Brestovke — разлика између измена

'''Brestovke''' (-{''Ulmaceae''}-) su [[family (biology)|familija]] [[flowering plant|cvetajućih biljki]] koja obuhvata [[Брест (биљка)|brestove]] (rod -{''Ulmus''}-), i [[Zelkova|zelkove]] (rod -{''Zelkova''}-).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Denk | first = T |author2 = GW Grimm | title = Phylogeny and biogeography of ''Zelkova'' (Ulmaceae ''sensu stricto'') as inferred from leaf morphology, ITS sequence data and the fossil record | journal = [[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|Bot J Linn Soc]] | volume = 147 | issue = 2 |pages=129–157129-157 |year=2005| doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00354.x}}</ref> Članovi ove familije su široko rasprostranjeni u severnoj [[Умерена клима|umerenoj zoni]], i imaju raspršena distribucija drugdje osim [[Australasia|Australazije]].<ref name="Watson">{{cite web|last=Watson|first = L.|author2=Dallwitz, M. J. |title = The Families of Flowering Plants: Ulmaceae Mirb.|date=1992 onwards|url = http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ulmaceae.htm|accessdate=21. 11. 2006 }}</ref><ref name="stevens">{{cite web|last=Stevens|first = P|title = Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden|year=2001|url = http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APweb/welcome.html|accessdate=21. 11. 2006 }}</ref>

Ova familija je ranije donekle obuhvatala [[Celtis|kopriviće]], (-{''Celtis''}- i slično), ali je analiza [[APG|grupa istraživača filogenije skrivenosemenica]] pokazala da je bolje smestiti te rodove u srodnu familiju -{[[Cannabaceae]]}-. Ograničenje navedeno u takosonomskoj kutiji je predložio P. Stivens na njegovom vebsajtu filogenije skrivenosemenica Botaničke bašte Misuri, i uključuje informacije o familijama vaskularnih biljki i spisak rodova [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Kraljevskih botaničkih vrtova]], -{''Kew''}-.<ref name="stevens"/> Generalno se smatra da obuhvata 7 rodova i oko 45 vrsta.<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal|author=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2= Byng, J. W. |year=2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 |pages=201–217201-217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 }}</ref> Pojedine klasifikacije takođe uključuju rod -{''[[Ampelocera]]''}-.<ref name="Ueda">{{cite journal|last=Ueda|first = Kunihiko |author2=K Kosuge |author3=H Tobe|title = A molecular phylogeny of Celtidaceae and Ulmaceae (Urticales) based on ''rbcL'' nucleotide sequences |journal = Journal of Plant Research |volume = 110|issue = 2|pages=171–178171-178|date=June 1997|doi = 10.1007/BF02509305}}</ref>

Ova familija je grupa zimzelenog i litopadnog drveća i grmlja sa [[mucilage|lepljivim]] supstancama na tkivu listova i kore. [[Leaf|Listovi]] su obično naizmenični na trepeljkama. Ivice listova su jednostavne (nisu kompozitne), sa potpuno glatkom ili donekle nazubljenom marginama, i često imaju asimetričnu osnovu. Cvetovi su mali, i mogu da budu dvopolni ili jednopolni.<ref name="Sytsma">{{Citation |last=Sytsma |first=Kenneth J. |last2=Morawetz |first2=Jeffery |last3=Pires |first3=J. Chris |last4=Nepokroeff |first4=Molly |last5=Conti |first5=Elena |last6=Zjhra |first6=Michelle |last7=Hall |first7=Jocelyn C. |last8=Chase |first8=Mark W. |year=2002 |title=Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on ''rbcL'', ''trnL''–''F'', and ''ndhF'' sequences |journal=[[American Journal of Botany|Am J Bot]] |volume=89 |issue=9 |pages=1531-1546 |doi=10.3732/ajb.89.9.1531 |lastauthoramp=yes |pmid=21665755|pages=1531-1546}}</ref> [[Plod]]ovi su zatvorene [[Samara (fruit)|krilatke]], [[Nut (fruit)|orašasti]] plodovi, ili [[Коштуница (плод)|koštunice]]. -{''Ulmus''}- obezbeđuje važnu [[Timber|građu]] uglavnom za [[nameštaj]], a -{''U. rubra''}-, [[slippery elm|klizavi brest]], [[Medical herbalism|medicinska]] je biljka koja je poznata po [[Demulcent|blagotvornim]] svojstvima svoje unutrašnje kore. -{''Planera aquatica''}- je isto tako vrsta stabala koja se koriste kao drvena građa. -{''Planera''}-, -{''Ulmus''}-, i -{''Zelkova''}- se uzgajaju kao [[Ornamental plant|ornamentalna stabla]].

Moderna [[molekularna filogenija]] sugeriše sledeće odnose:<ref name="Ueda"/><ref name="Sytsma"/><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Zavada MS, Kim M |year=1996 | title = Phylogenetic analysis of Ulmaceae | journal = [[Plant Systematics and Evolution|Plant Syst Evol]] | volume = 200 | issue = 1 |pages=13–2013-20 | doi = 10.1007/BF00984745}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=http://www.2012.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail&aid=316 | title = Fossils, biogeography and dates in an expanded phylogeny of Ulmaceae |vauthors = Neubig K, Herrera F, Manchester S, Abbott JR |date=July 7–11, 2012 | publisher = Botanical Society of America | location = St. Louis, Missouri | conference = Botany 2012: Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of America in Columbus, Ohio, USA | id = Abstract 316}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Sun M, Naeem R, Su JX, Cao ZY, Burleigh G, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Chen ZD |year=2016 | title = Phylogeny of the Rosidae: A dense taxon sampling analysis | journal = Journal of Systematics and Evolution | volume = 54 | issue = 4 |pages=363–391363-391 | doi = 10.1111/jse.12211}}</ref>

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