Вилњус — разлика између измена
Садржај обрисан Садржај додат
Нема описа измене ознаке: мобилна измена мобилно веб-уређивање |
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Ред 1:
{{Град у Литванији
| назив = Вилњус
| изворни_назив = [[Литвански језик|лит]]. ''-{Vilnius}-''<br>надимци: Јерусалим Литваније,<ref>Widespread nickname of Vilnius, that appeared because of a strong [[Lithuanian Jews|Litvak]] community. Today it is used primarily speaking about the past of the Jewish community of Vilnius, e.g. [http://www.lzb.lt/en/2016/11/18/vilnius-in-search-of-the-jerusalem-of-lithuania/ A book "Vilnius, in search of Jerusalem of Lithuania"].</ref> Rome of the North,<ref>Widespread use of the nickname from the 16th century to this day as a reference to the many Catholic churches and monasteries in Vilnius and overall religious atmosphere in the centre. This nickname was/is used not only by the foreigners, but also by the local population, e.g. Lithuanian cultural figure of the 19th century [[Dionizas Poška]] nicknamed Vilnius "Rome of the North", as, according to him, Vilnius is "the old religious centre, that transformed from a pagan city into the bastion of Christianity". D. Poška, 'Raštai', Vilnius, 1959, p. 67</ref> Атина севера,<ref>Cultural newspaper, [http://www.satenai.lt that is published in Vilnius from 1990, is named "Šiaurės Atėnai" (The Athens of the North)] as a reference to one of the nicknames of Vilnius, that was widespread nickname of the city, esp. in the first half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century mostly because of [[Vilnius University]]. During the interwar period, Polish scientific newspaper, published in Vilnius, was also named "Atheneum Wileńskie".</ref> Нови Вавилон,<ref>Especially in the 16th–17th centuries, Vilnius was referred to as the ‘New Babylon’ because of many languages, spoken in the city as well as many religions presented (there were various Christian communities as well as Jews and even Muslim Tatar community). E.g.: S. Bodniak, "Polska w relacji włoskiej z roku 1604", Pamiętnik biblioteki kórnickiej, 2, (Kórnik, 1930), p. 37.</ref> Град/престоница [[Palemonids|Палемона]]<ref>This nickname was very popular among the [[Lithuanian nobility]], citizens of Vilnius and used among the poets, esp. during the Baroque period. Many poets of the period, including [[Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski]], nicknamed Vilnius "the capital of Palemon" or "the city of Palemon". Živilė Nedzinskaitė, Vilnius XVII–XVIII a. LDK lotyniškojoje poezijoje, Acta Academiae Artium Vilnensis, Vilnius, 2010, p. 16; Eugenija Ulčinaitė, Motiejus Kazimieras Sarbievijus: Antikos ir krikščionybės sintezė; Vilniaus pasveikinimas, Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, Vilnius, 2001, pp. 47, 59, 61, 63; etc.</ref>
| слика = Vilnus Montage (2016).png
| опис_слике = Колажни приказ градских знаменитости
Ред 24:
| градоначелник = Ремидијус Шимашијус
}}
'''Вилњус''' ({{јез-лит|Vilnius}}, {{јез-пољ|Wilno}}, {{јез-блр|Вільня}}, {{јез-рус|Вильнюс}}) је [[главни град|престоница]] и највећи град [[Литванија|Литваније]]. То је и други по величини град у [[Балтичко море|Балтичким]] земљама. Вилњус чини истоимену општину у оквиру [[округ Вилњус|округа Вилњус]], који чини шире градско подручје, које са градом има око 800 хиљада становника.<ref name="pop.lt">{{cite web |url=http://www.registrucentras.lt/p/853 |title=Statistinės suvestinės: Gyventojų skaičius pagal savivaldybes 2020 m. sausio 1 d. |language=lt |trans-title=Statistical summaries: number of inhabitants in municipalities as of 1 January 2019 |website=Vilnius |publisher=Valstybės įmonė Registrų centras [State Enterprise Center of Registers of Lithuania] |date=1 January 2020 |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref>
Стари део града Вилњуса, једно од највећих очуваних градских језгара у [[Источна Европа|источној Европи]], је данас на списку [[Светска баштина|светске баштине]] [[Унеско|УНЕСКОа]].
Ред 40:
=== Клима ===
Клима области Вилњуса је [[умереноконтинентална клима|умерено континентална]].
{{Weather box
| location = Vilnius (1981–2010 normals, sun 1961–1990)
| collapsed =
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 11.0
| Feb record high C = 14.4
| Mar record high C = 19.8
| Apr record high C = 29.0
| May record high C = 31.8
| Jun record high C = 34.2
| Jul record high C = 36.4
| Aug record high C = 34.9
| Sep record high C = 33.1
| Oct record high C = 24.5
| Nov record high C = 15.5
| Dec record high C = 10.5
| year record high C = 36.4
| Jan high C = −1.9
| Feb high C = −1.2
| Mar high C = 3.8
| Apr high C = 12.0
| May high C = 18.4
| Jun high C = 20.8
| Jul high C = 23.2
| Aug high C = 22.4
| Sep high C = 16.6
| Oct high C = 10.2
| Nov high C = 3.2
| Dec high C = −0.8
| year high C = 10.6
| Jan mean C = −4.3
| Feb mean C = −4.0
| Mar mean C = 0.2
| Apr mean C = 7.1
| May mean C = 12.9
| Jun mean C = 15.7
| Jul mean C = 18.1
| Aug mean C = 17.3
| Sep mean C = 12.3
| Oct mean C = 6.9
| Nov mean C = 1.1
| Dec mean C = −3.0
| year mean C = 6.7
| Jan low C = −6.6
| Feb low C = −6.8
| Mar low C = −3.4
| Apr low C = 2.1
| May low C = 7.3
| Jun low C = 10.6
| Jul low C = 13.0
| Aug low C = 12.1
| Sep low C = 7.9
| Oct low C = 3.6
| Nov low C = −1.1
| Dec low C = −5.2
| year low C = 2.4
| Jan record low C = −37.2
| Feb record low C = −35.8
| Mar record low C = −29.6
| Apr record low C = −14.4
| May record low C = −4.4
| Jun record low C = 0.1
| Jul record low C = 3.5
| Aug record low C = 1.0
| Sep record low C = −4.8
| Oct record low C = −14.4
| Nov record low C = −22.8
| Dec record low C = −30.5
| year record low C = −37.2
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 48.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 38.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 42.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 41.6
| May precipitation mm = 56.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 78.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 86.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 72.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 63.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 54.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 47.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 52.6
| year precipitation mm = 682.3
| Jan precipitation days = 12.4
| Feb precipitation days = 10.5
| Mar precipitation days = 9.6
| Apr precipitation days = 8.6
| May precipitation days = 9.6
| Jun precipitation days = 11.4
| Jul precipitation days = 10.7
| Aug precipitation days = 9.6
| Sep precipitation days = 9.6
| Oct precipitation days = 10.1
| Nov precipitation days = 10.4
| Dec precipitation days = 12.2
| year precipitation days = 124.8
| Jan sun = 36
| Feb sun = 71
| Mar sun = 117
| Apr sun = 164
| May sun = 241
| Jun sun = 231
| Jul sun = 219
| Aug sun = 217
| Sep sun = 140
| Oct sun = 94
| Nov sun = 33
| Dec sun = 25
| year sun = 1588
| Jan uv =0
| Feb uv =1
| Mar uv =2
| Apr uv =3
| May uv =5
| Jun uv =6
| Jul uv =6
| Aug uv =5
| Sep uv =3
| Oct uv =2
| Nov uv =1
| Dec uv =0
| source = [[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]] (avg high and low)<ref name = WMO>{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/105/c00204.htm
| title = World Weather Information Service – Vilnius
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| accessdate = 2 February 2013}}</ref> NOAA (sun, extremes, and mean temperatures)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/LU/26730.TXT
| title = Vilnius Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = 2 February 2013}}</ref>, Météo Climat<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-1-p130.php
| title = Météo Climat 1981–2010 averages for Lithuania
| publisher = Météo Climat
| accessdate = 15 October 2017}}</ref> and Weather Atlas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/lithuania/vilnius-climate|title=Vilnius, Lithuania - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|last=d.o.o|first=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref>
| date = October 2017
}}
Свега 20% градске површине је изграђено подручје, а остатак су паркови, шуме, поља и обрадиво земљиште. Због тога је Вилњус један од „најзеленијих“ главних градова у [[Европа|Европи]].
Линија 118 ⟶ 214:
== Партнерски градови ==
Вилњус је [[Twin towns and sister cities|партнерски]] град са низом градова:<ref>{{cite web |title=Miestai partneriai|url=http://www.ivilnius.lt/pazink/apie-vilniu/miestai-partneriai|website=ivilnius.lt|publisher=Vilnius|language=lt|accessdate=28 August 2019}}</ref>
{{colbebin|3}}
* {{зас|Austria}} [[Салцбург]] ({{јез-нем|Salzburg}}), [[Аустрија]]
* {{зас|Bulgaria}} [[Софија]] ({{јез-буг|София}}), [[Бугарска]]
Линија 135 ⟶ 234:
* {{зас|Ukraine}} [[Кијев]] ({{јез-укр|Київ}}), [[Украјина]]
* {{зас|Finland}} [[Јоенсу]] ({{јез-фин|Joensuu}}), [[Финска]]
{{colend}}
== Референце ==
Линија 161 ⟶ 261:
{{Списак градова у Литванији}}
{{Европска престоница културе}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Категорија:Градови у Литванији]]
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