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==Background==
Након неуспјелог покушаја Француске да [[French colonization of Texas|колонизује Тексас]] у касном 17. вијеку, Шпанија је развила план да насели регион.<ref>Weber (1992), pp. 149–154.</ref> OnНа itsњеговом southernјужном edgeободу, alongдуж theријека [[MedinaМедине River|Medina]]и and [[Nueces River]]sНуецес, [[Spanishшпански Texas]]Тексас wasсе borderedграничио byса theпровинцијом province of [[Coahuila]]Коавила.<ref name=edmondson6>Edmondson (2000), p. 6.</ref> На Onистоку, theТексас east,се Texasграничи borderedса [[Louisiana (New France)|LouisianaЛуизијаном]].<ref name=edmonson10>Edmondson (2000), p. 10.</ref> Following theНакон [[LouisianaКуповина PurchaseЛуизијане|куповине Луизијане]] of 1803, theСједињене UnitedДржаве Statesтакође alsoполажу claimedправо theна landземљу westзападно ofод theријеке [[Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)|Sabine River]]Сабине, allсве theдо wayријеке toРио the Rio GrandeГранде.<ref name=weber291>Weber (1992), p. 291.</ref> FromОд 1812. toдо 1813. antiанти-Spanishшпански republicansрепубликанци andи U.S.амерички [[filibusterтfilibuster (military)|filibustersфилибастери]] rebelledпобунили againstсу theсе против [[SpanishШпанска EmpireИмперија|Шпанске импеије]] in what isшто knownје todayданас asпознато theкао [[Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition|Гуитерез-маре експедиција]] during theтоком [[MexicanМексички Warрат за независност|рата ofза Independenceнезависност]].У Theyпочетку wonсу battlesпобеђивали inу theбиткама beginningи andзаузели capturedмноге manyтексашке Texasградове citiesод fromШпаније theшто Spanishје thatдовело ledдо toпроглашења aнезависности declarationдржаве ofТексас independenceу ofсаставу theМексичке stateРепублике of17. Texas as part of the Mexican Republic on April 17,априла 1813. Theгодине. newНоца Texasтексашка governmentвлада andи armyармија metсу theirдочекали doomсвоју inпропаст theкод [[BattleБитка ofкод Медине|Битке Medinaкод медине]] inу Augustавгусту 1813,. 20 milesмиља southјужно ofод [[San Antonio|Сан Антониа]], whereгдје је 1,300 of theод 1,400 rebel army wereпобуњеника killedубијено inубијено battleу orбици executedили shortlyпогубљено afterwardsпослије byбитке royalistројалистички soldiersвојници. It was the deadliest single battle in Texas history. 300 republican government officials in San Antonio were captured and executed by the Spanish royalists shortly after the battle. [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]], future [[President of Mexico]], fought in this battle as a royalist and followed his superiors' orders to take no prisoners. Another interesting note is two founding fathers of the [[Republic of Texas]] and future signers of the [[Texas Declaration of Independence]] in 1836, [[José Antonio Navarro]] and [[José Francisco Ruiz]], took part in the Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition.<ref>https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qfm01 . Retrieved 2 September 2017.</ref> Although the United States officially renounced that claim as part of the [[Transcontinental Treaty]] with Spain in 1819,<ref group=Note>Spain did not ratify the treaty until February 1821, in the hopes that the delay would stop the Americans from recognizing Mexico as an independent country. Weber (1992), p. 300.</ref> many Americans continued to believe that Texas should belong to their nation,<ref name=weber299and300>Weber (1992), pp. 299–300.</ref> and over the next decade the United States made several offers to purchase the region.<ref name=lack5/>
Following the [[Mexican War of Independence]], Texas became part of [[Mexico]]. Under the [[1824 Constitution of Mexico|Constitution of 1824]], which defined the country as a [[federal republic]], the provinces of Texas and Coahuila were combined to become the state [[Coahuila y Tejas]].<ref group=Note>For the purposes of this article, "Texas" refers to the area north of the Medina and Nueces Rivers and west of the Sabine River. "Coahuila y Tejas" comprises both Texas and the province of Coahuila. The "Republic of Texas" includes Texas and the land between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande.</ref><ref name=manchaca161and62>Manchaca (2001), pp. 161–2.</ref><ref name=vazquez51>Vazquez (1997), p. 51.</ref> Texas was granted only a single seat in the state legislature, which met in [[Saltillo]], hundreds of miles away.<ref name=davis63>Davis (2006), p. 63.</ref><ref name=edmndson72>Edmondson (2000), p. 72.</ref> After months of grumbling by ''[[Tejano]]s'' (Mexican-born residents of Texas) outraged at the loss of their political autonomy, state officials agreed to make Texas a [[Department (country subdivision)|department]] of the new state, with a ''de facto'' capital in [[San Antonio|San Antonio de Béxar]].<ref name=davis63/>
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