Минут — разлика између измена
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Ред 1:
{{short description|Јединица времена једнака 60 секунди}}{{рут}}
[[File:La minute (315630347).jpg|thumb|[[digital clock|Дигитални сат]] који показује нула сати и један минут.]]
'''Минут''' је [[unit of measurement|јединица]] [[Vreme|времена]] обично једнака са {{sfrac|1|60}} (the first [[sexagesimal]] fraction<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wisteme.com/question.view?targetAction=viewQuestionTab&id=1768 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324134833/http://www.wisteme.com/question.view?targetAction=viewQuestionTab&id=1768 |archive-date=24 March 2012|title=What is the origin of hours, minutes and seconds?|work=Wisteme |quote=What we now call a minute derives from the first fractional sexagesimal place
|access-date=2011-05-25}}.</ref>) of an [[hour]], or 60 [[second]]s. In the [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] [[time standard]], a minute on rare occasions has 61 seconds, a consequence of [[leap second]]s (there is a provision to insert a negative leap second, which would result in a 59-second minute, but this has never happened in more than 40 years under this system). Although not an [[SI]] unit, the minute is accepted for use with SI units.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/table6.html|work=Bureau International de Poids et Mesures|title=Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI, and units based on fundamental constants|access-date=2011-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111155820/http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/table6.html|archive-date=2014-11-11|url-status=live}}</ref> The SI symbol for ''minute'' or ''minutes'' is '''min''' (without a dot). The [[prime symbol]] is also sometimes used informally to denote minutes of time.
Минут или ''минута'' може да буде:
* [[Мерна јединица|јединица]] за [[време]] једнака 1/60 делу [[сат]]а, односно 60 [[секунд]]и. (Неки ретки минути имају 59 или 61 секунд; видите [[преступна секунда|преступну секунду]].)
* јединица за [[угао]], 1/60 део [[лучни степен|степена]]. Такође је познат као '''минут угла''' или '''[[лучни минут]]''', и даље може да се подели на 60 [[лучна секунда|лучних секунди]].
Симбол за минут времена је '''-{min}-'''.
Линија 10 ⟶ 16:
Сат вероватно садржи 60 минута због утицаја [[Вавилон]]аца, који су користили бројни систем на [[Бројни систем|бази 60]].
== Историја ==
[[Al-Biruni]] first subdivided the hour [[sexagesimal]]ly into minutes, [[second]]s, thirds and fourths in 1000 CE while discussing Jewish months.<ref name="al-Biruni">{{ cite book | author=Al-Biruni | year=1879 | orig-year=1000 | title=The Chronology of Ancient Nations | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFIEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA147 | pages=147–149 | translator-last=Sachau | translator-first=C. Edward | author-link=Al-Biruni}}</ref>
Historically, the word "minute" comes from the Latin ''pars minuta prima'', meaning "first small part". This division of the hour can be further refined with a "second small part" (Latin: ''pars minuta secunda''), and this is where the word "second" comes from. For even further refinement, the term "third" ({{frac|1|60}} of a second) remains in some languages, for example [[Polish language|Polish]] (''tercja'') and [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (''salise''), although most modern usage subdivides seconds by using decimals. The symbol notation of the prime for minutes and double prime for seconds can be seen as indicating the first and second cut of the hour (similar to how the foot is the first cut of the [[yard]] or perhaps [[chain (length)|chain]], with inches as the second cut). In 1267, the medieval scientist [[Roger Bacon]], writing in Latin, defined the division of time between [[full moon]]s as a number of hours, minutes, seconds, thirds, and fourths (''horae'', ''minuta'', ''secunda'', ''tertia'', and ''quarta'') after noon on specified calendar dates.<ref>{{cite book | author=R Bacon | year=2000 | orig-year=1928 | title=The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon | publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] | page=table facing page 231 | isbn=978-1-85506-856-8 |no-pp=true | others=BR Belle}}</ref> The introduction of the minute hand into watches was possible only after the invention of the hairspring by Thomas Tompion, an English watchmaker, in 1675.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mitman|first=Carl |title=The Story of Timekeeping |journal=The Scientific Monthly |date=1926 |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=424–427 |bibcode=1926SciMo..22..424M |jstor=7652}}</ref>
=== Антика ===
Грци су мерили време другачије од нас. Уместо да поделе време између једне поноћи и следеће на 24 једнака сата, они су делили време од изласка до заласка сунца на 12 „сезонских сати“ (њихово стварно трајање је зависило од годишњег доба) и време од заласка до следећег изласка сунца поново у 12 „сезонских сати”.<ref>James Evans (1998), The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy, Oxford University Press, p.95[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=nS51_7qbEWsC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref> У почетку је само дан био подељен на 12 сезонских сати, а ноћ на 3<ref>
{{cite book
| last1 = Liddell
| first1 = Henry George
| author-link1 = Henry Liddell
| last2 = Scott
| first2 = Robert
| author-link2 = Robert Scott (philologist)
| title = A Lexicon Abridged from Liddell & Scott's Greek-English Lexicon
| year = 1883
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LeFFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA469
| edition = 20
| publisher = Harper & Brothers
| publication-date = 1883
| page = 469
| access-date = 12 April 2021
| quote = [...] from Homer downwards, the Greeks divided the night into three watches.
}}
</ref> или 4 ноћне страже. До [[Hellenistic period|хеленистичког периода]] ноћ је такође била подељена на 12 сати.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0234%3Abook%3D9%3Achapter%3D15 Polybius 9.15]</ref> Дан и ноћ (νυχθήμερον) је вероватно први поделио [[Hipparchus|Хипарх Никејски]] на двадесет и четири сата.<ref>Liddell-Scott-Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon, s.v. ὥρα Α.ΙΙ.2 [https://lsj.gr/wiki/%E1%BD%A5%CF%81%CE%B1 ὥρα]</ref> Грчки астроном [[Andronicus of Cyrrhus|Андроник из Кира]] надгледао је изградњу [[часослов]]а названог [[Tower of the Winds|Кула ветрова]] у Атини током првог века пре нове ере. Ова структура је пратила 24-часовни дан користећи сунчане сатове и механичке индикаторе сата.<ref name="nist">{{cite web |publisher= National Institute of Standards and Technology |title= A Walk Through Time |date= 12 August 2009 |url= https://www.nist.gov/pml/general/time/early.cfm |access-date= 2 April 2014}}</ref>
Уведено су [[canonical hours|канонски сати]] до [[early Christianity|раног хришћанства]] из [[Second Temple Judaism|јудаизма Другог храма]]. До 60. године, ''[[Didache|Дидах]]'' препоручује ученицима да се моле [[Lord's Prayer|Оченаш]] три пута дневно; ова пракса је нашла пут и у канонским часовима. У другом и трећем веку, [[Црквени оци|црквени очеви]] као што су [[Clement of Alexandria|Климент Александријски]], [[Ориген Адамантије|Ориген]] и [[Тертулијан]] писали су о пракси јутарње и вечерње молитве, као и о молитвама у трећем, шестом и деветом часу. У раној цркви, у ноћи пред сваки празник, одржавано је бденије. Реч „[[vigil|бдење]]“, која се прво односила на ноћну службу, потиче из латинског извора, наиме -{''Vigiliae''}- или ноћне страже или страже војника. Ноћ од шест часова увече до шест часова ујутру била је подељена на четири страже или бдења од по три сата, прво, друго, треће и четврто бдење.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10050a.htm Cabrol, Fernand. "Matins." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 6 October 2019{{PD-notice}}</ref>
''[[Horae|Хоре]]'' су првобитно биле персонификације сезонских аспеката природе, а не доба дана. Списак од дванаест ''Хора'' који представљају дванаест сати у дану забележен је само у [[Kasna antika|касној антици]], код [[Nonnus|Нона]].<ref>Nonnus, ''Dionysiaca'' 41.263</ref> Прва и дванаеста Хора додати су оригиналном скупу од десет:
{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
# -{''Auge''}- (прво светло)
# -{''Anatole''}- (излазак сунца)
# -{''Mousike''}- (јутарњи час музике и учења)
# -{''Gymnastike''}- (јутарњи сат вежбања)
# -{''Nymphe''}- (јутарњи час абдеста)
# -{''Mesembria''}- (подне)
# -{''Sponde''}- (либације након ручка )
# -{''Elete''}- (молитве)
# -{''Akte''}- (јело и задовољство)
# -{''Hesperis''}- (почетак вечери)
# -{''Dysis''}- (залазак сунца)
# -{''Arktos''}- (ноћно небо)
{{colend}}
== Види још ==
* [[International System of Units]]
* [[Latitude and longitude]]
* [[Orders of magnitude (time)]]
== Референце ==
{{Reflist}}
== Литература ==
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{{refend}}
== Спољашње везе ==
{{Commons category|Minute}}
* [https://www.bipm.org/en/about-us/ BIPM – About the BIPM] (home page)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181223053741/https://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/ BIPM – measurement units]
* [https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/ BIPM brochure] (SI reference)
{{СИ јединице}}
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