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Ramazan — разлика између измена

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{{short description|Mesečni post u islamu}}
{{Islam-lat}}
[[Датотека:هلال رمضان.jpg|десно|мини|260px|Polumjesec [[Ramazan]], [[Јордан|Jordan]]]]
{{rut}}
'''Ramazan''' ({{Jez-arap|رمضان|el}} [''-{Ramaḍān}-''])<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Ramadan|access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ramadan|title=Ramadan|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Ramadan|access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Ramadan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303035204/https://www.lexico.com/definition/ramadan |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-03 |title=Ramadan |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> je deveti mesec u [[islamski kalendar|islamskom kalendaru]].<ref name="ummalqura">{{cite web|url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|publisher=|accessdate=07. 03. 2017.}}</ref><ref name="AlJazeera">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/04/ramadan-fasting-start-date-170427062743037.html|title=Ramadan to start May 27 or May 28|website=aljazeera.com/|accessdate=27. 04. 2017}}</ref> To je za islamske vernike sveti mesec,<ref>[[Би-Би-Си|BBC]] – [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/ramadan_1.shtml ''Religions''] Retrieved 25 July 2012</ref> jer je u njemu počela objava [[Kuran]]a, u [[islamski praznici|mubarek noći Kadra]]. U toku ramazana islamskim vernicima je zabranjeno ratovanje, a strogo naređen [[post]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/722486.shtml | title= Muslims worldwide start to observe Ramadan |work= The Global Times Online |year=2012 |accessdate=28. 07. 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/a-look-at-the-muslim-fasting-month-of-ramadan/how-do-muslim-majority-countries-observe-ramadan/slideshow/64206787.cms |title= How do Muslim-majority countries observe Ramadan |work= economictimes.indiatimes.com |year=2019 |accessdate=11. 01. 2019. }}</ref><ref>[[BBC]]&nbsp;– [https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/ramadan_1.shtml ''Religions''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728235749/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/ramadan_1.shtml |date=28 July 2012 }} Retrieved 25 July 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan|title=Ramadan: Fasting and Traditions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322021411/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live|access-date=6 May 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ▼
 
A commemoration of [[Muhammad's first revelation]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/ramadan-2020-date-significance-wishes-quotes-messages-and-pictures-1670114-2020-04-23|title=Ramadan 2020: Date, importance, wishes, quotes, messages, and pictures|website=India Today}}</ref> the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the [[Five Pillars of Islam]]<ref name="BBC 2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam/ramadan.shtml|title=Schools&nbsp;– Religions|work=BBC|access-date=25 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827092420/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam/ramadan.shtml|archive-date=27 August 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the [[Hilal (crescent moon)|crescent moon]] to the next.<ref name="Bukhari">{{cite web |url= http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2466-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-124.html |title= Sahih Bukhari&nbsp;– Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124. |first= AbdAllah-Muhammad |last= Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail |work= hadithcollection.com |access-date= 25 July 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120613040509/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2466-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-124.html |archive-date= 13 June 2012 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Muslim">{{cite web |url= http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10970-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2378.html |title= Sahih Muslim&nbsp;– Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378. |first= Abul-Hussain |last= Muslim-Ibn-Habaj |work= hadithcollection.com |access-date= 25 July 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130115170910/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10970-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2378.html |archive-date= 15 January 2013 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
▲'''Ramazan''' ({{Jez-arap|رمضان|el}} [''-{Ramaḍān}-'']) je deveti mesec u [[islamski kalendar|islamskom kalendaru]].<ref name="ummalqura">{{cite web|url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|publisher=|accessdate=07. 03. 2017.}}</ref><ref name="AlJazeera">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/04/ramadan-fasting-start-date-170427062743037.html|title=Ramadan to start May 27 or May 28|website=aljazeera.com/|accessdate=27. 04. 2017}}</ref> To je za islamske vernike sveti mesec,<ref>[[Би-Би-Си|BBC]] – [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/ramadan_1.shtml ''Religions''] Retrieved 25 July 2012</ref> jer je u njemu počela objava [[Kuran]]a, u [[islamski praznici|mubarek noći Kadra]]. U toku ramazana islamskim vernicima je zabranjeno ratovanje, a strogo naređen [[post]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/722486.shtml | title= Muslims worldwide start to observe Ramadan |work= The Global Times Online |year=2012 |accessdate=28. 07. 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/a-look-at-the-muslim-fasting-month-of-ramadan/how-do-muslim-majority-countries-observe-ramadan/slideshow/64206787.cms |title= How do Muslim-majority countries observe Ramadan |work= economictimes.indiatimes.com |year=2019 |accessdate=11. 01. 2019. }}</ref>
 
Fasting from dawn to sunset is ''[[fard]]'' (obligatory) for all adult Muslims who are not [[acute illness|acutely]] or [[chronic illness|chronically ill]], [[travel]]ling, [[old age|elderly]], [[breastfeeding]], [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetic]], or [[Menstruation in Islam|menstruating]].<ref>Fasting (Al Siyam)&nbsp;– {{lang|ar|الصيام}}&nbsp;– p. 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998</ref> The predawn meal is referred to as ''[[suhur]]'', and the nightly feast that breaks the fast is called ''[[iftar]]''.<ref>Islam, Andrew Egan&nbsp;– 2002&nbsp;– p. 24</ref><ref>Dubai&nbsp;– p. 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers&nbsp;– 2010</ref> Although ''[[fatwa]]s'' have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a [[midnight sun]] or [[polar night]] should follow the timetable of [[Mecca]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201201/ramadan.in.the.farthest.north.htm|website=Saudi Aramco World|title=Ramadan in the Farthest North|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204183609/https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201201/ramadan.in.the.farthest.north.htm|archive-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> it is common practice to follow the timetable of the closest country in which night can be distinguished from day.<ref name="Ramadan2014">See article [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ramadan-fasting-times_n_5537721 "How Long Muslims Fast For Ramadan Around The World"] -Huffpost.com /31 July 2014 and article "Fasting Hours of Ramadan 2014" -Onislam.net / 29 June 2014 and article "The true spirit of Ramadan" -Gulfnews.com /31 July 2014</ref><ref name="ottawacitizen">See article by Imam Mohamad Jebara "The fasting of Ramadan is not meant to punish" https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/jebara-the-fasting-of-ramadan-is-not-meant-to-punish {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507015923/https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/jebara-the-fasting-of-ramadan-is-not-meant-to-punish |date=7 May 2019 }}</ref><ref name="ArcticRamadan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/03/ramadan-canada-arctic-fasting-hours-sunlight|title=Arctic Ramadan: fasting in land of midnight sun comes with a challenge|last=Kassam|first=Ashifa|date=3 July 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=6 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707050659/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/03/ramadan-canada-arctic-fasting-hours-sunlight|archive-date=7 July 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
The spiritual rewards (''[[thawab]]'') of fasting are believed to be multiplied during Ramadan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html|title=Sahih Bukhari&nbsp;– Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125.|last=Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|work=hadithcollection.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115170845/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html|archive-date=15 January 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=25 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Accordingly, during the hours of fasting Muslims refrain not only from food and drink, but also [[tobacco product]]s, [[sexual relations]], and [[Islamic views on sin|sinful behavior]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Jane I.|title=Islam in America|date=2010|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|isbn=978-0231147101|page=15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tom-AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA15|access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hotaling|first1=Edward|title=Islam Without Illusions: Its Past, Its Present, and Its Challenge for the Future|date=2003|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0815607663|page=[https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutillu0000hota/page/57 57]|url=https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutillu0000hota|url-access=registration|access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref> devoting themselves instead to ''[[salat]]'' ([[prayer]]) and study of the [[Quran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/006-sat.php|title=Sunan Abu-Dawud&nbsp;– (The Book of Prayer)&nbsp;– Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan, Hadith 1370|last=[[Abu Dawood|Abu Dawud]]-Ibn-Ash'ath-AsSijisstani|first=Sulayman|work=Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement of The University of Southern California|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615174109/http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/006-sat.php|archive-date=15 June 2012|url-status=live|access-date=25 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2391-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-199.html|title=Sahih Bukhari&nbsp;– Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 199.|last=Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|work=hadithcollection.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115170800/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2391-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-199.html|archive-date=15 January 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=25 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
== Ramazanski post ==
Линија 59 ⟶ 67:
 
== Literatura ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|ref=harv|last=Goyṭayn | first = Šelomo D. | title = Studies in Islamic history and institutions | publisher = E. J. Brill |year=1966 | location = Leiden, NL |pages=95-96 | doi = |isbn=978-90-04-03006-0|pages=}}
* {{Cite book|ref=harv|last=Robinson | first = Neal | title = Islam: A Concise Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/islam00neal| publisher = Georgetown University Press |year=1999 | location = Washington | doi = |isbn=978-0-87840-224-3|pages=}}
* Esposito, John Islam: The Straight Path, 3rd Rev Upd. {{page1|location=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-19-518266-8|pages=}}.
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWdXCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA151|title=Islam For Dummies|last=Clark|first=Malcolm|year=2003|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0764555039|language=en}}
* {{cite web|url=https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|access-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611040922/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|archive-date=11 June 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/04/ramadan-fasting-start-date-170427062743037.html|title=Ramadan to start May 27 or May 28|website=aljazeera.com/|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427152830/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/04/ramadan-fasting-start-date-170427062743037.html|archive-date=27 April 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.islamicfinder.org/islamic-calendar/2021/april/?type=Gregorian|title=Gregorian vs Hijri Calendar|access-date=2021-02-10 |publisher=islamicfinder.org}}
 
{{refend}}
 
Преузето из „https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan”