Реј Чарлс — разлика између измена
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{{Short description|Амерички певач и пијаниста (1930–2004)}}
{{Инфокутија Музичар
| име = Реј Чарлс
Линија 5 ⟶ 6:
| опис_слике = Реј Чарлс 1969. године
| пуно_име = Рејмонд Чарлс Робинсон<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Blues_A_Regional_Experience.html?id=6ZNfAQAAQBAJ |title=Blues: A Regional Experience |last=Eagle|first=Bob L.|last2=LeBlanc|first2=Eric S.|pages=361}}</ref>
| друга_имена = Ray Charles Robinson<ref name=bare group=note>According to {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZNfAQAAQBAJ |title=Blues: A Regional Experience |first1=Bob L. |last1=Eagle |first2=Eric S. |last2=LeBlanc |date=May 2013 |page=361|isbn=9780313344244 }}</ref>
| надимци =
| боја_позадине = соло
Линија 37 ⟶ 38:
| потпис =
}}
'''Реј Чарлс Робинсон''' ({{јез-енг|Ray Charles Robinson}}, [[Олбани (Џорџија)|Олбани]], [[Сједињене Америчке Државе|САД]], [[23. септембар]] [[1930]] — [[Беверли Хилс]], САД, [[10. јун]] [[2004]]), познатији по скраћеном имену '''Реј Чарлс''', био је [[Сједињене Америчке Државе|амерички]] текстописац, музичар и композитор. Колеге музичари и пријатељи звали су га "Brother Ray."
Линија 42 ⟶ 45:
[[Френк Синатра]] је назвао Чарлса „јединим правим генијем у шоу бизнису“. Часопис [[Ролинг стоун]] сврстао га је 2004. на 10 место своје листе „100 највећих уметника свих времена“,<ref>{{cite web|title=100 Greatest Artists of All Time. #10: Ray Charles | work = Van Morrison. Rolling Stone Issue 946| publisher = Rolling Stone| url = http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-19691231| accessdate=13. 6. 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bronson |first=Fred |authorlink=Fred Bronson |title=The Billboard Book of Number One Hits|url=https://archive.org/details/billboardbookofn00fred |publisher=Watson-Guptill |edition=4th |year=1997|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8230-7641-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/billboardbookofn00fred/page/98 98]}}</ref> и поново [[2008]]. на друго место листе „100 највећих певача свих времена“.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/6027/32782/32797| title = 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. #2: Ray Charles| work = Billy Joel| publisher = rollingstone.com| accessdate = 13. 6. 2010| archive-date = 26. 06. 2013| archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6HeR8hAWH?url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-20101202| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="RollingStone">{{cite web|title=100 Greatest Artists of All Time. No. 10: Ray Charles|last=Morrison|first=Van|work=Rolling Stone|issue=946|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-20110420|accessdate=13. 6. 2010|archive-date=10. 12. 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210072036/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-20110420|url-status=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-20101202 |title=100 Greatest Singers of All Time. No. 2: Ray Charles |last=Joel |first=Billy |work=Rolling Stone |accessdate=13. 6. 2010 |archive-date=22. 10. 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022235041/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-20101202 |url-status= }}</ref>
{{рут}}
Charles's 1960 hit "[[Georgia on My Mind|Georgia On My Mind]]" was the first of his three career No. 1 hits on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]. His 1962 album ''[[Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music|Modern Sounds In Country And Western Music]]'' became his first album to top the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/ray-charles|title=Ray Charles|website=Recording Academy Grammy Awards|date=November 23, 2020}}</ref> Charles had multiple singles reach the [[Top 40]] on various ''Billboard'' charts: 44 on the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US R&B]] singles chart, 11 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] singles chart, 2 on the [[Hot Country Songs|Hot Country]] singles charts.<ref name=":6">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/ray-charles|title=Ray Charles Chart History|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
== Рани живот и образовање ==
▲[[Датотека:Ray Charles FIJM 2003.jpg|мини|лево|220п|Реј Чарлс 2003. године]]
Ray Charles Robinson was born on September 23, 1930, in [[Albany, Georgia]].<ref name=bare group=note/> He was the son of Bailey Robinson, a laborer, and Aretha (or Reatha) Robinson (née Williams), a laundress, of [[Greenville, Florida]].
During Aretha's childhood, her mother died. Her father could not keep her. Bailey, a man her father worked with, took her in. The Robinson family—Bailey, his wife Mary Jane, and his mother— informally adopted her and Aretha took the surname Robinson. A few years later 15-year-old Aretha became pregnant by Bailey. During the ensuing scandal, she left Greenville late in the summer of 1930 to be with family back in Albany. After the birth of the child, Ray Charles, she and the infant Charles returned to Greenville. Aretha and Bailey's wife, who had lost a son, then shared in Charles's upbringing. The father abandoned the family, left Greenville, and married another woman elsewhere. By his first birthday, Charles had a brother, George. Later, no one could remember who George's father was.<ref name=Autobio/>
Charles was deeply devoted to his mother and later recalled, despite her poor health and adversity, her perseverance, self-sufficiency, and pride as guiding lights in his life.
In his early years, Charles showed an interest in mechanical objects and would often watch his neighbors working on their cars and farm machinery. His musical curiosity was sparked at Wylie Pitman's Red Wing Cafe, at the age of three, when Pitman played [[boogie woogie]] on an old [[upright piano]]; Pitman subsequently taught Charles how to play the piano. Charles and his mother were always welcome at the Red Wing Cafe and even lived there when they were in financial distress.<ref name=Autobio/> Pitman would also care for Ray's younger brother George, to take some of the burden off their mother. George accidentally drowned in his mother's laundry tub when he was four years old.<ref name=Autobio/><ref name="SwingMusicBio">{{cite web |last1=Parker |first1=Jeff |title=Ray Charles Biography |url=http://www.swingmusic.net/Ray_Charles_Biography.html |website=www.swingmusic.net |access-date=December 16, 2018}}</ref>
Charles started to lose his sight at the age of four<ref name="NPR death">{{cite news |title=Ray Charles, American Legend, Dies at 73|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1947628 |access-date= September 25, 2014 |publisher=NPR.org |date=June 11, 2004 }}</ref> or five,<ref name="60min">Leung, Rebecca (October 14, 2004). [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/10/14/60minutes/main649346.shtml "The Genius of Ray Charles: ''60 Minutes'' Looks Back at the Life and Loves of a True Original"] (about a 1986 segment on Charles from ''[[60 Minutes]]'').</ref> and was blind by the age of seven, likely as a result of [[glaucoma]].<ref name= boheme>{{cite web|last=Graham|first=Eamon|year=2004|url=http://www.boheme-magazine.net/july04/charles.html |title=Obituary: Ray Charles (1930–2004) |work=Bohème Magazine}}</ref> Destitute, uneducated, and mourning the loss of her younger son, Aretha Robinson used her connections in the local community to find a school that would accept a blind African-American pupil. Despite his initial protest, Charles attended school at the [[Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind]] in [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]] from 1937 to 1945.<ref name=Autobio/>
Charles further developed his musical talent at school<ref name= boheme/> and was taught to play the [[classical music|classical]] piano music of [[J.S. Bach|Bach]], [[Mozart]] and [[Beethoven]]. His teacher, Mrs. Lawrence, taught him how to use [[braille music]], a difficult process that requires learning the left hand movements by reading braille with the right hand and learning the right hand movements by reading braille with the left hand, then combining the two parts.
Charles's mother died in the spring of 1945, when he was 14. Her death came as a shock to him; he later said the deaths of his brother and mother were "the two great tragedies" of his life. Charles decided not to return to school after the funeral.<ref name=Autobio/>
== Албуми ==
Линија 69 ⟶ 88:
* Sweet & Sour Tears 1964
* Have a Smile with Me 1964
== Напомене ==
{{reflist|group=note}}
== Референце ==
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