Farmakokinetika — разлика између измена

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* [[Elimination (pharmacology)|'''<u>E</u>'''xcretion]] – the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some [[drugs]] irreversibly accumulate in [[body tissue]].
 
== MetricsMetrike ==
 
TheSledeće followingsu arenajčešće themerene mostfarmakokinetičke commonly measured pharmacokinetic metricsmetrike:<ref name="urlwww.agah.info">{{cite web |url = http://www.agah.eu/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/PK-glossary_PK_working_group_2004.pdf |title = Collection of terms, symbols, equations, and explanations of common pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and some statistical functions |author = AGAH working group PHARMACOKINETICS |date = 2004-02-16 |publisher = Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie (AGAH) (Association for Applied Human Pharmacology) |access-date = 2011-04-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160508185420/http://www.agah.eu/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/PK-glossary_PK_working_group_2004.pdf |archive-date = 2016-05-08 |url-status = dead }}</ref> TheJedinice unitsdoze of the dose in the table areu expressedtabeli insu [[mole (unit)|molesmolske]] (mol) andi [[molar (unit)|molarmolarne]] (M). ToDa expressbiste theizrazili metricsmetriku oftabele theu tablejedinicama in units of massmase, instead ofumesto [[Amount of substance|količina supstance]], simplyjednostavno replacezamenite 'mol' withsa 'g' andi 'M' withsa 'g/dm3'. SimilarlySlično, otherdruge unitsjedinice inu thetabeli tablemogu maybiti beizražene expressedu injedinicama units of an equivalentekvivalentne [[dimension|dimenzije]] by scalingskaliranjem.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hallare|first1=Jericho|title=Half Life|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554498/|work=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=32119385|access-date=2021-12-25|last2=Gerriets|first2=Valerie}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Farmakokinetičke metrike
! style="width:6.5em;" | Karakteristika
! Description
! style="width:6em;" | Simbol
! Jedinica
! Formula
! Vrednost<br />radnog primera
|-
| [[Dose (biochemistry)|Doza]] || Količina primenjenog leka. || <math>D</math>
| <math>\mathrm{mol}</math> || {{n/a|Dizajnirani parameter}}
| 500&nbsp;mmol
|-
| Interval doziranja || Vreme između davanja doze leka. || <math>\tau</math>
| <math>\mathrm{h}</math> || {{n/a|Dizajnirani parameter}}
| 24&nbsp;h
|-
| [[Cmax (farmakologija)|C<sub>max</sub>]] || Maksimalna koncentracija leka u plazmi nakon primene. || <math>C_\text{max}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{mmol/L}</math> || {{n/a|Direktno merenje}}
| 60,9&nbsp;mmol/L
|-
| [[tmax (farmakologija)|t<sub>max</sub>]] || Vreme da se dostigne C<sub>max</sub>. || <math>t_\text{max}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{h}</math> || {{n/a|Direktno merenje}}
| 3,9&nbsp;h
|-
| [[Cmin (farmakologija)|C<sub>min</sub>]] || Najniža koncentracija koju lek dostigne pre primene sledeće doze.
| <math>C_{\text{min}, \text{ss}}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{mmol/L}</math> || {{n/a|Direktno merenje}}
| 27,7&nbsp;mmol/L
|-
| [[Cavg|C<sub>avg</sub>]] || Prosečna koncentracija leka u plazmi tokom intervala doziranja u [[Steady_state#Pharmacy|stabilnom stanju]].
| <math>C_{\text{av}, \text{ss}}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{h\times mmol/L}</math> || <math>\frac{AUC_{\tau,\text{ss}}}{\tau}</math>
| 55,0&nbsp;h×mmol/L
|-
| [[Volume of distribution|Zapremina distribucije]] || Prividna zapremina u kojoj se lek distribuira (tj. parametar koji povezuje koncentraciju leka u plazmi sa količinom leka u telu).
| <math>V_\text{d}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{L}</math> || <math>\frac{D}{C_0}</math>
| 6,0&nbsp;L
|-
| [[Concentration|Koncentracija]] || Količina leka u datoj zapremini [[blood plasma|plazme]]. || <math>C_{0}, C_\text{ss}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{mmol/L}</math> || <math>\frac{D}{V_\text{d}}</math>
| 83,3&nbsp;mmol/L
|-
| [[Biological half-life|Poluvreme apsorpcije]] || Vreme potrebno da se 50% date doze leka apsorbuje u sistemsku cirkulaciju.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554498/ Half Life]</ref>
| <math>t_{\frac{1}{2}a}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{h}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{k_\text{a}}</math>
| 1,0&nbsp;h
|-
| [[Absorption rate constant|Konstanta brzine apsorpcije]] || Brzina kojom lek ulazi u telo oralnim i drugim ekstravaskularnim putevima.
| <math>k_\text{a}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{h}^{-1}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{t_{\frac{1}{2}a}}</math>
| 0,693&nbsp;h<sup>−1</sup>
|-
| [[Biological half-life|Poluživot eliminacije]] || Vreme potrebno da koncentracija leka dostigne polovinu prvobitne vrednosti.
| <math>t_{\frac{1}{2}b}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{h}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{k_\text{e}}</math>
| 12&nbsp;h
|-
| [[Elimination rate constant|Konstanta brzine eliminacije]] || Brzina kojom se lek uklanja iz tela. || <math>k_\text{e}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{h}^{-1}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{t_{\frac{1}{2}b}} = \frac{CL}{V_\text{d}}</math>
| 0,0578&nbsp;h<sup>−1</sup>
|-
| [[Infusion rate|Brzina infuzije]] || Brzina infuzije potrebna za uravnoteženje eliminacije. || <math>k_\text{in}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{mol/h}</math> || <math>C_\text{ss} \cdot CL</math>
| 50&nbsp;mmol/h
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics)|Površina ispod krive]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Integral]] krive koncentracija-vreme (posle pojedinačne doze ili u stabilnom stanju).
| <math>AUC_{0 - \infty}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{M}\cdot\mathrm{s}</math>
| <math>\int_{0}^{\infty}C\, \mathrm{d}t</math>
| rowspan="2" |1.320&nbsp;h×mmol/L
|-
| <math>AUC_{\tau, \text{ss}}</math>
| <math>\mathrm{M}\cdot\mathrm{s}</math>
| <math>\int_{t}^{t + \tau}C\, \mathrm{d}t</math>
|-
| [[Clearance (medicine)|Čišćenje]] || Zapremina plazme očišćene od leka u jedinici vremena. || <math>CL</math>
| <math>\mathrm{m}^3/\mathrm{s}</math> || <math>V_\text{d} \cdot k_\text{e} = \frac{D}{AUC}</math>
| 0,38&nbsp;L/h
|-
| [[Bioavailability|Biološka raspoloživost]] || Sistemski dostupna frakcija leka. || <math>f</math>
| Bezjedinično || <math>\frac{AUC_\text{po} \cdot D_\text{iv}}{AUC_\text{iv} \cdot D_\text{po}}</math>
| 0,8
|-
| [[Peak-to-trough ratio|Fluktuacija]] || Vršna fluktuacija unutar jednog intervala doziranja u stabilnom stanju. || <math>\%PTF</math>
| <math>\%</math>
| <math>100\frac{C_{\text{max}, \text{ss}} - C_{\text{min}, \text{ss}}}{C_{\text{av}, \text{ss}}}</math>
gde je
<math>C_{\text{av}, \text{ss}}=\frac{AUC_{\tau,\text{ss}}}{\tau}</math>
| 41,8%
|}
 
==Analysis==