Радиохемија — разлика између измена
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Ред 20:
1951 Benedict Cassen at the University of California, Los Angeles invents the scintiscanner for the measurement of radioiodine in the body (the first step toward PET).
1958 Hal Anger develops the Anger Camera, which permitted visualization of radiotracer distribution in biological systems.
1975 A former Golden Gloves boxer Michael Phelps and Edward Hoffman in Ter-Pogossian's laboratory develop PETT (Positron Emission Transaxial Tomography).
In the history of radiochemistry it is possible to distinguish
few periods.1 The first period of radiochemistry formation as
an independent scientific direction, was closely related with
the discovery of new radioactive elements, understanding of
the main laws of radioactive substance behavior.
During the second period (40−50-th years) the radiochemical
investigations were focused on the practical utilization of
nuclear energy, studying of the chemical properties of artificially
obtained elements, development of technology of processing
of the irradiated nuclear fuel, resolving of the problem
of radioactive wastes burial.
The intensive development of activation analysis in the 50-
th years was also definitely stimulated by needs in qualitatively
new materials for nuclear technology (high pure carbon, beryllium,
zirconium and others ). Comparatively with known at
that time analytical methods, only NAA due to its high sensitivity
was suitable for impurities control in course of technology
development.
In the 60−70-th the serious attention was paid to the analysis
of different semi-conductors (silicon, germanium, gallium
arsenide, tellurium, cadmium telluride and other substances),
geological materials.
Later years the method begins widely to be applied for the
analysis of environmental samples, for investigations in
medicine and biology. Therefore, one can trace the similar
tendencies in priorities like in the case of radiochemistry: the
exclusive work for purposes of nuclear technology is replaced
by maintenance of diverse needs of the society.
From the 60-th the society step by step began realize the
global character of consequences of the contemporary activity
of mankind. The main attention shifted to the problems of
maintenance of the sustainable development, including such
aspects as: remediation of the polluted territories, study of the
radionuclides behavior in nature, reduction of the amount of
unavoidable (for the current nuclear technology) radioactive
wastes, development of technology of long-term radioactive
wastes storage and many other things.
Today radioactive isotopes are less often used for the elements
determination, but they find more and more wide application
in medicine, environmental science, biology for the
purposes of diagnostics, elements speciation and migration,
studying of fine biochemical processes.
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==Врсте радиоактивног распада==
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