Википедија

Južno ostrvo

Južno ostrvo (engl. South Island,[1] maor. Te Waipounamu) je jedno od dva glavna ostrva Novog Zelanda (drugo je Severno ostrvo). Ima površinu od 151.215 km², što ga čini dvanaestim ostrvom po veličini na svetu.[2] Duž zapadne obale Južnog ostrva pruža se lanac planina Južni Alpi, čiji najviši vrh je Kuk sa 3,754 metara iznad nivoa mora. Na ostrvu postoji 9 nacionalnih parkova, a poznato je i po skijalištima.

Južno ostrvo
Satelitski snimak Južnog Ostrva
Južno ostrvo na karti Novog Zelanda
Južno ostrvo
Južno ostrvo
Novi Zeland
Geografija
Koordinate43° 58′ 59″ J; 170° 27′ 00″ I / 43.983° J; 170.450° I / -43.983; 170.450 43° 58′ 59″ J; 170° 27′ 00″ I / 43.983° J; 170.450° I / -43.983; 170.450
Površina150.437 km2
Obala5.842 km
Visina3.754 m
Najviši vrhMaunt Kuk
Administracija
NZE
Demografija
Stanovništvo1.096.200  (2016.)
Gustina st.0 stan./km2

Prvi evropljani koji su stigli do ovog ostrva bili su u ekspediciji Holanđanina Abela Tasmana. Njegova dva broda su stigla u Zlatni zaliv na severu ostrva decembra 1642. U 19. veku neke mape su nazivale ostrvo „Srednja zemlja“ ili „Novi Alster“. Na ostrvu živi 1.096.200 ljudi, što je oko četvrtina naroda Novog Zelanda. U prošlosti (19. vek) ovde je živela većina stanovništva. Ostrvo je podeljeno u sedam regiona: Nelson, Marlboro, Tasman, Otago, Kenterburi, Zapadna obala, Južna zemlja. Najveći gradovi na ostrvu su Krajstčerč, Danedin, Inverkargil, Nelson, Vestport, Hokitika, Blenhajm, Timaru, Oamaru.

Pošto je 32% veće od Severnog ostrva, Južno ostrvo se ponekad naziva i „kopno“ Novog Zelanda.[3] Ono je dom za 23 odsto od 5,1 miliona stanovnika Novog Zelanda. Nakon zlatnih groznica tokom 1860-ih u ranim fazama naseljavanja zemlje Pakehama (Evropljanima), Južno ostrvo je imalo većinu evropskog stanovništva i bogatstva. Populacija Severnog ostrva pretekla je južno ostrvo početkom 20. veka, sa 56% stanovništva Novog Zelanda koje je živelo na Severnom ostrvu 1911. Naseljavanje ljudi i preduzeća na severu se nastavilo i tokom dvadesetog veka.[4]

Geografija

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Reference

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  1. ^ Reporter, Staff (10. 10. 2013). „Two official options for NZ island names”. The New Zealand Herald. Pristupljeno 20. 12. 2018. 
  2. ^ „Quick Facts - Land and Environment : Geography - Physical Features”. Statistics New Zealand. 2000. Arhivirano iz originala 8. 4. 2013. g. Pristupljeno 13. 8. 2012. 
  3. ^ Meier, Cecile (10. 9. 2015). „South Island the true Mainland: Cecile Meier”. Stuff.co.nz (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 13. 4. 2020. 
  4. ^ King, Michael (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland: Penguin Books. str. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-14-301867-4. 

Literatura

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  • Deborah, Montgomerie (2001). The Women's War: New Zealand Women 1939–45.  argues that the Second World War was not a major turning point in the status of women
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  • Ballantyne, Tony (2009). „Culture and Colonization: Revisiting the Place of Writing in Colonial New Zealand”. The Journal of New Zealand Studies.  This essay offers an overview of recent historical writing on colonialism.
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  • Philippa, Hunter (2011). „Disturbing History's Identity in the New Zealand Curriculum to Free Up Historical Thinking”. Curriculum Matters. 7. 
  • Katie, Pickles (2011). „The Obvious and the Awkward: Postcolonialism and the British World”. New Zealand Journal of History: 85—101.  looks at metropole and colony
  • Jacob, Pollock (2007). „Cultural Colonization and Textual Biculturalism”. New Zealand Journal of History: 180—198. „Compares the approaches in James Belich's Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders. From Polynesian Settlement to the End of the Nineteenth Century (1996) and Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders. From the 1880s to the Year 2000 (2001) with those of Michael King's The Penguin History of New Zealand (2003). Responding to Maori arguments that the colonial narrative of Pakeha history was a device to privilege the legitimacy of British colonisation, Belich wrote a radically bicultural story. He says the two peoples—both immigrants—developed their mother cultures inside New Zealand. King takes a more traditional approach that portrays a new unified state in which there are not two distinct and equal cultures but two principal varieties of New Zealanders.” 
  • The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. „As well as all the Prime Ministers, Māori chiefs, early settlers and sporting legends, this also includes con artists, adventurers and other lesser known but interesting characters from New Zealand's past.” 
  • Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. „A work still in progress, this will eventually offer short but comprehensive snapshots of most aspects of New Zealand, past and present.” 
  • An authoritative and fairly comprehensive online source. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 
  • „The New Zealand Journal of History”.  complete texts of scholarly articles and book reviews; quarterly since 1967
  • The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. 1897.  Encyclopedia covering people, organisations and places.

Spoljašnje veze

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