Википедија

Дечак у плавом

портрет енглеског сликара Томаса Гејнсбора 1770. године

Dečak u plavom (eng. The Blue Boy) je portret koji je naslikao engleski slikar Tomas Gejnsboro 1770. godine.[2][3][4] Portret je u prirodnoj veličini (177,8 × 112,1), rađen tehnikom ulje na platnu.[5][6][7] Nalazi se Hantington biblioteci, u San Marinu u Kaliforniji.[8]

Dečak u plavom
UmetnikTomas Gejnsboro
Godina1770
PravacRokoko
Tehnikaulje na platnu
Dimenzije177,8 × 112,1 cm
MestoHantington biblioteka,
San Marino (Kalifornija)[1]

Istorija uredi

Dečak u plavom je najpoznatije Gejnsborovo delo. Mada to nikada nije dokazano, smatra se da je na portretu Džonatan Batl (1752–1805), sin bogatog trgovca. Portret ga prikazuje u odeći s početka 17. veka, a ne iz 18. veka u kom je slika naslikana. Slika se smatra Gejnsborovim omažom Antonisu van Dajku,[9][10][11][12] a naročito je slična Van Dajkovom portretu Čarlsa II kao dečaka, i portretu dečaka obučenog u crveno.

Gejnsboro je već nacrtao nešto na platnu pre nego što je započeo Dečaka u plavom, koji je naslikao preko. Slika je otprilike u prirodnoj veličini, širine 1200mm i visine od 1800mm. Gejnsboro je naslikao portret kao odgovor na savete njegovog rivala, ser Džošue Rejnoldsa,[13] koji je tvrdio da plava boja, kao hladna, ne može da se koristi kao centralna na slici.[14]

Slika je bila u posedu Džonatana Batla do 1796. godine, kada je bankrotirao. Sliku je prvo kupio političar Džon Nesbit, a zatim, 1802. godine slikar portreta Džon Hopner.[15][16][17][18] Od 1809, slika je ušla u kolekciju grofa Grosvenora[19][20][21] i ostala je u posedu njegovih potomaka sve dok je drugi vojvoda od Vestminstera nije prodao trgovcu umetninama Džosefu Duvinu 1921. godine.[22]

Nakon što je bila na raznim izložbama u Britanskom institutu, Kraljevskoj akademiji umetnosti i drugde, slika je postala omiljena u štampanim reprodukcijama,

Slika je, 1919. godine, inspirisala nemačkog filmskog producenta Fridriha Vilhelma Murnaua, da napravi svoj debitantski film Dečak u plavom (Knabe in Blau). [23]

Portret je prodat američkom železničkom pioniru Henriju Edvardsu Huntingtonu što je izazvalo negodovanje javnosti u Britaniji. Prema Duvinovom računu,[24] prodat je za 728.800 dolara (182.200 funti), tada rekordnu cenu bilo koje slike. Prema pomenu u Njjuork tajmsu, od 11. novembra 1921, otkupna cena je bila 640.000 dolara, što bi u 2019. bilo 9,17 miliona dolara.[25]

Pre odlaska u Kaliforniju 1922. godine, Dečak u plavom je nakratko izložen u Nacionalnoj galeriji u Londonu[26][27] gde je videlo 90.000 ljudi. Direktor galerije Čarls Holmes napisao je oproštajne reči na poleđini slike: "Au Revoir, C.H."[28]

Upravo je ova slika pokrenula pop umetnika Roberta Raušenberga da se bavi slikarstvom. [29] Često je uparen sa slikom Tomasa Lorensa nazvanom Pinki koja stoji suprotno od nje u biblioteci Hantington.

Vidi još uredi

Reference uredi

  1. ^ Children's Encyclopædia Britannica. 8. London. 1969. str. 12; see plate. 
  2. ^ Roya Nikkhah (25. 11. 2012). „Reynolds and Gainsborough - artistic rivals' reconciliation revealed in Royal Academy show” . The Daily Telegraph. Arhivirano iz originala 12. 1. 2022. g. Pristupljeno 9. 10. 2018. 
  3. ^ Steven A. Nash; Lynn Federle Orr; California Palace of the Legion of Honor; Marion C. Stewart (1999). Masterworks of European Painting in the California Palace of the Legion of Honor. Hudson Hills. str. 111. ISBN 9781555951825. 
  4. ^ Mary Woodall (1939). Gainsborough's Landscape Drawings. Faber & Faber. str. 1. 
  5. ^ „Synchrotron light unveils oil in ancient Buddhist paintings from Bamiyan”. www.esrf.eu (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 12. 4. 2020. 
  6. ^ „Afghan caves hold world's first oil paintings: expert”. www.abc.net.au. 25. 1. 2008. 
  7. ^ April 2008, Live Science Staff 22 (22. 4. 2008). „Earliest Oil Paintings Discovered”. livescience.com. 
  8. ^ „Jonathan Buttal: The Blue Boy (c 1770)”. The Huntington Library. Arhivirano iz originala 19. 6. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 7. 12. 2009. 
  9. ^ „Anthony van Dyck”. Netherlands Institute of Art. Pristupljeno 20. 3. 2021. 
  10. ^ Cotter, Holland (29. 7. 2005). „Desperately Painting the Plague”. The New York Times. 
  11. ^ Bailey, Gauvin Alexander (1. 3. 2012). „Van Dyck in Sicily: while the plague held Palermo in its grip, Anthony van Dyck radically developed 12th-century iconography of Saint Rosalie through five paintings that imbued the saint with a sensual refinement. Van Dyck's Rosalie became one of Catholicism's most popular images of victory over pestilence, and represents a key period in the artist's development”. Apollo. 175 (596): 116—122 — preko go.gale.com. 
  12. ^ „2012: Van Dyck in Sicily | Dulwich Picture Gallery”. www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk. 
  13. ^ Gower, Ronald Sutherland (1903). Thomas Gainsborough. G. Bell and Sons. str. 77–78. Pristupljeno 2. 10. 2012 — preko Google Books. 
  14. ^ Asleson, Robyn; Bennett, Shelley (2001). British paintings at The Huntington. New Haven: Published by the Huntington Library, Art collections, and Botanical Gardens. str. 107. ISBN 0-300-09056-0. 
  15. ^ Hoppner, John. Oriental Tales (London: J. Hatchard, 1805).
  16. ^ Cole, Timothy. Old English Masters (New York : The Century Co., 1902) p. 91 ff.
  17. ^ Skipton, H. P. K. John Hoppner (Methuen & Co, 1905)
  18. ^ McKay, William & Roberts, William. John Hoppner (John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1909)
  19. ^ „Grosvenor, the Hon. Robert, afterwards Marquess of Westminster (GRSR783R)”. Kembridž baza podataka alumnista. Univerzitet u Kembridžu. 
  20. ^ Tedder, H. R., rev. H. C. G. Matthew (2004) 'Grosvenor, Robert, first marquess of Westminster (1767–1845)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 12 April 2010. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  21. ^ Newton, Diana; Lumby, Jonathan (2002), The Grosvenors of Eaton, Eccleston, Cheshire: Jennet Publications, ISBN 0-9543379-0-5 
  22. ^ „Duveens offer a Reynolds to Louvre”. New York Times. 19. 10. 1921. 
  23. ^ Bock, Hans-Michael (2009). Hans-Michael Bock, Tim Bergfelder, ur. The concise Cinegraph: encyclopaedia of German cinema. Berghahn Books. str. 334. ISBN 978-1-57181-655-9. 
  24. ^ Thorpe, James Ernest, Henry Edwards Huntington, A Biography, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994, p. 438.
  25. ^ „WolframAlpha conversion”. 
  26. ^ „Constitution”. The National Gallery. Arhivirano iz originala 6. 4. 2010. g. 
  27. ^ „A speech by HRH The Prince of Wales at the 150th anniversary of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), Royal Gala Evening at Hampton Court Palace”. Arhivirano iz originala 27. 9. 2007. g. Pristupljeno 16. 6. 2007. 
  28. ^ „'Blue Boy's' Transfer Begins in Secrecy” (PDF). The New York Times. 26. 1. 1922. Pristupljeno 7. 12. 2009. 
  29. ^ Tuchman, Phyllis (16. 5. 2008). „The Invincible Robert Rauschenberg”. Obit Magazine. Arhivirano iz originala 22. 07. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 6. 12. 2009. 

Literatura uredi

  • Conisbee, Philip (2003). „The Ones That Got Away”. Ur.: Verdi, Richard. Saved! 100 Years of the National Art Collection Fund. London: Scala. 
  • Conlin, Jonathan (2006). The Nation's Mantelpiece: A history of the National Gallery. London: Pallas Athene. 
  • Thicknesse, Philip (1790). Life of Sir Thomas Gainsborough. 
  • Tyler, David (2004). „Jonathan Buttall”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
  • Failing, Patricia (1983). Best-Loved Art from American Museums. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. 
  • Pomeroy, Elizabeth (1983). The Huntington: Library, Art Gallery, Botanical Gardens. London: Scala/Philip Wilson. 
  • Ritchie, Ward (1986). The Huntington Art Collections: A Handbook. San Marino, California: The Huntington Library. 
  • Wilson, William (1984). The Los Angeles Times Book of California Museums. New York: Harry Abrams, Inc. 
  • Secrest, Meryle (2004). Duveen: A Life in Art. New York: Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-0-226-74415-5. 
  • Susan Sloman: Gainsborough’s ’Blue boy’. In: The Burlington magazine 155, Nr. 1321, 2013, S. 231–237.
  • Thomas Gainsborough, William T. Whitley, (John Murray, 1915)
  • Gainsborough, Ellis Waterhouse, (Edward Hulton, 1958) – the standard catalogue of the portraits etc.
  • The Letters of Thomas Gainborough, ed. Mary Woodall, (Cupid Press, 1963)
  • The Drawings of Thomas Gainsborough, John Hayes, (Two volumes, Zwemmer, 1970) – the standard catalogue of the drawings
  • Gainsborough as Printmaker, John Hayes, (Zwemmer, 1971) – the standard catalogue of the prints
  • Gainsborough, John Hayes, (Phaidon, 1975)
  • Gainsborough & Reynolds in the British Museum, ed. Timothy Clifford, Antony Grffiths and Martin Royalton-Kisch, (BMP, 1978)
  • Thomas Gainborough, John Hayes, (Tate Gallery, 1981)
  • The Landscape Paintings of Thomas Gainsborough, John Hayes (Two volumes, Sotheby's, 1982) – the standard catalogue on the landscape paintings
  • Thomas Gainsborough: His Life and Art, Jack Lindsay, (HarperCollins, 1982)
  • A Nest of Nightingales: Thomas Gainsborough, The Linley Sisters. Paintings and their Context II, ed. Giles Waterfield, (Dulwich PIcture Gallery, 1988)
  • The Paintings of Thomas Gainborough, Malcolm Cormack, (Cambridge University Press, 1991)
  • Gainsborough & Reynolds: Contrasts in Royal Patronage, exhibition catalogue, (Queen's Gallery, 1994)
  • Gainsborough's Vision, Amal Asfour and Paul Williamson (Liverpool University Press, 1999)
  • The Art of Thomas Gainborough: A little business for the Eye, Michael Rosenthal, (Yale University Press, 1999)
  • The Letters of Thomas Gainsborough, ed. John Hayes (Yale University Press, 2001)
  • Gainsborough, eds. Michael Rosenthal and Martin Myrone, (Tate, 2002)
  • Gainsborough in Bath, Susan Sloman, (Yale University Press, 2002)
  • Gainsborough, William Vaughan, (World of Art, Thames & Hudson, 2002) – the most accessible introduction
  • Sensation & Sensibility: Viewing Gainsborough's Cottage Door, ed. Ann Bermingham (Yale University Press, 2005)
  • Thomas Gainsborough's First Self-portrait, Stephen Conrad, in The British Art Journal, Vol. XII, No. 1, Summer 2011, pp. 52–59
  • Thomas Gainsborough and the Modern Woman, ed. Benedict Leca, (Giles, 2011)
  • Gainsborough's Landscapes: Themes and Variations, Susan Sloman, (Philip Wilson, 2012)
  • Gainsborough: A Portrait, James Hamilton, (W&N, 13 July 2017)
  •   Monkhouse, William Cosmo (1889). „Gainsborough, Thomas”. Ur.: Stephen, Leslie. Rečnik nacionalne biografije. 20. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 
  • Rossetti, William Michael (1911). „Gainsborough, Thomas”. Encyclopædia Britannica (na jeziku: engleski). 11 (11 izd.). str. 388—389. 
  • „Thomas Gainsborough”. National Gallery of Art. Arhivirano iz originala 13. 12. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 10. 12. 2011. 
  • The dictionary of art (volume 11 Ferrara-Gainsborough). Turner, Jane, 1956-. New York: Grove. 1996. str. 907. ISBN 978-1884446009. OCLC 34409675. 

Spoljašnje veze uredi

  • The Blue Boy im online-Katalog der Huntington Collections
  • Werner Busch, Gainsboroughs Blue Boy – Sinnstiftung durch Farbe in Städel-Jahrbuch, NF 17 (1999), S. 331–348 (online, PDF)
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