Martini
Martini (engl. Martini) je koktel[1][2][3] koji se pravi od džina[4][5] i vermuta.[6] Ponekad, votka je zamena za džin, iako je to pravilno naziva votka martini ili votkatini. Pije se skoro uvek sa maslinkom ili, ređe sa kriškom limuna. To je često opisan kao „Krisp martini“.
H. L. Menken je nazvao martini „jedinim američkim izumom savršenim kao sonet“,[7] a E. B. Vajt ga je nazvao „eliksirom tišine“.[8]
Tokom godina, martini je postao jedan od najpoznatije mešanih alkoholnih pića. H. L. Mencken jednom je nazivao Martini „jedinim američkim izumom koji je savršen kao sonet“, a E. Uhite ga je nazvao „eliksirom za mir“. Martini je jedan od šest osnovnih pića navedenih u Dejvid A. Embarijevom „Umeću mešanja pića“. Takođe su poznate čuvene reči Džejmsa Bonda:
Martini. Mućkan, ne mešan.
Priprema
uredi
Do 1922. martini je dostigao svoj najprepoznatljiviji oblik u kome se londonski suvi džin i suvi vermut kombinuju u odnosu 2:1, mešaju u čaši za mešanje sa kockicama leda, uz opcioni dodatak narandže ili aromatičnog bitera, a zatim proceđuju u ohlađenoj čaši za koktel.[9] Vremenom je generalno očekivani ukras postao izbor korisnika: zelena maslina ili kora limuna.
Suvi martini se pravi sa malo vermuta ili bez njega.[10] Naručivanje martinija „ekstra suv“ će rezultirati u još manje ili bez dodavanja vermuta. Do burnih dvadesetih, to je postala uobičajena narudžba pića. Tokom 20. veka, količina vermuta je stalno opadala. Tokom 1930-ih odnos je bio 3:1 (džin prema vermutu), a tokom 1940-ih taj odnos je bio 4:1. Tokom druge polovine 20. veka, 5:1 ili 6:1 suvi martini se smatra normom.[11] Sušnije varijacije mogu da idu na 8:1, 12:1, 15:1 („Montgomeri“, nakon navodne sklonosti britanskog feldmaršala Bernarda Montgomerija da napada samo kada je u posedu velike brojčane nadmoći).[12]
Ima onih koji su se zalagali za potpuno ukidanje vermuta. Dramski pisac Noel Kauard je zaslužan za tvrdnju da „savršen martini treba da se napravi tako što se čaša napuni džinom, a zatim maše u pravcu Italije.“[13] Čerčil martini uopšte ne koristi vermut, i trebalo bi da bude pripremljen sa džinom direktno iz frižidera dok se baca pogled na zatvorenu flašu suvog vermuta,[14] ili sa skrivenim naklonom u pravcu Francuske.[15][16]
Vlažni martini sadrži više vermuta; 50-50 martinija koristi jednake količine džina i vermuta. Okrenuti ili obrnuti martini ima više vermuta nego džina. Prljavi martini sadrži malo maslinove turšije ili soka od masline i obično je ukrašen maslinom.[17]
Savršeni martini koristi jednake količine slatkog i suvog vermuta.[18]
Luis Bunjuel je koristio suvi martini kao deo svog kreativnog procesa, redovno ga je koristio da održi „sanjarenje u baru”. On u svojim memoarima nudi sopstveni recept, koji uključuje Angostura bitere.[19]
Godine 1966, Američka asocijacija za standarde (ASA) objavila je K100.1-1966, „Kodeks bezbednosti i zahtevi za suvi martini“, ironičan prikaz o tome kako se pravi „standardni“ suvi martini.[20] Poslednju reviziju ovog dokumenta, K100.1-1974, objavio je Američki nacionalni institut za standarde (ANSI), naslednik ASA, iako to više nije aktivan standard.[21]
Reference
uredi- ^ „The World's Best-Selling Classic Cocktails 2021 – Drinks International – The global choice for drinks buyers”. drinksint.com. Pristupljeno 10. 5. 2021.
- ^ „10 Classic Cocktails”. Allrecipes (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 10. 5. 2021.
- ^ „15 Bubbly Champagne Cocktails”. Allrecipes (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 10. 5. 2021.
- ^ E.U. Definitions of Categories of Alcoholic Beverages 110/2008, M(b), 2008
- ^ Definitions ("Standards of Identity") for Distilled Spirits, Title 27 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 1, Part 5, Section 5.22 ,(c) Class 3, Arhivirano iz originala 07. 01. 2016. g., Pristupljeno 17. 01. 2022
- ^ Jackson, Ron S. (26. 8. 2011). Specialty Wines (na jeziku: engleski) (1st izd.). Netherlands: Elsevier Science. str. 253.
- ^ Edmunds, Lowell (1998). Martini, Straight Up: The Classic American Cocktail (Revised izd.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801859717. LCCN 98018257.
- ^ Conrad, Barnaby, III (1995). The Martini: An Illustrated History of an American Classic. Chronicle Books. str. 10–11. ISBN 9780811807173. LCCN 94017325.
- ^ McElhone, Harry (1922). Harry's ABC of Mixing Cocktails. Dean & Son. str. 67. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 21. 08. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 20. 02. 2022.
- ^ „Shaken or Stirred? A Short History to Celebrate National Martini Day”. The Drink Nation. 19. 6. 2012. Pristupljeno 19. 7. 2012.
- ^ „Drink Recipes: How to Make a Dry Martini, Classic Cocktails”. Thirsty NYC. 6. 2. 2014. Arhivirano iz originala 6. 2. 2014. g. Pristupljeno 6. 2. 2014.
- ^ Taylor, John (19. 10. 1987). „The Trouble With Harry's”. New York Magazine. str. 62.
- ^ Jeffreys, Henry (5. 6. 2015). „The Martini: the epitome of cocktail-hour refinement”. The Guardian.
- ^ „Churchill Martini Cocktail Recipe”. Difford's Guide. Pristupljeno 2021-09-18.
- ^ Bullmore, Joe. „The martini orders of five great gentlemen”. The Gentleman's Journal. Pristupljeno 2021-09-18.
- ^ Wilson, Jason (2007-03-21). „Sometimes, Respect Starts With a Pour Down the Drain”. Washington Post. Pristupljeno 2021-09-18.
- ^ Bloom, Dave (2003). The Complete Bartender's Guide. Carlton Books. str. 95. ISBN 1-84222-736-X.
- ^ „Making the Perfect Martini”. Arhivirano iz originala 04. 04. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 20. 02. 2022.
- ^ Buñuel, Luis (1982). Mon Dernier soupir [My Last Breath] (na jeziku: francuski).
- ^ K100.1-1966 Safety Code and Requirements for Dry Martinis (PDF) (1966 izd.). American Standards Association. 31. 8. 1966. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 02. 12. 2021. g. Pristupljeno 21. 2. 2016.
- ^ K100.1-1974 Safety Code and Requirements for Dry Martinis (PDF) (1974 izd.). American National Standards Institute. 30. 8. 1974. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 26. 12. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 21. 2. 2016.
Literatura
uredi- Hubbell, Diana (23. 2. 2023). „Remembering When Cocktails Were Just Soup”. Atlas Obscura.
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- Polinsky, Simon. "The complete encyclopedia of cocktails: Cocktails old and new, with and without alcohol". Netherlands: Rebo International, 2003.
- Regan, Mardee Haidin. "The bartender's best friend: A complete guide to cocktails, martinis, and mixed drinks". Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
- Thomas, Jerry. "How to mix drinks, or, The bon vivant's companion". London: Hesperus, 2012.
- Brown, Jared (2006). Mixologist. Volume two, The Journal of the American Cocktail. Anistatia Miller. London: Mixellany. ISBN 9780976093718. OCLC 806005376. Arhivirano iz originala 28. 4. 2021. g. Pristupljeno 20. 9. 2020.
- „Pittsburgh's 17 Essential Cocktail Bars”. Good Food Pittsburgh (na jeziku: engleski). 24. 8. 2019. Pristupljeno 10. 5. 2021.
- „The 7 best Beijing bars to have excellent craft cocktails”. Lifestyle Asia Kuala Lumpur (na jeziku: engleski). 11. 7. 2019. Pristupljeno 10. 5. 2021.
- Dangremond, Sam; Hubbard, Lauren (24. 6. 2020). „The Easiest Classic Cocktails to Make at Home”. Town & Country (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 10. 5. 2021.
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- Deegan, Grant (1999). „From the Bathtub to the Boardroom: Gin and Its History”. MY2K: Martini 2000. 1 (1). Arhivirano iz originala 2004-10-22. g.
- Dillon, Patrick (2002). The Much-Lamented Death of Madam Geneva: The Eighteenth-Century Gin Craze. London: Headline Review. ISBN 978-0-7472-3545-3.
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- Baeumer, Ludwig, "Protection of Geographical Indications under WIPO Treaties and Questions Concerning the Relationship Between Those Treaties and the TRIPS Agreement," in Symposium on the Protection of Geographical Indications in the Worldwide Context (held in Eger, Hungary, October 24/25, 1997), WIPO publication No. 760(E), Geneva, 1999.
- Bramley, Cerkia, Estelle Biénabe, and Johann Kirsten, "The Economics of Geographical Indications: Towards a Conceptual Framework for Geographical Indication Research in Developing Countries," in The Economics of Intellectual Property, WIPO, 2009.
- Giovannucci, Daniele et al., Guide to Geographical Indications, Linking Products and their Origins, International Trade Centre (ITC), Geneva, 2009.
- Rangnekar, Dwijen, The Socio-Economics of Geographical Indications: A Review of Empirical Evidence from Europe, UNCTAD-ICTSD Project on IPTs and Sustainable Development Series, Issue Paper 8, 2004.
- Vandecandelaere, Emilie et al., Linking People, Places and Products, jointly published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and SINER-GI, FAO, 2009.
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Adding Value to Traditional Products of Regional Origin: A Guide to Creating a Quality Consortium, Vienna, 2010.
- World Trade Organization (WTO), "Review under Article 24.2 of the Application of the Provisions of the Section of the TRIPS Agreement on Geographical Indications," WTO document IP/C/W/253/Rev.1, 2003.
- WIPO: SCT/3/6: Geographical Indications.
- WIPO: SCT/5/3: Conflicts between Trademarks and GIs, Conflicts between Homonymous
- WIPO: GIs.SCT/8/4: Geographical Indications, Historic Background, Nature of the Right, Existing Systems of Protection, Obtaining Protection in Other Countries.
- WIPO: SCT/9/4: The Definition of Geographical Indications.[1]
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- Palaces of Pleasure: From Music Halls to the Seaside to Football, How the Victorians Invented Mass Entertainment, (2019) Lee Jackson. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-30025-478-4
- Jackson, Lee (2019). Palaces of Pleasure: From Music Halls to the Seaside to Football, How the Victorians Invented Mass Entertainment (na jeziku: engleski). Yale University Press. str. 6. ISBN 978-0-300-24509-7.
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- Escalante, John (1915). Manual del Cantinero. Havana: Modern Imprint.
- Ford, Adam (2015). Vermouth: The Revival of the Spirit That Created American's Cocktail Culture. Woodstock, VT: Countryman Press. ISBN 978-1-58157-296-4.
- Herbst, Sharon Tyler; Herbst, Ron (1998). The Ultimate A-To-Z Bar Guide
. New York: Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0-7679-0197-0. - Jones, Daniel; Gimson, A. C. (1977). Everyman's English Pronouncing Dictionary (14 izd.). London: J.M. Dent & Sons.
- Krader, Kate, ur. (2009). Cocktails '09. New York: Food & Wine Books, American Express Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60320-811-6.
- Meulenbeld, G.J.; Brill, E. J. (1971). The Madhavanidana and its Chief Commentary. Leiden. str. 441.
- Robinson, Jancis (2012). Wine grapes : a complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours. Julia Harding, Jose Vouillamoz. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-1-84614-446-2. OCLC 795857065.
- Walton, Stuart; Glover, Brian (1998). The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Wine, Beer, Spirits & Liqueurs . London: Lorenz Books. ISBN 978-0-7548-0334-8.
- Amerine, Maynard Andrew (1974). Vermouth: An Annotated Bibliography. ANR Publications. University of California (System), Division of Agricultural Sciences. ISBN 978-0-931876-20-2.
- Rizzo, Francesco (1955). La fabbricazione del vermouth (na jeziku: italijanski). Edizioni Agricole.
- Strucchi, Arnaldo (1907). Il vermouth di Torino: monografia, con 18 incisioni e 12 tavole fototipiche (na jeziku: italijanski). Tip. e Litografia C. Cassone.
Spoljašnje veze
uredi
- Gadberry, Brad (2008-01-12). „The Martini FAQ”. Pristupljeno 2008-08-10.
- ^ World Intellectual Property Organization (2021). „Geographical indications An introduction, 2nd edition”. www.wipo.int (na jeziku: engleski). doi:10.34667/tind.44179. Pristupljeno 2021-09-13.