Salto mortal
Salto mortal je test akrobatskog umeća u kojem se osoba okreće skupljajući noge iznad glave. Skok može biti napred, sa strane ili unazad.[1] Postoje brojne varijacije ovih skokova napred i nazad, čije su verzije deo sporta koji se zove trampolining. U ovom sportu postoje četiri varijante skokova:
- Prošireni, u njemu se ne formira ugao između delova tela;
- Grupisani, u njemu je ugao između butina i donjeg dela nogu manji od 90 stepeni, kolena su zatvorena vrhovima prema dole, ugao između nogu i trupa je manji od 90 stepeni, ruke su pričvršćene na telo;
- Napred, sa uglom između tela i butina manjim od 90 stepeni, noge su potpuno ispružene, ruke dodiruju vrh prstiju, glavu se drži u neutralnom položaju;
- Udarac, sa nogama razdvojenim pod uglom većim od 90 stepeni.[2]
Tipovi uredi
Položaji tela uredi
Salto se može izvesti u različitim položajima, uključujući uvučene, pikirane (savijene u kukovima), opkoračene i postavljene (pravo telo).
Pravac uredi
Sport prevrtanja[3][4] ne zahteva od učesnika da kombinuju prednje i zadnje elemente, a većina tumblera preferira prevrtanje ka pozadi, jer je lakše razviti zamah.[5]
Arapska salta počinje unazad, nastavlja se sa pola obrta ka napred i završava se jednim ili više salta unapred. Mogu se trenirati tako što će se početi sa arapskim rolanjem i dodati mu prednji salto.[6] Oni se računaju kao prevrtanje ispred u ženskoj umetničkoj gimnastici[7] i kao nazad u muškoj umetničkoj gimnastici.[8]
Zaokreti uredi
Salta se često završavaju obrtima.[9]
Višestruke rotacije uredi
Do 2003. godine, uvučeni dvostruki salto postao je uobičajen u ženskoj gimnastici.[9] Trostruki leđni salto postoji u muškoj gimnastici, ali se retko se koristio do 2017. godine.[10]
Godin 2019, američka gimnastičarka Simon Bajls bila je prva žena koja se takmičila u leđnom trostrukom dublu: dva salta unazad sa tri obrta u uvučenom položaju.[11][12]
Reference uredi
- ^ „USA Gymnastics | Glossary of Terms”. usagym.org. Arhivirano iz originala 16. 01. 2021. g. Pristupljeno 2019-06-11.
- ^ Kirk, David, 1958- (2004). Senior physical education : an integrated approach (2. izd.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. ISBN 0736052089. OCLC 54994357.
- ^ Grandi, Bruno; Gueisbuhler, André F.; Kunze, Horst (2017-11-01). „Tumbling”. FIG Code of Points - Trampoline Gymnastics (PDF). 2017—2020. str. 19. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 05. 06. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 07. 05. 2023.
- ^ „Tumbling”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 2015-01-28. Pristupljeno 2020-01-11.
- ^ Jones, Henrique; Martinez, José (2022). „Running in Tumbling”. The Running Athlete: A Comprehensive Overview of Running in Different Sports (na jeziku: engleski). Springer. str. 151—152. ISBN 978-3-662-65064-6.
- ^ Brown, James Rollar; Wardell, David B. (1980). Teaching and Coaching Gymnastics for Men and Women (na jeziku: engleski). Wiley. str. 400—401. ISBN 978-0-471-10798-9.
- ^ WAG COP 2022-2024 Section 7 Page 1
- ^ MAG COP 2022-2024, p. 39
- ^ a b Scientific Aspects of Women's Gymnastics (na jeziku: engleski). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. 2003. str. 29—30. ISBN 978-3-8055-7476-1.
- ^ „The Return Of The Triple Back Somersault In Men's Gymnastics”. Deadspin (na jeziku: engleski). 3. 10. 2017. Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2022.
- ^ „The hardest floor skill yet to be performed? Jade Carey's triple-double”. On Her Turf. 24. 6. 2021. Pristupljeno 25. 10. 2022.
- ^ Allain, Rhett. „The Twisty Physics of Simone Biles' Historic Triple-Double”. Wired. Pristupljeno 25. 10. 2022.
Literatura uredi
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- Reid, Heather L. (2016). „Philostratus's "gymnastics": The Ethics of an Athletic Aesthetic”. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. 61. ISSN 0065-6801. JSTOR 44988074.
- „A History of Gymnastics: From Ancient Greece to Modern Times | Scholastic”. www.scholastic.com. Pristupljeno 8. 11. 2019.
- Judd, Leslie; De Carlo, Thomas; Kern, René (1969). Exhibition Gymnastics . New York: Association Press. ISBN 9780809617043.
- Leonard, Fred Eugene (1923). A Guide to the History of Physical Education. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York: Lea & Febiger.
- Barry, William D. (20. 5. 1979). „State's Father of Athletics a Multi-Faceted Figure”. Maine Sunday Telegram. Portland, Maine.
- Artistic Gymnastics History Arhivirano april 4, 2009 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- Matthews, Jill Julius (1990). „They had Such a Lot of Fun: The Women's League of Health and Beauty Between the Wars”. History Workshop Journal. 30 (1). ISSN 1477-4569. doi:10.1093/hwj/30.1.22.
- „USA Gymnastics – FIG ×Elite/International Scoring”. usagym.org. Arhivirano iz originala 04. 08. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 07. 05. 2023.
- „Lost art: Powerhouse physiques winning out over spellbinding grace”. Herald Scotland. Pristupljeno 8. 1. 2022. „Unlike Nadia Comaneci and Olga Korbut, modern gymnasts such as Simone Biles are rewarded for their athleticism more than their artistry... the spellbinding artistry that not only gave the sport its name, but brought it global fame.”
- „Apparatus Norms”. FIG. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 19. 12. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 4. 10. 2009.
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- „Gymnastics For All History –”. FIG.
- „USA Gymnastics women Junior Olympic Program Overview”. USA Gymnastics. USA Gymnastics. Pristupljeno 9. 3. 2019.
- „USA Gymnastics/Men's Jr Olympic Program Overview”. USA Gymnastics. USA Gymnastics. Arhivirano iz originala 30. 03. 2023. g. Pristupljeno 9. 3. 2019.
- „Junior Olympic (JO) Competitive Program | Gymnastics Canada”. www.gymcan.org. Arhivirano iz originala 25. 10. 2021. g. Pristupljeno 2021-05-08.
- „WAG Code of Points 2009–2012”. FIG. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 19. 12. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 2. 10. 2009.
- „USA Gymnastics | FIG Elite/International Scoring”. usagym.org. Arhivirano iz originala 04. 08. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 23. 8. 2019.
- normile, dwight. „It's Time to Really Make the Code of Points Open-Ended”. International Gymnast Magazine Online (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 23. 8. 2019.
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- Bergeron, Michael F.; Mountjoy, Margo; Armstrong, Neil; Chia, Michael; Côté, Jean; Emery, Carolyn A.; Faigenbaum, Avery; Hall, Gary; Kriemler, Susi (jul 2015). „International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development” (PDF). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 49 (13): 843—851. ISSN 1473-0480. PMID 26084524. S2CID 4984960. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094962 . Arhivirano (PDF) iz originala 11. 3. 2017. g.
- Iversen, Rune (jun 2014). „Bronze Age acrobats: Denmark, Egypt, Crete”. World Archaeology. 46 (2): 242—255. S2CID 162668376. doi:10.1080/00438243.2014.886526.
- „redpanda2000”. Arhivirano iz originala 2018-01-14. g. Pristupljeno 2006-03-27.
- „Chinese - Languages and ESL Division - Pasadena City College”. pasadena.edu. Arhivirano iz originala 16. 1. 2022. g.
- Carter, Ernestine; Orlofsky, Fred (1971). „History”. Beginning Tumbling and Floor Exercise . Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 9780534006464.
- Goodbody, John (1982). „The Early Days (to 1896)”. The Illustrated History of Gymnastics . London: Hutchinson Publishing Group. ISBN 0091433509.
- „tumble, v.”. OED Online. Oxford University Press. decembar 2019. Pristupljeno 2020-01-11.
- Loken, Newton C.; Willoughby, Robert J. (1977). „History and Values of Gymnastics”. Complete Book of Gymnastics (3rd izd.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. ISBN 0-13-157172-9.
- „Trampoline Gymnastics: History”. Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique. Pristupljeno 2020-01-11.
- „Gymnastics”. The World Games. Pristupljeno 2020-01-11.
- Gail Dent (2019-06-03). „Acrobatics and Tumbling, Women's Wrestling Get Backing to Join NCAA Emerging Sports”. NCAA.org. Pristupljeno 2020-01-11.
- „Acrobatics and tumbling, women's wrestling added to NCAA Emerging Sports for Women program” (Saopštenje). NCAA. 17. 6. 2020. Pristupljeno 23. 6. 2020.
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- „Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique”. www.fig-gymnastics.com. Pristupljeno 27. 11. 2018.