Univerzalno koordinisano vreme
UTC (engl. Coordinated Universal Time — „Univerzalno koordinisano vreme”) jeste visoko-precizno standardno atomsko vreme koje otprilike prati univerzalno vreme. Bazirano po zakonima raznih zemalja sveta: vremenske zone na Zemlji su prikazane negativno ili pozitivno od UTC vremena. Drugi nazivi za ovo vreme je Zulu, Griničko vreme i -GMT-.
Na primer, u ovoj kutijici piše UTC vreme kada je ova stranica učitana na vaš računar.
Datum i vreme otvaranja ove stranice je: ponedeljak, 11. 11. 2024, u 14:20 UTC časova
Ovo može biti netačno u slučaju keširanja ( )
UTC je sistemsko vreme koje se koristi po mnogim Internet i WWW standardima. Network Time Protocol je podešen da sinhronizuje satove mnogih računara preko Interneta prema UTC-u. UTC se takođe koristi u avijaciji. Meteorološke stanice, letovi i vazdušni saobraćaj, kao i sve mape koriste UTC, da se ne bi pomešalo sa letnjim računanjem vremena.
Zbog praktičnih razloga, razlika između UTC i GMT vremena je jako mala i zbog toga se često koristi naziv GMT, iako, tehnički nije ispravno.
Skraćenica
urediSkraćenica UTC je rezultat kompromisa. Engleski stručnjaci su predlagali skraćenicu CUT („coordinated universal time”), dok su francuski predlagali TUC („temps universel coordonné”). Kako bi standard bio u potpunosti prihvaćen, uzeta je varijanta UTC.[1]
Vidi još
urediReference
urediLiteratura
uredi- Allan, David W.; Ashby, Neil; Hodge, Clifford C. (1997). The Science of Timekeeping. Hewlett-Packard. Application note.
- Allen, Steve (2011a). „UTC is doomed”. Pristupljeno 18. 7. 2011.
- Allen, Steve (2011b). „UTC might be redefined without Leap Seconds”. Pristupljeno 18. 7. 2011.
- Arias, E. F.; Guinot, B.; Quinn, T. J. (29. 5. 2003). Rotation of the Earth and Time scales (PDF). ITU-R Special Rapporteur Group Colloquium on the UTC Time Scale.
- „Aviation Time”. AOPA's Path to Aviation. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. 2006. Arhivirano iz originala 27. 11. 2006. g. Pristupljeno 17. 7. 2011.
- „Bulletin C”. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. 4. 7. 2019.
- Essen, L. (1968). „Time Scales” (PDF). Metrologia. 4 (4): 161—5. Bibcode:1968Metro...4..161E. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/4/4/003. Pristupljeno 18. 10. 2008.
- Finkleman, David; Allen, Steve; Seago, John; Seaman, Rob; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (2011). „The Future of Time: UTC and the Leap Second”. American Scientist. 99 (July–August 2011): 312. Bibcode:2011arXiv1106.3141F. arXiv:1106.3141v1 . doi:10.1511/2011.91.1.
- Guinot, Bernard (avgust 2011). „Solar time, legal time, time in use”. Metrologia. 48 (4): S181—185. Bibcode:2011Metro..48S.181G. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/48/4/S08.
- „History of TAI-UTC”. Time Service Dept., U.S. Naval Observatory. c. 2009. Arhivirano iz originala 19. 7. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 4. 1. 2009.
- Horzepa, Stan (17. 9. 2010). „Surfin': Time for Ham Radio”. American Radio Relay League. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2011.
- Howse, Derek (1997). Greenwich Time and the Longitude . London: Philip Wilson. ISBN 0-85667-468-0.
- „How NTP Works”. NTP: The Network Time Protocol. 28. 7. 2011. See heading „NTP Timescale and Data Formats”.
- „IAU resolutions adopted at the XVIth General Assembly, Grenoble, France, 1976” (PDF). 1976. Resolution no. 3 by Commissions 4 (Ephemerides/Ephémérides) and 31 (Time/L'Heure) (near the end of the document) „recommend that the following notations be used in all languages”, UT0(i), UT1(i), UT2(i), UTC, UTC(i), UT, where (i) is institution „i”.
- „Iceland”. 2011. Arhivirano iz originala 22. 08. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 29. 08. 2020.
- International Bureau of Weights and Measures (10. 10. 2011). „Circular T” (285).
- International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (19. 7. 2011). „IERS Bulletins”.
- Irvine, Chris (18. decembar 2008). „Scientists propose 'leap hour' to fix time system”. The Telegraph. Arhivirano iz originala 11. oktobar 2014. g. Pristupljeno 29. avgust 2020.
- ITU Radiocommunication Assembly (2002). „Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions” (PDF). International Telecommunications Union. Pristupljeno 2. 8. 2011.
- Langley, Richard B. (20. 1. 1999). „A Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO”. Pristupljeno 17. 7. 2011.
- „Leap second decision is postponed”. BBC News. 19. 1. 2012.
- Markowitz, W.; Hall, R.; Essen, L.; Parry, J. (avgust 1958). „Frequency of caesium in terms of Ephemeris Time” (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 1 (3): 105—7. Bibcode:1958PhRvL...1..105M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.1.105. Pristupljeno 18. 10. 2008.
- Markowitz, Wm. (1988). „Comparisons of ET (Solar), ET (Lunar), UT and TDT”. Ur.: Babcock, A. K.; Wilkins, G. A. The Earth's Rotation and Reference Frames for Geodesy and Geophysics: Proceedings of the 128th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Coolfont, West Virginia, U.S.A., 20–24 October 1986. The Earth's Rotation and Reference Frames for Geodesy and Geodynamics. 128. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. str. 413—418. Bibcode:1988IAUS..128..413M.
- McCarthy, Dennis D. (jul 1991). „Astronomical Time” (PDF). Proc. IEEE. 79 (7): 915—920. doi:10.1109/5.84967.
- McCarthy, Dennis D.; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (2009). TIME From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics. Weinheim: Wiley VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-40780-4.
- McCarthy, D.; Guinot, B. (2013). „Time”. Ur.: Urban, Sean E.; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth. Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac (3rd izd.). Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books.
- „Military & Civilian Time Designations”. wwp. Arhivirano iz originala 14. 9. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2007.
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (18. 1. 2011). „Frequently asked questions (FAQ)”. Pristupljeno 17. 7. 2011.
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (19. 3. 2012). „Frequently asked questions (FAQ)”.
- Nelson, G.K.; Lombardi, M.A.; Okayama, D.T. (2005). „NIST Time and Frequency Radio Stations: WWV, WWVH, and WWVB” (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology. (Special Publication 250-67). Arhivirano (PDF) iz originala 26. 6. 2008. g.
- Nelson, Robert A.; McCarthy, Dennis D. (13. 9. 2005). Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the Future of the Leap Second. Civil GPS Interface Committee. United States Coast Guard. Arhivirano iz originala 29. 4. 2011. g.
- Nelson, Robert A.; McCarthy, Dennis D.; Malys, S.; Levine, J.; Guinot, B.; Fliegel, H. F.; Beard, R. L.; Bartholomew, T. R. (2001). „The leap second: its history and possible future” (PDF). Metrologia. 38 (6): 509—529. Bibcode:2001Metro..38..509N. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/38/6/6.
- Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Seago, John H. (avgust 2011). „Time scales, their users, and leap seconds”. Metrologia. 48 (4): S186—S194. Bibcode:2011Metro..48S.186S. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/48/4/S09. Arhivirano iz originala 19. 10. 2012. g.
- Seaman, Rob (2003). „A Proposal to Upgrade UTC”. Arhivirano iz originala 23. 7. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 18. 7. 2011.
- Seidelmann, P Kenneth, ur. (1992). Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac (2nd izd.). Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. ISBN 0-935702-68-7.
- Stephenson, F. R.; Morrison, L. V. (1995). „Long-term fluctuations in the Earth's rotation: 700 BC to AD 1990”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 351 (1695): 165—202. Bibcode:1995RSPTA.351..165S. doi:10.1098/rsta.1995.0028.
- „Standard time”. U.S. Code. Legal Information Institute. 2010. Title 15, Chapter 6, Subchapter IX.
- „TF.460-4: Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions” (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. 1986. Annex I.
- „Time”. International Bureau of Weights and Measures. n.d. Pristupljeno 22. 5. 2013.
- Time Service Dept. (2016). „Leap Seconds”. United States Naval Observatory. Arhivirano iz originala 27. maj 2012. g. Pristupljeno 4. jun 2017.
- United States Naval Observatory. „Universal Time”. Arhivirano iz originala 22. 07. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 10. 10. 2013.
- „Universal Time”. Oxford Dictionaries: British and World English. Oxford University Press. Arhivirano iz originala 12. jul 2013. g. Pristupljeno 6. avgust 2014.
- Williams, Jack (17. 5. 2005). „Understanding and using Zulu time”. USA Today. Pristupljeno 25. 2. 2007.
Spoljašnje veze
uredi- (jezik: francuski) (jezik: engleski) Bureau International des Poids et Mesures UTC/TAI Time Server međunarodni biro za koordinaciju vremena
- (jezik: engleski) Službeni sajt SADa za UTC vreme koristi Java.
- Current UTC time
- Definition of Coordinated Universal Time in German law—ZeitG § 1 (3)
- International Earth Rotation Service; list of differences between TAI and UTC from 1961 to present
- U.S. Naval Observatory: Systems of Time Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (11. октобар 2014)
- W3C Specification about UTC Date and Time and RFC 3339, based on ISO 8601
- Standard of time definition: UTC, GPS, LORAN and TAI Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (17. март 2015)
- What is in a name? On the term Coordinated Universal Time