Јужно острво (енгл. South Island,[1] маор. Te Waipounamu) је једно од два главна острва Новог Зеланда (друго је Северно острво). Има површину од 151.215 km², што га чини дванаестим острвом по величини на свету.[2] Дуж западне обале Јужног острва пружа се ланац планина Јужни Алпи, чији највиши врх је Кук са 3,754 метара изнад нивоа мора. На острву постоји 9 националних паркова, а познато је и по скијалиштима.

Јужно острво
Сателитски снимак Јужног Острва
Јужно острво на карти Новог Зеланда
Јужно острво
Јужно острво
Нови Зеланд
Географија
Координате43° 58′ 59″ Ј; 170° 27′ 00″ И / 43.983° Ј; 170.450° И / -43.983; 170.450 43° 58′ 59″ Ј; 170° 27′ 00″ И / 43.983° Ј; 170.450° И / -43.983; 170.450
Површина150.437 km2
Обала5.842 km
Висина3.754 m
Највиши врхМаунт Кук
Администрација
НЗЕ
Демографија
Становништво1.096.200  (2016.)
Густина ст.0 стан./km2

Први европљани који су стигли до овог острва били су у експедицији Холанђанина Абела Тасмана. Његова два брода су стигла у Златни залив на северу острва децембра 1642. У 19. веку неке мапе су називале острво „Средња земља“ или „Нови Алстер“. На острву живи 1.096.200 људи, што је око четвртина народа Новог Зеланда. У прошлости (19. век) овде је живела већина становништва. Острво је подељено у седам региона: Нелсон, Марлборо, Тасман, Отаго, Кентербури, Западна обала, Јужна земља. Највећи градови на острву су Крајстчерч, Данедин, Инверкаргил, Нелсон, Вестпорт, Хокитика, Бленхајм, Тимару, Оамару.

Пошто је 32% веће од Северног острва, Јужно острво се понекад назива и „копно“ Новог Зеланда.[3] Ono је дом за 23 одсто од 5,1 милиона становника Новог Зеланда. Након златних грозница током 1860-их у раним фазама насељавања земље Пакехама (Европљанима), Јужно острво је имало већину европског становништва и богатства. Популација Северног острва претекла је јужно острво почетком 20. века, са 56% становништва Новог Зеланда које је живело на Северном острву 1911. Насељавање људи и предузећа на северу се наставило и током двадесетог века.[4]

Географија

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Референце

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  1. ^ Reporter, Staff (10. 10. 2013). „Two official options for NZ island names”. The New Zealand Herald. Приступљено 20. 12. 2018. 
  2. ^ „Quick Facts - Land and Environment : Geography - Physical Features”. Statistics New Zealand. 2000. Архивирано из оригинала 8. 4. 2013. г. Приступљено 13. 8. 2012. 
  3. ^ Meier, Cecile (10. 9. 2015). „South Island the true Mainland: Cecile Meier”. Stuff.co.nz (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 13. 4. 2020. 
  4. ^ King, Michael (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland: Penguin Books. стр. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-14-301867-4. 

Литература

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  • The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. „As well as all the Prime Ministers, Māori chiefs, early settlers and sporting legends, this also includes con artists, adventurers and other lesser known but interesting characters from New Zealand's past. 
  • Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. „A work still in progress, this will eventually offer short but comprehensive snapshots of most aspects of New Zealand, past and present. 
  • An authoritative and fairly comprehensive online source. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 
  • „The New Zealand Journal of History”.  complete texts of scholarly articles and book reviews; quarterly since 1967
  • The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. 1897.  Encyclopedia covering people, organisations and places.

Спољашње везе

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