Елохим
Елохим (хебр. אֱלֹהִים) хебрејска је реч која значи „богови” или „божанство”. Иако је реч у множини, у хебрејској Библији она најчешће узима једнину вербалне или прономиналне срочности и односи се на једно божанство,[1][2][3][4] посебно на Бога Израела у величанственој множини.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Види још уреди
Референце уреди
- ^ а б Strong, James (1890). „H430 - 'elohiym”. Strong's Concordance. Blue Letter Bible. Приступљено 1. 8. 2020. „אֱלֹהִים ʼĕlôhîym, el-o-heem; plural of H433 (אֱלוֹהַּ ĕlôah); gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative:—angels, X exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), X (very) great, judges, X mighty.”
- ^ а б „Strong's Hebrew: 430. אֱלֹהִים (elohim) -- God (Strong's Concordance; Englishman's Concordance; NAS Exhaustive Concordance; Brown-Driver-Briggs definition; Strong's Exhaustive Concordance definition; Forms and Transliterations)”. Biblehub.com. 2020. Приступљено 1. 8. 2020.
- ^ а б Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A.; Perkins, Pheme, ур. (2007). „Glossary: "Elohim"”. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha (3rd, Augmented изд.). New York: Oxford University Press. стр. Glossary: 544. ISBN 978-0-19-528880-3. „Elohim. The Hebrew word usually translated "God," though its plural form is sometimes also translated "gods." It is originally a common noun (a god), though it is often used as a proper noun for the God of Israel, even though it is a plural form.”
- ^ а б „Elohim - Hebrew god”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Edinburgh: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 20. 7. 1998. Приступљено 1. 8. 2020. „Elohim, singular Eloah, (Hebrew: God), the God of Israel in the Old Testament. A plural of majesty, the term Elohim—though sometimes used for other deities, such as the Moabite god Chemosh, the Sidonian goddess Astarte, and also for other majestic beings such as angels, kings, judges (the Old Testament shofeṭim), and the Messiah—is usually employed in the Old Testament for the one and only God of Israel, whose personal name was revealed to Moses as YHWH, or Yahweh (q.v.). When referring to Yahweh, elohim very often is accompanied by the article ha-, to mean, in combination, “the God,” and sometimes with a further identification Elohim ḥayyim, meaning “the living God.”
Though Elohim is plural in form, it is understood in the singular sense. Thus, in Genesis the words, “In the beginning God (Elohim) created the heavens and the earth,” Elohim is monotheistic in connotation, though its grammatical structure seems polytheistic. The Israelites probably borrowed the Canaanite plural noun Elohim and made it singular in meaning in their cultic practices and theological reflections.” - ^ Van der Toorn 1999, стр. 352–353, 360–364.
- ^ McLaughlin 2000, стр. 401–402.
Литература уреди
- Strong, James (1890). „H430 - 'elohiym”. Strong's Concordance. Blue Letter Bible. Приступљено 1. 8. 2020.
- Burnett, Joel (2001). A Reassessment of Biblical Elohim. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 9781589830165. OCLC 47689804.
- Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A.; Perkins, Pheme, ур. (2007). „Glossary: 'Elohim'”. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha (3rd, Augmented изд.). New York: Oxford University Press. стр. Glossary: 544. ISBN 978-0-19-528880-3.
- Day, John (2000). Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series. 265. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. стр. 23. ISBN 978-1-850-75986-7. JSTOR 3217888. S2CID 161791734. doi:10.2307/3217888.
- McLaughlin, John L. (2000). „Elohim”. Ур.: Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. стр. 401—402. ISBN 0-8028-2400-5.
- Miller, Patrick D. (2000). The Religion of Ancient Israel. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22145-4.
- Miller, James M.; Hayes, John H. (1986). A History of Ancient Israel and Judah. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664212629.
- Niehr, Herbert (1995). „The Rise of YHWH in Judahite and Israelite Religion”. Ур.: Edelman, Diana Vikander. The Triumph of Elohim: From Yahwisms to Judaisms. Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology. 13. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-390-0124-0.
- Pardee, Dennis (1999). „Eloah”. Ур.: Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter W. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (2nd изд.). Leiden: Brill Publishers. стр. 285—288. ISBN 90-04-11119-0. doi:10.1163/2589-7802_DDDO_DDDO_Eloah.
- Preuss, Horst Dietrich (1995). Old Testament Theology. The Old Testament Library. 1. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. стр. 147—149. ISBN 0-664-21844-X.
- Römer, Thomas (2015). „The God of Israel and His Name”. The Invention of God. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-50497-4.
- Sameth, Mark (2020). The Name: A History of the Dual-Gendered Hebrew Name for God. Wipf and Stock. ISBN 978-1-5326-9384-7.
- Smith, Mark S. (2000). „El”. Ур.: Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. стр. 384—386. ISBN 9789053565032.
- Smith, Mark S. (2003). „El, Yahweh, and the Original God of Israel and the Exodus”. The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. стр. 133—148. ISBN 9780195134803. doi:10.1093/019513480X.003.0008.
- Smith, Mark S. (2002). The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel (2nd изд.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802839725.
- Smith, Mark S. (2010). God in Translation: Deities in Cross-Cultural Discourse in the Biblical World. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-6433-8.
- Van der Toorn, Karel (1999). „God (I)”. Ур.: Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter W. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (2nd изд.). Leiden: Brill Publishers. стр. 352—353, 360—364. ISBN 90-04-11119-0. doi:10.1163/2589-7802_DDDO_DDDO_Godi.
- Vriezen, T. C.; Van der Woude, S. A. (2005). Ancient Israelite and Early Jewish Literature. Превод: Doyle, Brian. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-12427-1.