Борба за инвеституру — разлика између измена
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[[Датотека:Canossa-three.jpg|десно|мини|350п|Хенрик IV и Гргур VII у Каноси, слика Карла Емануела]]
'''Борба за инвеституру''' је најзначајнији конфликт између секуларне и црквене власти у средњовековној Европи.{{sfn|Cantor|1958|pp=8–9}} Почео је у [[11. век]]у као спор између [[Цар Светог римског царства|цара Светог римског царства]] и папе [[Папа Гргур VII|Гргура VII]] око тога ко контролише постављање ([[инвеститура]]) виших свештеника ([[бискуп]]а). Тај спор доводи до готово 50 година грађанског рата у Немачкој у коме побеђују велике војводе и опати, а Немачко царство се распада и не опоравља се до уједињења Немачке у [[19. век]]у.
== Порекло ==
Линија 58 ⟶ 57:
Папе су добиле много већу моћ. Међутим сукоб се није тиме окончао. Поново ће избити сукоби папа и светих римских царева, све док [[Италија]] не буде изгубљена за [[Свето римско царство]].
== Референце ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== Литература ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book
|author=Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
|author-link=Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
|year=1076
|chapter=Henry IV.'s Answer to Gregory VII., Jan. 24, 1076
|editor-last=Henderson
|editor-first=Ernest F.
|title=Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages
|url=https://archive.org/details/selecthistorical00hendiala
|translator-last=Henderson
|translator-first=Ernest F.
|location=London
|publisher=George Bell and Sons
|publication-date=1903
|pages=372–373
|access-date=13 October 2017
|ref={{sfnref|Henry IV|1076}}
}}
* {{cite book
|author=Pope Gregory VII
|author-link=Pope Gregory VII
|year=1076
|chapter=First Deposition and Banning of Henry IV. by Gregory VII., February 22, 1076
|editor-last=Henderson
|editor-first=Ernest F.
|title=Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages
|url=https://archive.org/details/selecthistorical00hendiala
|translator-last=Henderson
|translator-first=Ernest F.
|location=London
|publisher=George Bell and Sons
|publication-date=1903
|pages=376–377
|access-date=13 October 2017
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|year=2010
|chapter=The Investiture Controversy
|editor-last=Slocum
|editor-first=Kenneth
|title=Sources in Medieval Culture and History
|location=Boston
|publisher=Prentice Hall
|pages=170–175
|isbn=978-0-13-615726-7
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Blumenthal
|first=Uta-Renate
|year=1988
|title=The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century
|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Cantor
|first=Norman F.
|author-link=Norman Cantor
|year=1958
|title=Church, Kingship, and Lay Investiture in England, 1089–1135
|publisher=Princeton University Press
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Cantor
|first=Norman F.
|author-link=Norman Cantor
|author-mask={{long dash}}
|year=1993
|title=The Civilization of the Middle Ages
|publisher=HarperCollins
<!--pp. 265–76, 284–88-->
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Cowdrey
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|author-link=Herbert Edward John Cowdrey
|year=1998
|title=Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
|last=Floto
|year=1891
|title=Gregory VII
|editor-last=Schaff
|editor-first=Philip
|editor-link=Philip Schaff
|encyclopedia=Religious Encyclopedia: or Dictionary of Biblical, Historical, Doctrinal, and Practical Theology
|url=https://archive.org/details/religiousencyclo02herz
|volume=2
|edition=3rd
|location=New York
|publisher=Funk & Wagnalls Company
|pages=910–912
|access-date=13 October 2017
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Fuhrmann
|first=Horst
|year=1986
|title=Germany in the High Middle Ages c. 1050–1200
|translator-last=Reuter
|translator-first=Timothy
|translator-link=Timothy Reuter
|location=Cambridge, England
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|publication-date=2001
|isbn=978-0-521-31980-5
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
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|year=1963
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|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Jolly
|first=Karen Louise
|year=1997
|title=Tradition & Diversity: Christianity in a World Context to 1500
|publisher=ME Sharpe
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite Catholic Encyclopedia
|last=Löffler
|first=Klemens
|wstitle=Conflict of Investitures
|volume=8
|pages=84–89
|access-date=13 October 2017
|noicon=yes
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=McCarthy
|first=T. J. H.
|year=2014
|title=Chronicles of the Investiture Contest: Frutolf of Michelsberg and His Continuators
|location=Manchester
|publisher=Manchester Medieval Sources
|isbn=978-0-7190-8470-6
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Metz
|first=René
|year=1960
|title=What Is Canon Law?
|series=[[Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism|The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism]]
|volume=80
|translator-last=Derrick
|translator-first=Michael
|location=New York
|publisher=Hawthorn Books
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|year=1971
|editor-last=Morrison
|editor-first=Karl F.
|editor-link=Karl F. Morrison
|title=The Investiture Controversy: Issues, Ideas, and Results
|publisher=Holt McDougal
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Rubenstein
|first=Jay
|author-link=Jay Rubenstein
|year=2011
|title=Armies of Heaven: The First Crusade and the Quest for Apocalypse
|location=New York
|publisher=Basic Books
|isbn=978-0-465-01929-8
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Tellenbach
|first=Gerd
|author-link=Gerd Tellenbach
|year=1993
|title=The Western Church from the Tenth to the Early Twelfth Century
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last1=Thompson
|first1=James Westfall
|author1-link=James Westfall Thompson
|last2=Johnson
|first2=Edgar Nathaniel
|year=1937
|title=An Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300–1500
<!-- pp. 380–90 -->
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|year=2007
|chapter=Selected Sources: Empire and Papacy
|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1l.asp
|editor-last=Halsall
|editor-first=Paul
|title=Internet Medieval Sourcebook
|location=New York
|publisher=Fordham University
|access-date=13 October 2017
}}
* {{cite book
|year=1122
|chapter=Concordat of Worms, Sept. 23, 1122
|editor-last=Henderson
|editor-first=Ernest F.
|title=Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages
|url=https://archive.org/details/selecthistorical00hendiala
|translator-last=Henderson
|translator-first=Ernest F.
|location=London
|publisher=George Bell and Sons
|publication-date=1903
|pages=408–409
|access-date=13 October 2017
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|author=Pope Gregory VII
|author-link=Pope Gregory VII
|year=1078
|chapter=Decree of Nov. 19th, 1078, Forbidding Lay Investiture
|editor-last=Henderson
|editor-first=Ernest F.
|title=Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages
|url=https://archive.org/details/selecthistorical00hendiala
|translator-last=Henderson
|translator-first=Ernest F.
|location=London
|publisher=George Bell and Sons
|publication-date=1903
|page=365
|access-date=13 October 2017
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|author=Pope Gregory VII
|author-link=Pope Gregory VII
|author-mask={{long dash}}
|year=1080
|chapter=Second Banning and Dethronement of Henry IV., through Gregory VII., March 7th, 1080
|editor-last=Henderson
|editor-first=Ernest F.
|title=Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages
|url=https://archive.org/details/selecthistorical00hendiala
|translator-last=Henderson
|translator-first=Ernest F.
|location=London
|publisher=George Bell and Sons
|publication-date=1903
|pages=388–391
|access-date=13 October 2017
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book
|author=Pope Gregory VII
|author-link=Pope Gregory VII
|author-mask={{long dash}}
|year=1903
|chapter=The Dictate of the Pope
|editor-last=Henderson
|editor-first=Ernest F.
|title=Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages
|url=https://archive.org/details/selecthistorical00hendiala
|translator-last=Henderson
|translator-first=Ernest F.
|location=London
|publisher=George Bell and Sons
|publication-date=1903
|pages=366–367
|access-date=13 October 2017
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
|last=Blumenthal
|first=Uta-Renate
|year=2016
|title=Investiture Controversy
|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Investiture-Controversy
|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]
|access-date=13 October 2017
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
|year=2007
|title=Investiture
|url=http://www.bartleby.com/65/in/investit.html
|encyclopedia=[[Columbia Encyclopedia|The Columbia Encyclopedia]]
|edition=6th
|location=New York
|publisher=Columbia University Press
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005510/http://www.bartleby.com/65/in/investit.html
|archive-date=21 February 2009
|access-date=13 October 2017
}}
* {{cite web
|last=Nelson
|first=Lynn H.
|title=The Owl, the Cat, and the Investiture Controversy
|url=http://the-orb.net/textbooks/nelson/investiture.html
|work=Lectures for a Medieval Survey
|publisher=On-line Reference Book for Medieval Studies
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215144418/http://the-orb.net/textbooks/nelson/investiture.html
|archive-date=15 February 2015
|access-date=13 October 2017
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Schroeder
|first=H. J.
|year=1937
|chapter=The Ninth General Council (1123)
|title=Disciplinary Decrees of the General Councils: Text, Translation, and Commentary
|url=https://archive.org/details/DisciplinaryCouncils
|location=St. Louis, Missouri
|publisher=B. Herder Book Co.
|pages=177–194
|access-date=13 October 2017
}}
* {{cite Catholic Encyclopedia
|last=Van Hove
|first=Alphonse
|wstitle=Canonical Investiture
|volume=8
|page=84
|access-date=13 October 2017
|noicon=yes
}}
{{refend}}
[[Категорија:Борба за инвеституру|*]]
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