Стваралаштво — разлика између измена

In a summary of scientific research into creativity, Michael Mumford suggested: "Over the course of the last decade, however, we seem to have reached a general agreement that creativity involves the production of novel, useful products" (Mumford, 2003, p.&nbsp;110),<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mumford | first1 = M. D. | year = 2003 | title = Where have we been, where are we going? Taking stock in creativity research | url = | journal = [[Creativity Research Journal]] | volume = 15 | issue = 2–3| pages = 107–120 | doi=10.1080/10400419.2003.9651403}}</ref> or, in [[Robert Sternberg]]'s words, the production of "something original and worthwhile".<ref name="Sternberg Cognitive Psychology 2011">{{cite book|last1=Sternberg|first1=Robert J.|title=Cognitive Psychology|date=2011|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-133-38701-5|page=479|edition=6|chapter=Creativity}}</ref> Authors have diverged dramatically in their precise definitions beyond these general commonalities: Peter Meusburger reckons that over a hundred different analyses can be found in the literature.<ref name="Meusburger1">{{cite book|last=Meusburger|first=Peter|title=Milieus of Creativity: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Spatiality of Creativity|year=2009|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-9876-5 |editor=Meusburger, P. |editor2=Funke, J. |editor3=Wunder, E.|chapter=Milieus of Creativity: The Role of Places, Environments and Spatial Contexts}}</ref> As an illustration, one definition given by [[Ellis Paul Torrance|Dr. E. Paul Torrance]] described it as "a process of becoming sensitive to problems, deficiencies, gaps in knowledge, missing elements, disharmonies, and so on; identifying the difficulty; searching for solutions, making guesses, or formulating hypotheses about the deficiencies: testing and retesting these hypotheses and possibly modifying and retesting them; and finally communicating the results."<ref name="Torrance Test Manual Verbal">{{cite book|last1=Torrance|first1=Paul|title=The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Norms-Technical Manual Research Edition|publisher=Personnel Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|page=6|chapter=Verbal Tests. Forms A and B-Figural Tests, Forms A and B.}}</ref>▼

Creativity in general is usually distinguished from [[innovation]] in particular, where the stress is on implementation. For example, [[Teresa Amabile]] and Pratt (2016) defines creativity as production of novel and useful ideas and innovation as implementation of creative ideas,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Amabile |first1=Teresa M. |last2=Pratt |first2=Michael G. |title=The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning |journal=Research in Organizational Behavior |date=2016 |volume=36 |pages=157–183 |doi=10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001}}</ref> while the [[OECD]] and [[Eurostat]] state that "Innovation is more than a new idea or an invention. An innovation requires implementation, either by being put into active use or by being made available for use by other parties, firms, individuals or organisations."<ref>{{cite book |last1=OECD/Eurostat |title=Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation |date=2018 |publisher=OECD/Eurostat |location=Paris/Luxembourg |page=44 |edition=4th |url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/oslo-manual-2018_9789264304604-en}}</ref>▼