Википедија

Tulsidas

хиндуски вишнуистички светац и песник

Tulsidas (hinduski izgovor: [t̪ʊls̪iːd̪aːs̪]; 1532[1]–1623), takođe poznat kao Gosvami Tulsidas,[2] bio je hinduski višnuistički svetac i pesnik, poznat po svojoj predanosti božanstvu Rami. Tulsidas je napisao nekoliko popularnih dela na sanskrtu i avadskom jeziku. On je najpoznatiji kao autor epa Ramačaritmanas, prepričavanje sanskritske Ramajane zasnovanog na Ramovom životu na narodnom govoru hinduskog jezika avadi.

Gosvami Tulsidas
Tulsidas composing the Ramcharitamanas.
Tulsidas komponuje Ramčaritamanas.
Ime po rođenjuRambola
Datum rođenja1532.[1]
Mesto rođenjaTri mesta se spominju kao njegovo rodno mesto. Većina naučnika poistovećuje njegovo mesto rođenja sa Ražapurom, gradom u Čitrakut okrugu, Utar Pradeš
Datum smrti1623 (star 90–91)
Mesto smrtiAsi Gat, Varanasi, Avad Subah, Mogulsko carstvo (današnji Utar Pradeš, Indija)

Tulsidas je proveo veći deo svog života u gradu Varanasi.[3] Tulsi Gat na reci Gang u Varanasiju dobio je ime po njemu.[2] On je osnovao hram Sankatmočan posvećen lordu Hanumanu u Varanasiju, za koga se verovalo da stoji na mestu gde je on video na božanstvo.[4] Tulsidas je započeo predstave Ramlila, narodno-pozorišnu adaptaciju Ramajane.[5]

Poznat je kao jedan od najvećih pesnika u hinduskoj, indijskoj i svetskoj literaturi.[6][7][8][9] Uticaj Tulsidasa i njegovih dela na umetnost, kulturu i društvo u Indiji je široko rasprostranjen i do danas se viđa u narodnom jeziku, Ramlila predstavama, hindustanskoj klasičnoj muzici, popularnoj muzici i televizijskim serijama.[5][10][11][12][13][14]

Reference уреди

  1. ^ а б pp. 23–34.
  2. ^ а б de Bruyn, Pippa; Bain, Dr. Keith; Allardice, David; Joshi, Shonar (2010). Frommer's India. Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America: John Wiley and Sons. стр. 471. ISBN 9780470602645. 
  3. ^ Prasad 2008, стр. 857, quoting Mata Prasad Gupta: Although he paid occasional visits to several places of pilgrimage associated with Rama, his permanent residence was in Kashi.
  4. ^ Callewaert, Winand M.; Schilder, Robert (2000). Banaras: Vision of a Living Ancient Tradition. New Delhi, India: Hemkunt Press. стр. 90. ISBN 9788170103028. 
  5. ^ а б Handoo 1964, стр. 128: ... this book ... is also a drama, because Goswami Tulasidasa started his Ram Lila on the basis of this book, which even now is performed in the same manner everywhere.
  6. ^ Prasad 2008, p. xii: He is not only the supreme poet, but the unofficial poet-laureate of India.
  7. ^ Prasad 2008, p. xix: Of Tulasidasa's place among the major Indian poets there can be no question: he is as sublime as Valmiki and as elegant as Kalidasa in his handling of the theme.
  8. ^ Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism (Encyclopedia of World Religions) (Hardbound, Illustrated изд.). New York City, United States of America: Infobase Publishing. стр. 456. ISBN 9780816054589. „It can be said without reservation that Tulsidas is the greatest poet to write in the Hindi language. Tulsidas was a Brahmin by birth and was believed to be a reincarnation of the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana, Valmikha singh.” 
  9. ^ Sahni, Bhisham (2000). Nilu, Nilima, Nilofara (на језику: Hindi). New Delhi, India: Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd. стр. 78—80. ISBN 9788171789603. 
  10. ^ Lutgendorf 1991, стр. 11: ... – scores of lines from the Rāmcaritmānas have entered folk speech as proverbs – ...
  11. ^ Mitra, Swati (5. 5. 2002). Good Earth Varanasi City Guide. New Delhi, India: Eicher Goodearth Publications. стр. 216. ISBN 9788187780045. 
  12. ^ Subramanian, Vadakaymadam Krishnier (2008). Hymns of Tulsidas. New Delhi, India: Abhinav Publications. стр. Inside Cover. ISBN 9788170174967. „Famous classical singers like Paluskar, Anoop Jalota and MS Subbulakshmi have popularised Tulsidas's hymns among the people of India.” 
  13. ^ Lutgendorf 1991, стр. 411: The hottest-selling recording in the thriving cassette stalls of Banaras in 1984... was a boxed set of eight cassettes comprising an abridged version of the Manas sung by the popular film singer Mukesh... it is impossible to say how many of the sets were sold, but by 1984 their impact was both visible and audible. One could scarcely attend a public or private religious function in Banaras that year without hearing, over the obligatory loudspeaker system, the familiar strains of Murli Manohar Svarup's orchestration and Mukesh's mellifluous chanting.
  14. ^ Lutgendorf 1991, стр. 411–412: On 25 January 1987, a new program premiered on India's government-run television network, Doordarshan... it was the first time that television was used to present a serialized adaption of a religious epic. The chosen work was the Ramayan and the major source for the screenplay was the Manas. Long before the airing of the main story concluded on 31 July 1988, the Ramayan had become the most popular program ever shown on Indian television, drawing an estimated one hundred million viewers and generating unprecedented advertising revenues. Throughout much of the country, activities came to a halt on Sunday mornings and streets and bazaars took on a deserted look, as people gathered before their own and neighbors' TV sets.... The phenomenal impact of the Ramayan serial merits closer examination than it can be given here, but it is clear that the production and the response it engendered once again dramatized the role of the epic as a principal medium not only for individual and collective religious experience but also for public discourse and social and cultural reflection.

Literatura уреди

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  • Dwivedi, Hazari Prasad (2009). हिन्दी साहित्य: उद्भव और विकास [Hindi Literature: Beginnings and Developments] (на језику: Hindi). New Delhi, India: Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9788126700356. 
  • Growse, Frederic Salmon (1914). The Rámáyana of Tulsi Dás (Sixth, revised and corrected изд.). Allahabad, India: Ram Narain Lal Publisher and Bookseller. Приступљено 10. 7. 2011. 
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  • Handoo, Chandra Kumari (1964). Tulasīdāsa: Poet, Saint and Philosopher of the Sixteenth Century. Bombay, Maharashtra, India: Orient Longmans. ASIN B001B3IYU8. 
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  • Lutgendorf, Philip (23. 7. 1991). The Life of a Text: Performing the 'Ramcaritmanas' of Tulsidas. Berkeley, California, United States of America: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520066908. 
  • Lutgendorf, Philip (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey (Illustrated изд.). New York City, United States of America: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309218. 
  • Macfie, J. M. (23. 5. 2004). The Ramayan of Tulsidas or the Bible of Northern India. Whitefish, Montana, United States of America: Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 9781417914982. Приступљено 24. 6. 2011. 
  • Mishra, Jwalaprasad (septembar 2010) [1858]. श्रीगोस्वामितुलसीदासजीकृत रामायण: विद्यावारिधि पं० ज्वालाप्रसादजीमिश्रकृत संजीवनीटीकासहित [The Ramayana composed by Goswami Tulsidas: With the Sanjivani commentary composed by Vidyavaridhi Pandit Jwalaprasad Mishra] (на језику: Hindi). Mumbai, India: Khemraj Shrikrishnadass. 
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  • Publisher, Gita Press (2007). श्रीरामचरितमानस मूल गुटका (विशिष्ट संस्करण) [Śrīrāmacaritamānasa Original Booklet (Special Edition)] (на језику: Hindi) (9th изд.). Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India: Gita Press. ISBN 978-8129310903. 1544. 
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  • Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). „The quest for the legendary Tulsidās”. Ур.: Callewaert, Winand M.; Snell, Rupert. According to Tradition: Hagiographical Writing in India. Wiesbaden, Germany: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 9783447035248. 

Spoljašnje veze уреди

 
Tulsidas na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Преузето из „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tulsidas&oldid=27676046”