Велики прасак — разлика између измена
Садржај обрисан Садржај додат
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Ред 228:
Током 1970-их и 1980-их, разна запажања су показала да у универзуму нема довољно видљиве материје која би објаснила привидну снагу гравитационих сила унутар и између галаксија. Ово је довело до идеје да је до 90% материје у универзуму тамна материја која не емитује светлост нити је у интеракцији са нормалном барионском материјом. Поред тога, претпоставка да је универзум углавном нормална материја довела је до предвиђања која су била у великој мери у супротности са запажањима. Конкретно, данашњи универзум је много квргавији и садржи много мање [[деутеријум]]а него што се може објаснити без тамне материје. Док је тамна материја одувек била контроверзна, о томе се закључује на основу различитих запажања: анизотропије у CMB, [[Velocity dispersion|дисперзије брзина]] [[galaxy cluster|галактичких јата]], дистрибуције структуре великих размера, студија [[Gravitational lens|гравитационог сочива]] и [[X-ray astronomy|рендгенских мерења]] јата галаксија.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pages.astronomy.ua.edu/keel/galaxies/darkmatter.html |url-status=live |last=Keel |first=William C. |date= 2009 |title=Dark Matter |website=Bill Keel's Lecture Notes – Galaxies and the Universe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503112916/http://pages.astronomy.ua.edu/keel/galaxies/darkmatter.html |archive-date=3 May 2019 |access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref>
Индиректни докази за тамну материју потичу од њеног гравитационог утицаја на другу материју, пошто у лабораторијама нису примећене честице тамне материје. Предложени су многи кандидати за физику честица тамне материје, а неколико пројеката за њихово директно откривање је у току.
Поред тога, постоје нерешени проблеми повезани са тренутно фаворизованим моделом хладне тамне материје, који укључују [[dwarf galaxy problem|проблем патуљасте галаксије]]<ref name="Martínez-Delgado">{{Cite book |arxiv= 1009.4505|last1 = Bullock|first1 = James S.|title = Local Group Cosmology|chapter= Notes on the Missing Satellites Problem |pages = 95–122|year = 2010 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139152303.004|isbn = 9781139152303|s2cid = 119270708|editor1-last = Martinez-Delgado|editor1-first = David|editor2-last = Mediavilla|editor2-first = Evencio}}</ref> и [[cuspy halo problem|проблем сингуларног ореола]].<ref name="Diemand2005">{{cite journal |last1=Diemand |first1=Jürg |last2=Zemp |first2=Marcel |last3=Moore |first3=Ben |last4=Stadel |first4=Joachim |last5=Carollo |first5=C. Marcella |author-link5=C. Marcella Carollo |date=December 2005 |title=Cusps in cold dark matter haloes |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=364 |issue=2 |pages=665–673 |arxiv=astro-ph/0504215 |bibcode=2005MNRAS.364..665D |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09601.x |s2cid=117769706 }}</ref> Предложене су алтернативне теорије које не захтевају велику количину недетектоване материје, већ уместо тога модификују законе гравитације које су установили Њутн и Ајнштајн; ипак ниједна алтернативна теорија није била тако успешна као предлог хладне тамне материје у објашњавању свих постојећих запажања.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dodelson |first1=Scott |date=31 December 2011 |title=The Real Problem with MOND |journal=[[International Journal of Modern Physics D]] |arxiv=1112.1320 |doi=10.1142/S0218271811020561 |volume=20 |issue=14 |pages=2749–2753 |bibcode=2011IJMPD..20.2749D |s2cid=119194106 }}</ref>
Линија 325 ⟶ 324:
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* {{cite book | ref=harv |editor-last=Martínez-Delgado |editor-first=David |year=2013 |title=Local Group Cosmology |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-02380-2 |lccn=2013012345 |oclc=875920635}} "Lectures presented at the XX Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, held in Tenerife, Spain, November 17–18, 2008."
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* {{cite book | ref=harv |last=Penrose |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Penrose |year=2007 |title=The Road to Reality |title-link=The Road to Reality |edition=1st Vintage Books |location=New York |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |isbn=978-0-679-77631-4 |lccn=2008274126 |oclc=920157277}} The 2004 edition of the book is available from the [https://archive.org/details/RoadToRealityRobertPenrose Internet Archive]. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
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* {{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Simon |title=Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe |title-link=Big Bang (Singh book) |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0007162215 |edition=Harper Perennial; illustrated |location=New York, New York |language=en |author-link=Simon Singh }}
* {{cite book | ref=harv |last=Weinberg |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Weinberg |year=1993 |title=The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe |title-link=The First Three Minutes |edition=Updated |location=New York |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |isbn=978-0-465-02437-7 |lccn=93232406 |oclc=488469247}} 1st edition is available from the [https://archive.org/details/TheFirstThreeMinutesAModernViewOfTheOriginOfTheUniverseS.Weinberg Internet Archive]. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
{{refend}}
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