Istorija hrišćanstva

Istorija hrišćanstva odnosi se na hrišćansku religiju, hrišćanski svet i crkvu sa svojim različitim denominacijama, od 1. veka do danas.

Apostolsko vreme

Hrišćanstvo je nastalo sа službоm Isusa u rimskoj provinciji Judeji у 1. veku. Prema evanđeljima, Isus je bio jevrejski učitelj i iscelitelj koji je proglasio predstojeće Carstvo nebesko. On je bio razapet na krst oko 30.-33. godine. Njegovi sledbenici veruju da je on potom uskrsnuo iz mrtvih i da ga je Bog uzneo, kao i da će se uskoro vratiti na da uspostavi Carstvo nebesko. Najraniji Isusovi sledbenici su bili apokaliptični jevrejski hrišćani. Usled uključivanja nejevreja, rana hrišćanska crkva se postepeno odvojila od judaizma i jevrejskog hrišćanstva tokom prva dva veka hrišćanske ere.

Godine 313, car Konstantin Veliki izdao je Milanski edikt, kojim je zvanično legalizovao hrišćansko bogosluženje. Godine 380, putem Solunskog edikta koji je objavljen pod Teodosijem I, Rimsko carstvo je zvanično prihvatilo trojstveno hrišćanstvo kao svoju državnu religiju, a hrišćanstvo se uspostavilo kao pretežno nejevrejska religija u državnoj crkvi Rimskog carstva.

Hristološke debate o Isusovoj ljudskoj i božanskoj prirodi okupirale su hrišćansku crkvu tokom nekoliko vekova, a sedam Vaseljenskih sabora je održano da bi se ove rasprave rešile. Arijanstvo je bilo osuđeno na Nikejskom saboru (325), a podržana je trinitarna doktrina kao što je tumačena u Nikejskoj veroispovesti.

U ranom srednjem veku, misionarske aktivnosti širile su hrišćanstvo prema zapadu među germanskim narodima. Tokom kasnog srednjeg veka, istočno i zapadno hrišćanstvo se razdvajalo, što je dovelo do raskola Istoka i Zapada 1054. godine.

Rastuća kritika rimokatoličke ekleziološke strukture i njenog ponašanja dovela je do protestantskog pokreta u16. veku i podele zapadnog hrišćanstva.

Od doba renesanse, sa zapadnim kolonijalizmom, hrišćanstvo se proširilo širom sveta. Danas postoji više od dve milijarde hršćana širom sveta, a hršćanstvo je postalo najveća svetska religija.

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Spoljašnje veze

• History of Christianity Reading Room: Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (28. август 2019) Extensive online resources for the study of global church history (Tyndale Seminary).
• Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Christianity in History
• Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Church as an Institution
• Sketches of Church History Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (22. октобар 2007) From AD 33 to the Reformation by Rev. J. C Robertson, M.A.,Canon of Canterbury
• „Church History”. Encyclopædia Britannica (на језику: енглески). 6 (11 изд.). 1911. стр. 330—45. 
• A History of Christianity in 15 Objects
• American Religion Data Archive
• Early Stages of the Establishment of Christianity
• Theandros, a journal of Orthodox theology and philosophy, containing articles on early Christianity and patristic studies.
• Historical Christianity, A timeline with references to the descendants of the early church.
• Reformation Timeline, A short timeline of the Protestant Reformation.
• Fourth-Century Christianity