Opšta veštačka inteligencija

Opšta veštačka inteligencija (AGI) je vrsta veštačke inteligencije (VI) koja može da radi jednako dobro ili bolje od ljudi na širokom spektru kognitivnih zadataka, za razliku od uske veštačke inteligencije, koja je dizajnirana za specifične zadatke. To je jedna od mnogobrojnih definicija jake VI. It is one of various definitions of strong AI.

Stvaranje AGI je primarni cilj istraživanja veštačke inteligencije i kompanija kao što su OpenAI, Dipmajnd i Antropik. Istraživanje iz 2020. identifikovalo je 72 aktivna AGI R&D projekta u 37 zemalja.

Vremenski okvir za razvoj AGI ostaje predmet stalne debate među istraživačima i stručnjacima. Prema podacima iz 2023. godine, deo javnog mnjenja smatra da bi to moglo biti moguće za nekoliko godina ili decenija; drugi smatraju da bi to moglo potrajati vek ili duže; a manjina veruje da se to možda nikada neće postići. Postoji debata o tačnoj definiciji AGI, kao i o tome da li su moderni veliki jezički modeli (LLM) kao što je GPT-4 rani, nekompletni oblici AGI. AGI je uobičajena tema u naučnoj fantastici i studijama budućnosti.

Postoji spor oko potencijala da AGI predstavlja pretnju čovečanstvu; na primer, OpenAI tvrdi da oni to tretiraju kao egzistencijalni rizik, dok drugi smatraju da je razvoj AGI previše udaljen da bi predstavljao rizik.

Terminologija

Opšta veštačka inteligencija je takođe poznat kao jaka VI, puna VI, veštačka inteligencija na nivou čoveka ili opšta inteligentna akcija. Međutim, neki akademski izvori rezervišu termin „jaka AI“ za kompjuterske programe koji doživljavaju osete ili svest. Nasuprot tome, slaba VI (ili uska VI) je u stanju da reši specifičan problem, ali joj nedostaju opšte kognitivne sposobnosti. Neki akademski izvori koriste „slabu veštačku inteligenciju“ za sve programe koji niti doživljavaju svest niti imaju um u istom smislu kao ljudi.

Povezani koncepti uključuju veštačku superinteligenciju i transformativnu veštačku inteligenciju. Veštačka superinteligencija (ASI) je hipotetički tip AGI koji je generalno mnogo inteligentniji od ljudi, dok se pojam transformativne VI odnosi na VI koja ima veliki uticaj na društvo, na primer, slično poljoprivrednoj ili industrijskoj revoluciji.

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• Marcus, Gary, "Am I Human?: Researchers need new ways to distinguish artificial intelligence from the natural kind", Scientific American, vol. 316, no. 3 (March 2017), pp. 61–63. Marcus points out a so far insuperable stumbling block to artificial intelligence: an incapacity for reliable disambiguation. "[V]irtually every sentence [that people generate] is ambiguous, often in multiple ways. Our brain is so good at comprehending language that we do not usually notice." A prominent example is the "pronoun disambiguation problem" ("PDP"): a machine has no way of determining to whom or what a pronoun in a sentence—such as "he", "she" or "it"—refers.
• Marcus, Gary, "Artificial Confidence: Even the newest, buzziest systems of artificial general intelligence are stymmied by the same old problems", Scientific American, vol. 327, no. 4 (October 2022), pp. 42–45.
• Press, Eyal, "In Front of Their Faces: Does facial-recognition technology lead police to ignore contradictory evidence?", The New Yorker, 20 November 2023, pp. 20–26.
• Roivainen, Eka, "AI's IQ: ChatGPT aced a [standard intelligence] test but showed that intelligence cannot be measured by IQ alone", Scientific American, vol. 329, no. 1 (July/August 2023), p. 7. "Despite its high IQ, ChatGPT fails at tasks that require real humanlike reasoning or an understanding of the physical and social world.... ChatGPT seemed unable to reason logically and tried to rely on its vast database of... facts derived from online texts."

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