Bubašvabe
Bubašvabe (lat. Blattodea, Blataria) ili žohari su red primarno krilatih insekata koji broji oko 3500 vrsta[1], a većina se može pronaći u tropskim predelima, naročito u šumama ekvatorijalnog pojasa. Samo je desetak vrsta uspelo da proširi svoje areale do umerenog klimatskog pojasa.[2] Telo im je slično telu skakavca, ali je dorzoventralno spljošteno. Bubašvabe poseduju velike oči i dve dugačke antene nalik na bičeve.
| Bubašvabe Vremenski raspon: Kasni trijas – sadašnjost
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|---|---|
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| Blaberus giganteus | |
Naučna klasifikacija 
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| Domen: | Eukaryota |
| Carstvo: | Animalia |
| Tip: | Arthropoda |
| Klasa: | Insecta |
| Nadred: | Dictyoptera |
| Red: | Blattodea |
| familije | |
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Blaberidae | |
| Sinonimi | |
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Građa krila kod bubašvaba zavisi od vrste. Kod nekih vrsta krila mogu biti i veoma dugačka, dok su ih neke vrste izgubile. Krila uglavnom služe za kratko jedrenje u vazduhu ili za održavanje ravnoteže. Ženka neko vreme nosi jaja između poslednja dva trbušna segmenta, ali ih konačno na kraju odlaže. Mlade bubašvabe se pojavljuju kao larve, koje podsećaju na odrasle jedinke. Mnoge vrste žive u malim zajednicama od nekoliko insekata iste starosti, a kućne vrste žive u mnogo većim zajednicama koje mogu da broje i do nekoliko hiljada jedinki.
Jedna od kućnih vrsta je obična bubašvaba (lat. Blatta orientalis) koja je prisutna skoro svuda.
Filogenija
uredi| Dictyoptera |
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Familije
uredi- Blaberidae
- Blattellidae
- Blattidae
- Cryptocercidae
- Hodotermitidae Desneux, 1904
- Kalotermitidae Froggart, 1897
- Polyphagidae
- Rhinotermitidae Froggart, 1897
- Termitidae Latreille, 1802
- Termopsidae Holmgren, 1911
Podfamilije
uredi- Apicotermitinae Grassé and Noirot, 1955
- Attaphilinae
- Blaberinae
- Blattellinae
- Blattinae
- Coptotermitinae Holmgren, 1910
- Diplopterinae
- Ectobiinae
- Epilamprinae
- Euthyrrhaphinae
- Foraminitermitinae Holmgren, 1912
- Heterotermitinae Froggatt, 1897
- Holocompsinae
- Macrotermitinae Kemner, 1934
- Nasutitermitinae Hare, 1937
- Nyctiborinae
- Oxyhaloinae
- Panchlorinae
- Panesthiinae
- Perisphaeriinae
- Polyphaginae
- Polyzosteriinae
- Prorhinotermitinae Quennedy and Deligne, 1975
- Pseudophyllodromiinae
- Pycnoscelinae McKittrick, 1964
- Sphaerotermitinae Engel and Krishna, 2004
- Syntermitinae Engel and Krishna, 2004
- Termitinae Latreille, 1802
- Termopsinae Holmgren, 1911
Rodovi
uredi- Amitermes Silvestri, 1901
- Anoplotermes Mueller, 1873
- Arenivaga Rehn, 1903
- Attaphila Wheeler, 1900
- Balta Tepper, 1893
- Blaberus Serville, 1831
- Blatta Linnaeus, 1758
- Blattella Caudell, 1903
- Cahuallitermes Constantino, 1994
- Calcaritermes Snyder, 1925
- Cariblatta Hebard, 1916
- Chorisoneura Brunner, 1865
- Colapteroblatta Hebard, 1920
- Compsodes Hebard, 1917
- Coptotermes Wasmann, 1896
- Cornitermes Wasmann, 1897
- Cryptocercus Scudder, 1862
- Cryptotermes Banks, 1906
- Diploptera Saussure, 1864
- Ectobius Stephens, 1835
- Epilampra Burmeister, 1838
- Eremoblatta Rehn, 1903
- Eurycotis Stål, 1874
- Euthlastoblatta Hebard, 1917
- Euthyrrhapha Burmeister, 1838
- Foraminitermes Holmgren, 1912
- Glyptotermes Froggatt, 1896
- Gnathamitermes Light, 1932
- Hemiblablera Saussure, 1893
- Heterotermes Froggatt, 1896
- Holocompsa Burmeister, 1838
- Hoplotermes Light, 1933
- Incisitermes Krishna, 1961
- Ischnoptera Burmeister, 1838
- Kalotermes Hagen, 1853
- Labiotermes Holmgren, 1912
- Labritermes Holmgren, 1914
- Latiblattella Hebard, 1917
- Laxta F. Walker, 1868
- Lobopterella Princis, 1957
- Macropanesthia Saussure, 1895
- Marginitermes Krishna, 1961
- Microcerotermes Silvestri, 1901
- Myrmecoblatta Mann, 1914
- Nasutitermes Dudley, 1890
- Nauphoeta Burmeister, 1838
- Neoblattella Shelford, 1911
- Neostylopyga Shelford, 1911
- Neotermes Holmgren, 1911
- Nyctibora Burmeister, 1838
- Panchlora Burmeister, 1838
- Paraneotermes Light, 1937
- Parcoblatta Hebard, 1917
- Periplaneta Burmeister, 1838
- Phoetalia Stål, 1874
- Platyzosteria Brunner, 1868
- Plectoptera Saussure, 1864
- Procornitermes Emerson in Snyder, 1949
- Procryptotermes Holmgren, 1910
- Prorhinotermes Silvestri, 1909
- Pseudomops Serville, 1831
- Pterotermes Holmgren, 1911
- Pycnoscelus Scudder, 1862
- Reticulitermes Holmgren, 1913
- Rhyparobia Krauss, 1892
- Sphaerotermes Holmgren, 1912
- Supella Shelford, 1911
- Symploce Hebard, 1916
- Syntermes Holmgren, 1909
- Tenuirostritermes Holmgren, 1912
- Termes Linnaeus, 1758
- Zetha Shelford, 1913
- Zootermopsis Emerson, 1933
Vrste
uredi- Amitermes beaumonti Banks, 1918
- Amitermes coachellae Light, 1930
- Amitermes cryptodon Light, 1930
- Amitermes emersoni Light, 1930
- Amitermes ensifer Light, 1930
- Amitermes floridensis Scheffrahn, Su and Mangold, 1989
- Amitermes minimus Light, 1932
- Amitermes pallidus Light, 1932
- Amitermes parvulus Light, 1932
- Amitermes silvestrianus Light, 1930
- Amitermes snyderi Light, 1930
- Amitermes wheeleri (Desneux, 1906)
- Anoplotermes fumosus (Hagen, 1860)
- Arenivaga apacha (Saussure, 1893)
- Arenivaga bolliana (Saussure, 1893)
- Arenivaga erratica (Rehn, 1903)
- Arenivaga floridensis Caudell, 1918
- Arenivaga genitalis Caudell, 1918
- Arenivaga grata Hebard, 1920
- Arenivaga investigata Friauf and Edney, 1969
- Arenivaga rehni Hebard, 1917
- Arenivaga tonkawa Hebard, 1920
- Attaphila fungicola Wheeler, 1900
- Balta notulata (Stål, 1861)
- Balta similis (Saussure, 1869)
- Blaberus craniifer Burmeister, 1838
- Blaberus discoidalis Serville, 1839
- Blaberus giganteus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Blatta lateralis (F. Walker, 1868)
- Blatta orientalis Linnaeus, 1758
- Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, 1981
- Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Blattella lituricollis (Walker, 1868)
- Blattella vaga Hebard, 1935
- Cahuallitermes aduncus Constantino, 1994
- Cahuallitermes intermedius (Snyder, 1922)
- Calcaritermes colei Krishna, 1962
- Calcaritermes nearcticus (Snyder, 1933)
- Calcaritermes parvinotus (Light, 1933)
- Cariblatta lutea (Saussure and Zehntner, 1893)
- Cariblatta minima Hebard, 1916
- Chorisoneura parishi Rehn, 1918
- Chorisoneura texensis Saussure and Zehntner, 1893
- Colapteroblatta nigra (Brunner, 1892)
- Compsodes cucullatus (Saussure and Zehntner, 1894)
- Compsodes schwarzi (Caudell, 1903)
- Coptotermes crassus Snyder, 1922
- Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909
- Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896)
- Coptotermes testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cryptocercus clevelandi Byers, 1997
- Cryptocercus darwini Burnside, Smith and Kambhampati, 1999
- Cryptocercus garciai Burnside, Smith and Kambhampati, 1999
- Cryptocercus kyebangensis Grandcolas, 2001
- Cryptocercus matilei Grandcolas, 2000
- Cryptocercus primarius Bey-Bienko, 1938
- Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder, 1862
- Cryptocercus relictus Bey-Bienko, 1935
- Cryptocercus wrighti Burnside, Smith and Kambhampati, 1999
- Cryptotermes abruptus Scheffrahn and Krecek, 1998
- Cryptotermes brevis (Walker, 1853)
- Cryptotermes cavifrons Banks, 1906
- Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light, 1921
- Cryptotermes fatulus (Light, 1935)
- Cryptotermes havilandi (Sjostedt, 1900)
- Cryptotermes longicollis (Banks, 1918)
- Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz, 1822)
- Ectobius lapponicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Ectobius pallidus (Olivier, 1789)
- Ectobius sylvestris (Poda, 1761)
- Epilampra maya Rehn, 1902
- Eremoblatta subdiaphana (Scudder, 1902)
- Eurycotis caraibea (Bolivar, 1888)
- Eurycotis floridana (Walker, 1868)
- Eurycotis lixa Rehn, 1930
- Eurycotis opaca (Brunner, 1865)
- Eurycotis tibialis Hebard, 1916
- Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell, 1904)
- Euthlastoblatta diaphana (Fabricius, 1793)
- Euthlastoblatta gemma (Hebard, 1917)
- Euthyrrhapha pacifica (Coquebert, 1804)
- Glyptotermes seeversi Krishna and Emerson, 1962
- Gnathamitermes grandis (Light, 1930)
- Gnathamitermes nigriceps (Light, 1930)
- Gnathamitermes perplexus (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
- Gnathamitermes tubiformans (Buckley, 1862)
- Hemiblablera tenebricosa Rehn and Hebard, 1927
- Heterotermes aureus (Snyder, 1920)
- Heterotermes convexinotatus (Snyder, 1924)
- Heterotermes maculatus Light, 1933
- Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen, 1858)
- Holocompsa azteca Saussure, 1862
- Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius, 1781)
- Hoplotermes amplus Light, 1933
- Incisitermes arizonensis (Snyder, 1926)
- Incisitermes banksi (Snyder, 1920)
- Incisitermes emersoni (Light, 1933)
- Incisitermes fruticavus Rust, 1979
- Incisitermes immigrans (Snyder, 1922)
- Incisitermes marginipennis (Latreille, 1811)
- Incisitermes milleri (Emerson, 1943)
- Incisitermes minor (Hagen, 1858)
- Incisitermes nigritus (Snyder, 1946)
- Incisitermes perparvus (Light, 1933)
- Incisitermes platycephalus (Light, 1933)
- Incisitermes schwarzi (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
- Incisitermes seeversi (Snyder and Emerson, 1949)
- Incisitermes snyderi (Light, 1933)
- Ischnoptera bilunata Saussure, 1869
- Ischnoptera deropeltiformis (Brunner, 1865)
- Ischnoptera nox Hebard, 1920
- Ischnoptera rufa (De Geer, 1773)
- Kalotermes approximatus Snyder in Banks and Snyder, 1920
- Latiblattella lucifrons Hebard, 1917
- Latiblattella rehni Hebard, 1917
- Laxta granicollis (Saussure, 1862)
- Lobopterella dimidiatipes (Bolivar, 1890)
- Macropanesthia rhinoceros Saussure, 1895
- Marginitermes cactiphagus Myles, 1997
- Marginitermes hubbardi (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
- Microcerotermes arboreus Emerson, 1925
- Microcerotermes bouvieri (Desneux, 1904)
- Microcerotermes gracilis Light, 1933
- Microcerotermes septentrionalis Light, 1933
- Myrmecoblatta wheeleri Hebard, 1917
- Nasutitermes colimae Light, 1933
- Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky, 1855)
- Nasutitermes costalis (Holmgren, 1910)
- Nasutitermes ephratae (Holmgren, 1910)
- Nasutitermes mexicanus Light, 1933
- Nasutitermes nigriceps (Haldeman, 1853)
- Nasutitermes pictus Light, 1933
- Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier, 1789)
- Neoblattella detersa (F. Walker, 1868)
- Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll, 1813)
- Neotermes castaneus (Burmeister, 1839)
- Neotermes connexus Snyder, 1922
- Neotermes holmgreni Banks, 1918
- Neotermes jouteli (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
- Neotermes larseni (Light, 1935)
- Neotermes luykxi Nickle and Collins, 1989
- Nyctibora laevigata (Beauvois, 1805)
- Nyctibora noctivaga Rehn, 1902
- Panchlora exoleta Burmeister, 1838
- Panchlora latipennis Saussure and Zehntner, 1893
- Panchlora nivea (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Paraneotermes simplicicornis (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
- Parcoblatta americana (Scudder, 1901)
- Parcoblatta bolliana (Saussure and Zehntner, 1893)
- Parcoblatta caudelli Hebard, 1917
- Parcoblatta desertae (Rehn and Hebard, 1909)
- Parcoblatta divisa (Saussure and Zehntner, 1893)
- Parcoblatta fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner, 1893)
- Parcoblatta lata (Brunner, 1865)
- Parcoblatta notha (Rehn and Hebard, 1910)
- Parcoblatta pensylvanica (De Geer, 1773)
- Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure, 1862)
- Parcoblatta virginica (Brunner, 1865)
- Parcoblatta zebra Hebard, 1917
- Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius, 1775)
- Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister, 1838
- Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville, 1839)
- Phoetalia pallida (Brunner, 1865)
- Platyzosteria soror (Brunner, 1865)
- Plectoptera picta Saussure and Zehntner, 1893
- Plectoptera poeyi (Saussure, 1862)
- Procryptotermes hesperus Scheffrahn and Krecek, 2001
- Prorhinotermes simplex (Hagen, 1858)
- Pseudomops septentrionalis Hebard, 1917
- Pterotermes occidentis (Walker, 1853)
- Pycnoscelus indicus (Fabricius, 1775)
- Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Reticulitermes arenincola Goellner, 1931
- Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar, 1837)
- Reticulitermes hageni Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920
- Reticulitermes hesperus Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920
- Reticulitermes tibialis Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920
- Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks, 1907)
- Rhyparobia maderae (Fabricius, 1781)
- Supella longipalpa (Fabricius, 1798)
- Symploce morsei Hebard, 1916
- Symploce pallens (Stephens, 1835)
- Tenuirostritermes briciae (Snyder, 1922)
- Tenuirostritermes cinereus (Buckley, 1862)
- Tenuirostritermes incisus (Snyder, 1922)
- Tenuirostritermes tenuirostris (Desneux, 1904)
- Termes hispaniolae (Banks, 1918)
- Termes melindae Harris, 1960
- Termes panamaensis (Snyder, 1923)
- Zetha simonyi (Krauss, 1892)
- Zootermopsis angusticollis (Hagen, 1858)
- Zootermopsis laticeps (Banks, 1906)
- Zootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen, 1874)
Reference
uredi- ^ Mišić, Milan, ur. (2005). Enciklopedija Britanika. A-B. Beograd: Narodna knjiga : Politika. str. 186. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.
- ^ „ITIS Standard Report Page: Blattodea”. www.itis.gov. Pristupljeno 10. 5. 2018.
