Zamak Vindzor
Zamak Vindzor (engl. Windsor Castle) je rezidencija britanskih monarha koja se nalazi u Vindzoru, u okrugu Berkšir.[1] Ovaj zamak je poznat kao jedna od tri zvanične rezidencije britanske kraljevske porodice. Najveći je stalno naseljeni zamak na svetu. Površina same građevine je 45.000 m². Zamak na ovom mestu je izgradio Vilijam I Osvajač nakon invazije Normana u 11. veku[2].
Zamak Vindzor | |
Informacije
| |
---|---|
Lokacija | Vindzor, Berkšir |
Status | završena |
Sagrađena | 11. vek |
Korišćenje | Zvanična rezidencija Britanske kraljevske porodice, deo otvoren za posetioce |
Površina | 45.000 m² |
Vlasnik | Britanska kraljevska porodica |
Izgrađen je na veštački napravljenom uzvišenju strateški važnom za kontrolu reke Temze i glavnog puta ka Londonu.[3][4] Prvobitno je bio okružen drvenom palisadom i jarkom, a kasnije su izgrađene kamene zidine u vreme vladavine Henrija I.[5][6] Od vremena njegove vladavine ovaj zamak je postao rezidencija britanskih vladara,[7] što ga čini i najduže naseljenim zamkom u Evropi. Tokom Prvog baronskog rata je odigrao značajnu ulogu. Tada je dva puta bio pod opsadom, ali je uspešno odbranjen.[8] Henri III je tokom 13. veka izgradio luksuznu palatu u okviru kompleksa zamka, dok je Edvard III ponovo sagradio zamak, što je bio najskuplji građevinski projekat neverskog karaktera u srednjovekovnoj Engleskoj.[9] U okviru zamka je u 15. veku izgrađena kapela svetog Đorđa. Tokom vladavine Tjudora zamak je zadržao svoj izgled, ali su Henri VIII i Elizabeta I povećali značaj ovog zamka, jer su ga koristili za održavanje svih značajnih diplomatskih događaja.
Tokom Engleskog građanskog rata korišćen je kao sedište vojske Parlamenta i kao mesto na kojem je Čarls I bio u pritvoru. Čarls II je uz pomoć arhitekte Hju Meja je izvršio rekonstrukciju većeg dela zamka. Nakon perioda u kojem je zamak bio slabo održavan, Džordž III i Džordž IV su u 18. veku rekonstruisali palatu Čarlsa II i time joj dali današnji izgled. Kraljica Viktorija je izvršila samo manje promene na zamku u kojem su tokom većeg dela njene vladavine bili organizovani prijemi povodom raznih svečanosti. Tokom vazdušne bitke za Britaniju u njega se sklonila kraljevska porodica od bombardovanja. U požaru 1992. je pretrpeo značajna oštećenja. Danas je popularna turistička atrakcija u kojoj se organizuju prijemi za strane državnike, i u kojem Kraljica Elizabeta II provodi vikende.
Reference
uredi- ^ Mišić, Milan, ur. (2005). Enciklopedija Britanika. V-Đ. Beograd: Narodna knjiga : Politika. str. 56—57. ISBN 86-331-2112-3.
- ^ Mackworth-Young 1982, str. 6.
- ^ Rowse 1974, str. 12.
- ^ Robinson 2001, str. 13.
- ^ Emery 2006, str. 193.
- ^ Tatton-Brown 2008, str. 18.
- ^ South 1977, str. 35.
- ^ Tatton-Brown 2008, str. 24.
- ^ Brindle & Kerr 1997, str. 39.
Literatura
uredi- Emery, Anthony (2006). Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-44919-9.
- Bickham, George (1755). Deliciæ Britannicæ; or, The curiosities of Hampton-court and Windsor-castle delineated.
- Bold, John; Chaney, Edward (1993). English Architecture Public & Private: Essays for Kerry Downes. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-2141-8.
- Brindle, Steven; Kerr, Brian (1997). Windsor Revealed: New Light on the History of the Castle. English Heritage. ISBN 978-1-85074-688-1.
- Brown, R. Allen (1984). The Architecture of Castles: A Visual Guide. Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-4089-8.
- Castles from the Air. Cambridge University Press Archive. 1989. ISBN 978-0-521-32932-3.
- Mackworth-Young, Robin (1982). The History & Treasures of Windsor Castle. Vendome Press. ISBN 978-0-86565-030-5.
- Robinson, John Martin (2001). Windsor Castle: The Official Illustrated History. Royal Collection Enterprises Limited. ISBN 978-1-902163-21-5.
- Rowse, Alfred Leslie (1974). Windsor Castle in the history of the nation. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-76712-1.
- South, Raymond (1977). The book of Windsor: the story of a royal town. Barracuda Books.
- Tatton-Brown, Tim (2008). „Windsor Castle Before 1344”. Ur.: Munby, Julian; Barber, Richard; Brown, Richard. Edward III's Round Table at Windsor: The House of the Round Table and the Windsor Festival of 1344. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-391-8.
- Barber, Richard. (2007) "The Round Table Feast of 1344," in Munby, Barber and Brown (eds) 2007.
- Barnard, Toby. (2009) "The Viceregal Court in Later Seventeenth-Century Ireland," in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009.
- Bogdanor, Vernon (1997). The Monarchy and the Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829334-7..
- Cantor, Leonard Martin. (1987). The Changing English Countryside, 1400–1700. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7102-0501-8..
- Clarke, John and Ridley, Jasper Godwin (2000). The Houses of Hanover and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Berkeley, US: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22801-6. .
- Colvin, Howard Montagu. (ed) (1973) The History of the King's Works, Volume VI, 1782–1851. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC 77106638.
- Cruickshanks, Eveline., ur. (2009). The Stuart Courts. Stroud, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-5206-7..
- Dixon, William Hepworth (1880). Royal Windsor, Volume IV. London: Hurst and Blackett. Spoljašnja veza u
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(pomoć). OCLC 455329771. - Freeman, Kerin. (2015). The Civilian Bomb Disposing Earl: Jack Howard and Bomb Disposal in WW2. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473825604..
- Ireland, Ken (2006). Cythera Regained?: the Rococo Revival in European Literature and the Arts, 1830–1910. Cranbury, US: Fairleigh Dickinson Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-4078-4..
- Hibbert, Christopher. (2007). Edward VII: The Last Victorian King. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-8377-0..
- Hoak, Dale. (1995) "The Iconography of the Crown Imperial," in Hoak (ed). Tudor Political Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-521-52014-0..
- House of Commons Public Accounts Committee. (2009). Maintaining the Occupied Royal Palaces: Twenty-fourth Report of Session 2008–09, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence. London: The Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-215-53049-3..
- Knox, Ronald and Leslie, Shane. (eds) (1923) The Miracles of King Henry VI. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- MacGregor, Arthur. (2009) "The Household Out of Doors: the Stuart Court and the Animal Kingdom," in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009.
- Munby, Julian; Barber, Richard and Brown, Richard. (eds) (2007). Edward III's Round Table at Windsor. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ISBN 978-1-84383-391-8. .
- Newman, John. (1993) "Hugh May, Clarendon and Cornbury," in Bold and Chaney (eds) 1993.
- Nicolson, Adam. (1997). Restoration: The Rebuilding of Windsor Castle. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 978-0-7181-4192-9..
- Pounds, Norman John Greville (1990). The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: a social and political history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45828-3..
- Pote, Joseph (1755). Les Delices de Windsore: or, a Description of Windsor Castle and the Country Adjacent. Eton: Joseph and Thomas Pote. Spoljašnja veza u
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(pomoć). OCLC 181833487. - Ritchie, Leitch (1840). Windsor Castle, and Its Environs. London: Longman. Spoljašnja veza u
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(pomoć). OCLC 38518607. - Rubin, Miri (2006). The Hollow Crown: a History of Britain in the Late Middle Ages. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-014825-1..
- Senn, Alfred Erich. (1999). Power, Politics, and the Olympic Games. Champaigne, US: Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-0-88011-958-0..
- Shawcross, William. (2009). Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother : the Official Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4050-4859-0..
- Spencer, Charles. (2007). Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-297-84610-9.
- Steane, John. (1999). The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-19788-5..
- Tatton-Brown, Tim. (2007) "Windsor Castle Before 1344," in Munby, Barber and Brown (eds) 2007.
- Thurley, Simon. (2009) "A Country Seat Fit For a King: Charles II, Greenwich and Winchester," in Cruickshanks (ed) 2009.
- Tighe, Robert Richard and Davis, James Edward (1858). Annals of Windsor, Being a History of the Castle and Town, with some Account of Eton and Places Adjacent, Volume II. London: Longman. Spoljašnja veza u
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(pomoć) . OCLC 3813471. - Tite, Catherine (2010). Portraiture, Dynasty and Power: Art Patronage in Hanoverian Britain, 1714–1759. Amherst, US: Cambria Press. ISBN 978-1-60497-678-6..
- Watkin, David. (2005). A History of Western Architecture. London: Laurence King. ISBN 978-1-85669-459-9..
- Williams, Robert Folkestone (1860). Domestic Memoirs of the Royal Family and of the Court of England, Chiefly at Shene and Richmond, Volume 2. London: Hurst and Blackett. Spoljašnja veza u
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(pomoć). OCLC 8987461. - Williams, Neville (1971). Royal Homes. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press. ISBN 978-0-7188-0803-7..
- Wolffe, Bertram. (2001). Henry VI. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08926-4..
Spoljašnje veze
uredi- Zamak Vindzor, Zvanični sajt britanske kraljevske porodice
- Zamak Vindzor, Sajt The Royal Collection – Informacije za turiste o dvorcima u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu