Zamak Vindzor

Zamak Vindzor (engl. Windsor Castle) je rezidencija britanskih monarha koja se nalazi u Vindzoru, u okrugu Berkšir. Ovaj zamak je poznat kao jedna od tri zvanične rezidencije britanske kraljevske porodice. Najveći je stalno naseljeni zamak na svetu. Površina same građevine je 45.000 m². Zamak na ovom mestu je izgradio Vilijam I Osvajač nakon invazije Normana u 11. veku.

Zamak Vindzor
Informacije
Lokacija	Vindzor, Berkšir
Status	završena
Sagrađena	11. vek
Korišćenje	Zvanična rezidencija Britanske kraljevske porodice, deo otvoren za posetioce
Površina	45.000 m²
Vlasnik	Britanska kraljevska porodica

Izgrađen je na veštački napravljenom uzvišenju strateški važnom za kontrolu reke Temze i glavnog puta ka Londonu. Prvobitno je bio okružen drvenom palisadom i jarkom, a kasnije su izgrađene kamene zidine u vreme vladavine Henrija I. Od vremena njegove vladavine ovaj zamak je postao rezidencija britanskih vladara, što ga čini i najduže naseljenim zamkom u Evropi. Tokom Prvog baronskog rata je odigrao značajnu ulogu. Tada je dva puta bio pod opsadom, ali je uspešno odbranjen. Henri III je tokom 13. veka izgradio luksuznu palatu u okviru kompleksa zamka, dok je Edvard III ponovo sagradio zamak, što je bio najskuplji građevinski projekat neverskog karaktera u srednjovekovnoj Engleskoj. U okviru zamka je u 15. veku izgrađena kapela svetog Đorđa. Tokom vladavine Tjudora zamak je zadržao svoj izgled, ali su Henri VIII i Elizabeta I povećali značaj ovog zamka, jer su ga koristili za održavanje svih značajnih diplomatskih događaja.

Tokom Engleskog građanskog rata korišćen je kao sedište vojske Parlamenta i kao mesto na kojem je Čarls I bio u pritvoru. Čarls II je uz pomoć arhitekte Hju Meja je izvršio rekonstrukciju većeg dela zamka. Nakon perioda u kojem je zamak bio slabo održavan, Džordž III i Džordž IV su u 18. veku rekonstruisali palatu Čarlsa II i time joj dali današnji izgled. Kraljica Viktorija je izvršila samo manje promene na zamku u kojem su tokom većeg dela njene vladavine bili organizovani prijemi povodom raznih svečanosti. Tokom vazdušne bitke za Britaniju u njega se sklonila kraljevska porodica od bombardovanja. U požaru 1992. je pretrpeo značajna oštećenja. Danas je popularna turistička atrakcija u kojoj se organizuju prijemi za strane državnike, i u kojem Kraljica Elizabeta II provodi vikende.

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Zamak Vindzor, Zvanični sajt britanske kraljevske porodice
• Zamak Vindzor, Sajt The Royal Collection – Informacije za turiste o dvorcima u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu