Википедија

Kitolov

Kitolov je lov na kitove, najčešće s brodova. Cilj je bio dobijanje kitove masti za gorivo ali je služio i kao industrijska sirovina. Za razliku od kitove masti, kitovo meso je počelo igrati neku komercijalnu ulogu tek pred kraj 20. veka. Osim toga, neki ribari misle da bi kitove trebalo desetkovati jer osim bolesti, nemaju prirodnih neprijatelja pa će destabilizovati ekološku ravnotežu.

Levo, kitolovci sa crnim trupovima. Desno, brod za posmatranje kitova sa crvenim trupcima. Island, 2011.
Ulovljeni kit
Broj ubijenih kitova tokom vremena

Najraniji oblici kitolova datiraju najmanje od oko 3000. godine p. n. e.[1] Priobalne zajednice širom sveta imaju dugu istoriju svakodnevne upotrebe kitova, lova na delfine i korišćenja uginulih kitova nasukanih na obalu. Industrijski kitolov pojavio se sa organizovanom flotom kitolovaca u 17. veku; konkurentnom nacionalnom industrijom kitolova u 18. i 19. veku; i uvođenjem fabričkih brodova zajedno sa konceptom ubiranja kitova u prvoj polovini 20. veka. Do kasnih 1930-ih, više od 50.000 kitova je ubijano godišnje.[2] Godine 1986. Međunarodna komisija za lov na kitove (IWC) zabranila je komercijalni ulov kitova zbog ekstremnog iscrpljivanja većine zaliha kitova.[3]

Savremeni kitolov je predmet intenzivne rasprave. Kanada, Island, Japan, Norveška, Rusija, Južna Koreja, Sjedinjene Države i danske zavisne teritorije, Farska Ostrva i Grenlanda nastavljaju lov u 21. veku. Zemlje koje podržavaju komercijalni lov na kitove, naročito Island, Japan i Norveška, žele da ukinu moratorijum IWC-a na određene zalihe kitova za lov.[4] Anti-kitolovne zemlje i ekološke grupe protive se ukidanju zabrane. Prema uslovima moratorijuma IWC-a, aboridžinski kitolov je dozvoljen da se nastavi zarad izdržavanja.[5] Tokom proteklih nekoliko decenija, posmatranje kitova postalo je značajna industrija u mnogim delovima sveta; u nekim zemljama je zamenilo kitolov, ali u nekoliko drugih dva poslovna modela postoje u neprijatnoj napetosti. Hvatanje živih kitova za prikazivanje u akvarijumima (na primer, kitovi ubice u zatočeništvu) se nastavlja.

Zaštita uredi

Još između dva svetska rata, Liga naroda je pokušala staviti kitove pod zaštitu, i 1935. je stupila na snagu zabrana kitolova, ali je važila samo za njene članice. Kako Engleska i Norveška nisu bile članice Lige naroda, njihove flote kitolovaca su samo imale više posla da zadovolje glad za sirovinama koja je i dalje trajala.

I danas, na temelju prigovora konvenciji o zabrani lova na kitove, Norveška dozvoljava lov na njih.

Tokom 20. veka ubijeno je oko 3 miliona kitova. Postavlja se veliko pitanje da li će se razne vrste kitova uopšte moći oporaviti dovoljno da prežive 21. vek.

Zanimljivosti uredi

Prvi Srbin koji je oplovio svet sredinom 19. veka, Tomo Skalica, opisao je i kitolov u svojim putopisima. [6]

Reference uredi

  1. ^ „whaling”. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 2001. Pristupljeno 16. 5. 2010. 
  2. ^ Francis, Daniel. „Whaling”. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Dominion Institute. Pristupljeno 16. 5. 2010. 
  3. ^ „Commercial Whaling”. iwc.int. 
  4. ^ ABC News. „Japan, Norway Move to End Whaling Ban”. ABC News. 
  5. ^ „Aboriginal substance whaling”. About Whales and Dolphins. Pristupljeno 24. 2. 2016. 
  6. ^ Skalica, Tomo (2007). Galijom oko svijeta. Slavonski Brod: Udruga građana Baština. str. 91. 

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Spoljašnje veze uredi

 
Kitolov na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Китолов&oldid=27555073”