Mit o Romelu

Mit o Romelu, ili legenda o Romelu, je izraz koji koriste brojni istoričari za uobičajene prikaze nemačkog feldmaršala Ervina Romela kao apolitičnog, briljantnog komandanta i žrtve nacističke Nemačke zbog njegovog pretpostavljenog učešća u zaveri 20. jula protiv Adolfa Hitlera, što je dovelo do Romelovog prisilnog samoubistva 1944. godine. Prema ovim istoričarima, koji kritički gledaju na Romela, takvi prikazi nisu tačni.

Opis Romela kao briljantnog komandanta počeo je 1941. godine, uz Romelovo učešće u kreiranju mita, kao komponenta nacističke propagande koja veliča Wehrmacht i uliju optimizam u nemačku javnost. Britanska ratna štampa ga je preuzela i širila na Zapadu dok su saveznici pokušavali da objasne svoju kontinuiranu nesposobnost da poraze sile Osovine u severnoj Africi: Romelov genije su koristili neistomišljenici da protestuju protiv društvene nejednakosti unutar britanske armije te su ga koristile političke i druge vođa poput Čerčila, da smanje klasne tenzije.^[2]

Nakon rata, zapadni saveznici, a posebno Britanci, su Romela prikazali kao „ dobrog Nemca“ i „našeg prijatelja Romela“, blisko pridržavajući se načela mita o nevinom Vermahtu. Njegova reputacija da vodi čist rat iskorišćena je u interesu ponovnog naoružavanja Zapadne Nemačke tokom Hladnog rata i pomirenja između bivših neprijatelja — Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva i Sjedinjenih Država s jedne strane i nove Savezne Republike Nemačke s druge. Biografija iz 1950. Romel: Pustinjska lisica i publikacija Romelovih papira iz 1953. dodali su mitu, koji se pokazao otpornim na kritičko ispitivanje.

Ovo preispitivanje je proizvelo nova tumačenja dela Romela, uključujući njegov odnos spram nacizma, njegove sposobnosti kao komandanta na operativnom i strateškom nivou i njegovu ulogu u zaveri 20. jula za ubistvo Hitlera.

Istoričari i komentatori zaključuju da Romel ostaje dvosmislena figura, koju nije lako definisati ni unutar ni izvan okvira stvorenog mita.

Poreklo

Poreklo mita može se prvo pronaći u Romelovoj težnji za uspehom kao mladog oficira u Prvom svetskom ratu, a zatim u njegovoj popularnoj knjizi Infanterie Greift An (Pešadijski napadi) iz 1937. koja je napisana u stilu koji se razlikovao od nemačke vojne literature. vremena. Knjiga je postala bestseler i navodno ju je pročitao Adolf Hitler.^[3]^[4]

Istoričar Antoni Bivor stavlja početak „legende o Romelu“ 13. maja 1940. godine, tokom bitke za Francusku, kada su Romelove trupe pod vatrom prešle reku Meza i uspostavile mostobrane u Houku i Dinantu.^[5]

Prema Hans Ulrihu Vehleru, prvobitni razlog koji je doveo do Romelovog visokog ugleda u stranim zemljama bio je taj što su ljudi u savezničkim zemljama čuli da se dobro odnosio prema zarobljenim vojnicima.^[6]

Reference

^ Brighton 2008, str. 115.
^ Terry Brighton: "It was suggested that the problem was not an inadequate army but the predominance of upper-class officers in senior posts, and that "If Rommel had been in the British Army he would still have been a sergeant." Churchill, fighting for his survival, deflected attention from the failings of British generals by stressing the extraordinary qualities of their opponent: "We have a very daring and skilful opponent against us, and, may I say across the havoc of war, a great general.""^[1]
^ Watson 1999, str. 157–158.
^ Caddick-Adams 2012, str. 471–472.
^ Beevor 2012, str. 89–90.
^ „Der Mann wusste, dass der Krieg verloren ist”. Frankfurter Allgemeine (na jeziku: nemački). 3. 11. 2012. Pristupljeno 15. 6. 2016. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

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Dodatna literatura

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[FOOTNOTEBrighton2008115-1] Brighton 2008, str. 115.

[2] Terry Brighton: "It was suggested that the problem was not an inadequate army but the predominance of upper-class officers in senior posts, and that "If Rommel had been in the British Army he would still have been a sergeant." Churchill, fighting for his survival, deflected attention from the failings of British generals by stressing the extraordinary qualities of their opponent: "We have a very daring and skilful opponent against us, and, may I say across the havoc of war, a great general.""^[1]

[FOOTNOTEWatson1999157–158-3] Watson 1999, str. 157–158.

[FOOTNOTECaddick-Adams2012471–472-4] Caddick-Adams 2012, str. 471–472.

[FOOTNOTEBeevor201289–90-5] Beevor 2012, str. 89–90.

[FrankAllg112012-6] „Der Mann wusste, dass der Krieg verloren ist”. Frankfurter Allgemeine (na jeziku: nemački). 3. 11. 2012. Pristupljeno 15. 6. 2016. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

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