Montevidejska konvencija

Montevidejska konvencija jedan je od retkih međunarodnih dokumenata sa spiskom potrebnih atributa koji definišu osobine države po međunarodnom javnom pravu. Dokumenat je potpisan 1933. godine u Montevideu. Liga naroda ga je ratifikovala početkom 1936. godine.^[1]

Međunarodna zajednica još uvek nije postigla konsenzus o mehanizmima međunarodnog pravnog priznanja.

Konvencija

U XIX veku se smatralo da je suverena država ona koja ima politički značaj i status zasnovan na "propisima koje koristi kao običajno pravo“. Međutim, ova doktrina je veoma nejasna i neizvesna, jer su kriterijumi "političkog priznanja" od zaraćenih strana mogla da se tretiraju na svoju ruku.

Ovo pitanje je aktuelizovano u HH veku sa priznavanjem pravnih subjektiviteta država, kada je međunarodni pravni sistem, dosegao takav redosled događaja. Zaista, od početka 1919. godine došlo je do formiranja globalnih konferencija kao što je Liga naroda, a organizatori su morali da vode računa o tome ko treba da bude pozvan na takve konferencije i ko može postati član Lige.

Kriterijumi

Ishod Foruma u Montevideu bio je usvajanje Završne Konvencije, koja je dala pravnu definiciju države, a koja uključuje četiri kriterijuma suverene države:

stalno stanovništvo
definisana teritorija
sopstvena vlada
sposobnost da uđe u odnose sa drugim državama^[2]

Vlada suverene države drži pravnu vlast nad svom tamošnjom imovinom. Takođe se uobičajeno podrazumeva da država nije podređena nekom, ili subjekt neke druge države i organizacije.^[3]

Izvori

^ League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 165, pp. 20-43.
'^ Shaw, Malcolm Natෟhan (2003). International law. Cambridge University Press. str. 178. „Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States, 1933 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with other states”
Jasentuliyana, Nandasiri, ur. (1995). Perspectives on international law. Kluwer Law International. str. 20. „So far as States are concerned, the traditional definitions provided for in the Montevideo Convention remain generally accepted.”
^ Wheaton, Henry (1836). Elements of international law: with a sketch of the history of the science. Carey, Lea & Blanchard. str. 51. „A sovereign state is generally defined to be any nation or people, whatever may be the form of its internal constitution, which governs itself independently of foreign powers.”
„sovereign”, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th izd.), Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, Pristupljeno 21. 2. 2010, „adj. 1. Self-governing; independent: a sovereign state.”
„sovereign”, The New Oxford American Dictionary (2nd izd.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-517077-1, „adjective ... [ attrib.] (of a nation or state) fully independent and determining its own affairs: a sovereign, democratic republic.” Nepoznati parametar |yeat= ignorisan (pomoć)

Literatura

Jasentuliyana, Nandasiri, ur. (1995). Perspectives on international law. Kluwer Law International. str. 20.
Shaw, Malcolm Natෟhan (2003). International law. Cambridge University Press. str. 178.
Wheaton, Henry (1836). Elements of international law: with a sketch of the history of the science. Carey, Lea & Blanchard. str. 51.

[1] League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 165, pp. 20-43.

[2] '^ Shaw, Malcolm Natෟhan (2003). International law. Cambridge University Press. str. 178. „Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States, 1933 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with other states”
Jasentuliyana, Nandasiri, ur. (1995). Perspectives on international law. Kluwer Law International. str. 20. „So far as States are concerned, the traditional definitions provided for in the Montevideo Convention remain generally accepted.”

[3] Wheaton, Henry (1836). Elements of international law: with a sketch of the history of the science. Carey, Lea & Blanchard. str. 51. „A sovereign state is generally defined to be any nation or people, whatever may be the form of its internal constitution, which governs itself independently of foreign powers.”
„sovereign”, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th izd.), Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, Pristupljeno 21. 2. 2010, „adj. 1. Self-governing; independent: a sovereign state.”
„sovereign”, The New Oxford American Dictionary (2nd izd.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-517077-1, „adjective ... [ attrib.] (of a nation or state) fully independent and determining its own affairs: a sovereign, democratic republic.” Nepoznati parametar |yeat= ignorisan (pomoć)

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