Mračna trijada
Mračna trijada je teorija ličnosti u psihologiji, koju su prvi put objavili Delroj L. Polhus i Kevin M. Vilijams 2002.[1] koja opisuje tri izrazito ofanzivna, ali nepatološka tipa ličnosti: makijavelizam, subklinički narcizam i subklinička psihopatija.[2][3][4][5] Svaki od ovih tipova ličnosti naziva se mračnim jer se smatra da svaki sadrži zloćudne kvalitete.[2][6][7][8]
Sve tri crne crne trijade su konceptualno različite, iako empirijski dokazi pokazuju da se preklapaju. Oni su povezani sa manipulativnim međuljudskim stilom.[9]
- Narcizam karakterišu grandioznost, ponos, egoizam i nedostatak empatije.[10]
- Makijavelizam karakteriše manipulacija i eksploatacija drugih, odsustvo morala, bezosećajna bešćutnost i viši nivo gledanja isključivo svog interesa.[11]
- Psihopatiju karakteriše kontinuirano antisocijalno ponašanje, impulsivnost, sebičnost, bešćutne i neemocionalne osobine (CU)[12] i nemogućnost kajanja.[13]
Utvrđeno je da visoki rezultati u ovim osobinama statistički povećavaju vjerovatnoću osobe da počini zločine, izazivaju društvene probleme i ozbiljne probleme za organizacije, posebno ako su na rukovodećim pozicijama.[14] Oni takođe imaju tendenciju da budu manje saosećajni, prijatni, empatični, zadovoljni svojim životima i manje je verovatno da veruju da su oni i drugi ljudi dobri.[15]
Faktorska analiza je pokazala da je među pet velikih osobina ličnosti, niska saradljivost najjači korelat mračne trijade, dok su neuroticizam i nedostatak savesnosti povezani sa nekim od članova mračne trijade.[11]
Reference uredi
- ^ „Dark Triad” (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 6. 7. 2022.
- ^ a b Paulhus, Delroy L; Williams, Kevin M. (decembar 2002). „The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy”. Journal of Research in Personality. 36 (6): 556—563. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6.
- ^ Regoli, Robert M.; Hewitt, John D.; DeLisi, Matt (2011). Delinquency in Society: The Essentials. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning. str. 99. ISBN 978-0-7637-7790-6.
- ^ Campbell, W. Keith; Miller, Joshua D. (2011). The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. str. 154. ISBN 978-1-118-02924-4.
- ^ Leary, Mark R.; Hoyle, Rick H. (2009). Handbook of individual differences in social behavior. New York City: Guilford Press. str. 100. ISBN 978-1-59385-647-2.
- ^ Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas; von Stumm, Sophie; Furnham, Adrian (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences. Hoboiken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. str. 527. ISBN 978-1-4443-4310-6.
- ^ Horowitz, Leonard M.; Strack, Stephen (2010). Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. str. 252—55. ISBN 978-0-470-88103-3. Pristupljeno 15. 2. 2012.
- ^ Lacey, David (2009). Managing the Human Factor in Information Security: How to Win Over Staff and Influence Business Managers. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. str. 248. ISBN 978-0-470-72199-5.
- ^ Jones, Daniel N.; Paulhus, Delroy L. (2010). „Differentiating the dark triad within the interpersonal circumplex”. Ur.: Horowitz, Leonard M.; Strack, Stephen N. Handbook of interpersonal theory and research. New York City: Guilford Press. str. 249—67. ISBN 978-0-470-88107-1.
- ^ Kohut, Heinz (1977). The Restoration of the Self
. New York City: International Universities Press. ISBN 978-0-8236-5810-7.
- ^ a b Jakobwitz, Sharon; Egan, Vincent (januar 2006). „The dark triad and normal personality traits”. Personality and Individual Differences. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. 40 (2): 331—339. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.006.
- ^ Frick, Paul J.; White, Stuart F. (april 2008). „Research Review: The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior”. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. 49 (4): 359—375. PMID 18221345. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01862.x
.
- ^ Skeem, Jennifer L.; Polaschek, Devon L. L.; Patrick, Christopher J.; Lilienfeld, Scott O. (15. 12. 2011). „Psychopathic Personality”. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. 12 (3): 95—162. PMID 26167886. doi:10.1177/1529100611426706.
- ^ O'Boyle Jr, Ernest H.; Forsynth, Donelson R.; Banks, George C.; McDaniel, Michael A. (2012). „A Meta-Analysis of the Dark Triad and Work Behavior: A Social Exchange Perspective”. Applied Psychology. 97 (3): 557—579. PMID 22023075. doi:10.1037/a0025679. Pristupljeno 2021-10-25.
- ^ Kaufman, Scott Barry; Yaden, David Bryce; Hyde, Elizabeth; Tsukayama, Eli (12. 3. 2019). „The Light vs. Dark Triad of Personality: Contrasting Two Very Different Profiles of Human Nature”. Frontiers in Psychology. 10: 467. PMC 6423069 . PMID 30914993. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00467 .
Dodatna literatura uredi
- Bertl, Bianca; Pietschnig, Jakob; Tran, Ulrich S.; Stieger, Stefan; Voracek, Martin (avgust 2017). „More or less than the sum of its parts? Mapping the Dark Triad of personality onto a single Dark Core”. Personality and Individual Differences. 114: 140—144. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.002.
- Tran, Ulrich S.; Bertl, Bianca; Kossmeier, Michael; Pietschnig, Jakob; Stieger, Stefan; Voracek, Martin (maj 2018). „'I'll teach you differences': Taxometric analysis of the Dark Triad, trait sadism, and the Dark Core of personality”. Personality and Individual Differences. 126: 19—24. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.015.
- Mooney, Chris (14. 2. 2014). „Internet Trolls Really Are Horrible People: Narcissistic, Machiavellian, psychopathic, and sadistic”. Slate.
- Hartley, Dale (8. 9. 2015). „Meet the Machiavellians”. Psychology Today.
- Machiavellianism, Cognition, and Emotion Psych Central