Ričard Nikson
Ričard Milhaus Nikson (engl. Richard Milhous Nixon; Jorba Linda, Kalifornija, 9. januar 1913 — Njujork, 22. april 1994) bio je 37. predsednik SAD na dužnosti između 1969. i 1974. godine, kada je postao jedini američki predsednik koji je dao ostavku na tu funkciju. Nikson je prethodno služio kao predstavnik i senator iz Kalifornije i kao potpredsednik između 1953. i 1961. Prvi je predsednik SAD koji je posetio Jugoslaviju.
Ričard Nikson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Datum rođenja | 9. januar 1913. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mesto rođenja | Jorba Linda, Kalifornija , SAD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Datum smrti | 22. april 1994.81 god.) ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mesto smrti | Njujork, Njujork , SAD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Državljanstvo | Sjedinjene Američke Države | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Porodica | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supružnik | Pet Nikson (Rajan) (v. 1940 — njena smrt 1993) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deca | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Politička karijera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Politička stranka | Republikanska stranka SAD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Potpis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biografija
urediNikson se rodio u Jorba Lindi u Kaliforniji.[1][2] Nakon okončanja preddiplomskih studija na Koledžu Viter, diplomirao je na Pravnom fakultetu Univerziteta Djuk 1937. godine, nakon čega se vratio u Kaliforniju na pripravnički rad.[3][3] On i supruga Pet Nikson preselili su se u Vašington 1942. kako bi radili za saveznu vladu. Nikson je potom bio na aktivnoj službi u Američkoj mornarici tokom Drugog svetskog rata. U Predstavnički dom izabran je kao kandidat kalifornijskog 12. kongresnog okruga 1946. godine, a u Senat je izabran 1950. Zbog vođenja Hisovog slučaja, stekao je reputaciju vodećeg antikomuniste, čime je postao poznat u celoj državi. Bio je kandidat za potpredsednika Dvajtu Ajzenhaueru, republikanskom predsedničkom kandidatu na izborima 1952. Nikson je osam godina bio na funkciji potpredsednika. Vodio je neuspešnu predsedničku kampanju 1960. godine, kada je za malu razliku izgubio od Džona Kenedija. Izgubio je i izbore za kalifornijskog guvernera od Peta Brauna 1962. Ponovno je učestvovao na predsedničkim izborima 1968. godine, kada je porazio Hjuberta Hamfrija.
Nikson je okončao američko uplitanje u Vijetnamski rat 1973. godine, i vratio američke ratne zarobljenike. Istovremeno je okončao i regrutaciju. Niksonova poseta Narodnoj Republici Kini 1972. otvorila je diplomatske odnose između dvaju država, a inicirao je i detant te Sporazum o ograničenju sistema protivraketne odbrane sa Sovjetskim Savezom iste godine. Njegova je administracija uopšteno prenosila savezne nadležnosti na državni nivo. Nametnuo je kontrole plata i cena za period od 90 dana, uvodio desegregaciju u južnjačke škole i uspostavio Agenciju za zaštitu okoliša. Nikson je predsedavao i nad sletanjem na Mesec od strane Apola 11, čime je okončana trka za Mesec. Ponovno je izabran za predsednika na izborima 1972. godine, i to jednom od najvećih pobeda u istoriji SAD kada je porazio Džordža Mekgoverna.
Iduća godina bila je obeležena arapskim naftnim embargom, racionisanjem benzina, te kontinuiranom serijom otkrića o skandalu Vatergejt. Skandal je eskalirao, što je Niksona koštalo političke podrške, te je 9. avgusta 1974. dao ostavku u okolnostima gotovo sigurnog opoziva. Nakon ostavke, pomilovan je od strane njegovog naslednika Džeralda Forda. U mirovini Nikson je napisao nekoliko knjiga i preduzeo je nekoliko putovanja izvan SAD što mu je omogućilo rehabilitaciju imidža. Doživeo je moždani udar 18. aprila 1994. godine, u 81. godini, a sahranjen je četiri dana kasnije.
U poseti Beogradu
uredi-
Dolazak u Beograd
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Sa Titom prilikom dolaska
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U poseti Beogradu
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Ričard Nikson i Tito sa suprugama
Vidi još
urediReference
uredi- ^ NPS, Nixon Birthplace.
- ^ Ferris, str. 209.
- ^ a b Nixon Library, Student & Sailor.
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