Semiologija

Semiologija (grč. semeios znak, osobina) je nauka o znacima (simbolima) tj. opšta nauka o svim sistemima znakova koji se pojavljuju u čovekovom društvenom životu (jezik, običaji, komuniciranje). Ona se razvila sredinom 20. veka, iako je čovekov interes za znakove nastao veoma rano, verovatno, pojavom čoveka kao svesnog bića. Začetnicima semiologije možemo smatrati Platona, Aristotela, sv. Avgustina i dr.

Naziv

Osim naziva semiologija, koristi se i naziv semiotika koji je 1867. godine stvorio Čarls Sanders Pirs, američki filozof pragmatičarske škole (1839–1914; semiotika je stalno prevođenje znakova u druge znakove). Ferdinand de Sosir je u svom Kursu opšte lingvistike ovu nauku nazvao semiologijom, pa od tog trenutka paralelno postoje dva termina - semiologija (uglavnom na frankofonom području) i semiotika (anglofono područje).

Podela

Čarls Moris je izvršio podelu semiotike na:

1. semiološku semantiku - proučava odnos između znaka i onoga što je njime označeno.
2. semiološku sintaksu - bavi se odnosima među znakovima unutar sistema.
3. semiološku pragmatiku - izučava relacije između znakova i čoveka koji ih upotrebljava.
   

Poznati postsosirovski lingvisti - strukturalisti

1. Luis Hjemslev
2. Erik Buisens
3. Pjer Žirard
4. Džordž Munin
5. Luj Prijeto

Znak

Osnovni problem pri definisanju semiologije i njenog područja je pitanje kako se određuje znak. Znak je, u najširem smislu te reči, svaka pojava koja za čoveka označava neku drugu pojavu: Čovek, dakle, interpretira znak, on iza njega očitava neki drugi izvanznakovni fenomen. Takođe, znak može biti ograničen samo na one fenomene koji za čoveka nešto označavaju, a upotrebljavaju se u međusobnoj komunikaciji.

Literatura

• Škiljan, Dubravko (1987). Pogled u opštu lingvistiku (3 izd.). Zagreb: Školska knjiga Zagreb. str. 190. 
• Dubravko Škiljan Pogled u opštu lingvistiku
• Atkin, Albert. (2006). "Peirce's Theory of Signs", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
• Barthes, Roland. ([1957] 1987). Mythologies. New York: Hill & Wang.
• Barthes, Roland ([1964] 1967). Elements of Semiology. (Translated by Annette Lavers & Colin Smith). London: Jonathan Cape.
• Chandler, Daniel. (2001/2007). Semiotics: The Basics. London: Routledge.
• Bittar, Eduardo C. B. (2015). Linguagem jurídica: semiótica, discurso e direito. 6. ed. São Paulo: Editora Saraiva, 2015.
• Clarke, D. S. (1987). Principles of Semiotic. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Clarke, D. S. (2003). Sign Levels. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
• Culler, Jonathan (1975). Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Danesi, Marcel & Perron, Paul. (1999). Analyzing Cultures: An Introduction and Handbook. Bloomington: Indiana UP.
• Danesi, Marcel. (1994). Messages and Meanings: An Introduction to Semiotics. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press. ISBN 9781551300276. 
• Danesi, Marcel. (2002). Understanding Media Semiotics. London: Arnold; New York: Oxford UP.
• Danesi, Marcel. (2007). The Quest for Meaning: A Guide to Semiotic Theory and Practice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 
• Deely, John (2005) [1990]. Basics of Semiotics (4th izd.). Tartu: Tartu University Press. 
• Deely, John. (2000), The Red Book: The Beginning of Postmodern Times or: Charles Sanders Peirce and the Recovery of Signum. Sonesson, Göran (1989). „Pictorial concepts. Inquiries into the semiotic heritage and its relevance for the analysis of the visual world”. Lund: Lund University Press.  Sonesson, Göran, 1989, Pictorial concepts. Inquiries into the semiotic heritage and its relevance for the analysis of the visual world, Lund: Lund University Press.(578 KiB)Pictorial concepts. Inquiries into the semiotic heritage and its relevance for the analysis of the visual world„Eprint” (PDF).  (571 KiB).
• Deely, John (2001). Four Ages of Understanding. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9780802047359. 
• Deely, John. (2003), "On the Word Semiotics, Formation and Origins", Semiotica 146.1/4, 1–50.
• Deely, John (2003). The Impact on Philosophy of Semiotics. South Bend: St. Augustine Press. 
• Deely, John. (2004), "'Σημειον' to 'Sign' by Way of 'Signum': On the Interplay of Translation and Interpretation in the Establishment of Semiotics", Semiotica 148–1/4, 187–227.
• Deely, John. (2006), "On 'Semiotics' as Naming the Doctrine of Signs", Semiotica 158.1/4 (2006), 1–33.
• Derrida, Jacques (1981). 'Positions. Prevod: Alan Bass. London: Athlone Press. 
• Eagleton, Terry. (1983). Literary Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
• Eco, Umberto. (1976). A Theory of Semiotics. London: Macmillan.
• Eco, Umberto (1986). Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 
• Eco, Umberto. (2000) Kant and the Platypus. New York, Harcourt Brace & Company.
• Eco, Umberto (1976). A Theory of Semiotics. Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253359551. 
• Emmeche, Claus; Kull, Kalevi (eds.) (2011) Towards a Semiotic Biology: Life is the Action of Signs. London: Imperial College Press. pdf
• Foucault, Michel. (1970). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London: Tavistock.
• Greimas, Algirdas. (1987). On Meaning: Selected Writings in Semiotic Theory. (Translated by Paul J Perron & Frank H Collins). London: Frances Pinter.
• Herlihy, David. 1988–present. "2nd year class of semiotics". CIT.
• Hjelmslev, Louis (1961). Prolegomena to a Theory of Language. Prevod: Francis J. Whitfield). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 
• Hodge, Robert & Kress, Gunther. (1988). Social Semiotics. Ithaca: Cornell UP.
• Lacan, Jacques. (1977) Écrits: A Selection. (Translated by Alan Sheridan). New York: Norton.
• Lidov, David (1999). Elements of Semiotics. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312214135. 
• Liszka, J. J. (1996). A General Introduction to the Semeiotic of C.S. Peirce. Indiana University Press. 
• Locke, John, The Works of John Locke, A New Edition, Corrected, In Ten Volumes, Vol.III, T. Tegg, (London), 1823. (facsimile reprint by Scientia, (Aalen), 1963.)
• Lotman, Yuri M. (1990). Universe of the Mind: A Semiotic Theory of Culture. (Translated by Ann Shukman). London: I.B. Tauris.
• Morris, Charles W. (1971). Writings on the general theory of signs. The Hague: Mouton.
• Menchik, Daniel A; Tian, Xiaoli (2008). „Putting Social Context into Text: The Semiotics of E‐mail Interaction” (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 114 (2): 332—70. S2CID 8161899. doi:10.1086/590650. 
• Peirce, Charles S. (1934). Collected papers: Volume V. Pragmatism and pragmaticism. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press. 
• Petrilli, Susan (2009). „Semiotics as semioethics in the era of global communication”. Semiotica. 2009 (173): 343—67. S2CID 143553063. doi:10.1515/SEMI.2009.015. 
• Ponzio, Augusto & S. Petrilli. Semiotics Today. From Global Semiotics to Semioethics, a Dialogic Response.. New York, Ottawa, Toronto: Legas. 84 pp. 2007. ISBN 978-1-894508-98-8.
• Romeo, Luigi (1977), "The Derivation of 'Semiotics' through the History of the Discipline", Semiosis, v. 6 pp. 37–50.
• Sebeok, T.A. (1976), Contributions to the Doctrine of Signs, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN.
• Sebeok, Thomas A. (Editor). A Perfusion of Signs. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 1977. 
• Signs and Meaning: 5 Questions, edited by Peer Bundgaard and Frederik Stjernfelt, 2009 (Automatic Press / VIP). (Includes interviews with 29 leading semioticians of the world.)
• Short, T.L. (2007). Peirce's Theory of Signs. Cambridge University Press. 
• Stubbe, Henry (Henry Stubbes), The Plus Ultra reduced to a Non Plus: Or, A Specimen of some Animadversions upon the Plus Ultra of Mr. Glanvill, wherein sundry Errors of some Virtuosi are discovered, the Credit of the Aristotelians in part Re-advanced; and Enquiries made...., (London), 1670.
• von Uexküll, Thure (1982). „Semiotics and medicine”. Semiotica. 38 (3–4). S2CID 201698735. doi:10.1515/semi.1982.38.3-4.205. 
• Williamson, Judith. (1978). Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. London: Boyars.
• Zlatev, Jordan. (2009). "The Semiotic Hierarchy: Life, Consciousness, Signs and Language, Cognitive Semiotics". Sweden: Scania.

Spoljašnje veze

• Applied Semiotics / Sémiotique appliquée Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (3. septembar 2010)
• Communicology: The link between semiotics and phenomenological manifestations
• Signo—www.signosemio.com—Presents semiotic theories and theories closely related to semiotics
• It from bit and fit from bit. On the origin and impact of information in the average evolution (Yves Decadt, 2000). Book published in Dutch with English paper summary in The Information Philosopher, http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/decadt/
• The Semiotics of the Web
• Arisbe: The Peirce Gateway Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (28. septembar 2007)
• Semiotics according to Robert Marty, with 76 definitions of the sign by C. S. Peirce
• The Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms

Časopisi i serijali knjiga

• American Journal of Semiotics, John Deely, Editor, & Christopher Morrissey, Managing Editor—from the [1] Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (1. septembar 2018).
• Applied Semiotics / Sémiotique appliquée (AS/SA) Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (26. decembar 2018), Peter G. Marteinson & Pascal G. Michelucci, Editors.
• Approaches to Applied Semiotics (2000–2009 book series), Thomas Sebeok et al., Editors.
• Approaches to Semiotics (1969–97 book series), Thomas A. Sebeok, Alain Rey, Roland Posner, et al., Editors.
• Biosemiotics, Morten Tönnessen, Alexei SHarov, Timo Maran, Editors-in-Chief—from the International Society for Biosemiotic Studies.
• Center for Semiotics Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (6. maj 2013), Aarhus University, Denmark.
• Cognitive Semiotics, Per Aage Brandt & Todd Oakley, Editors-in-Chief.
• Cybernetics and Human Knowing, Søren Brier, Chief Editor.
• International Journal of Marketing Semiotics, George Rossolatos, Chief Editor.
• International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems (IJSSS), Angelo Loula & João Queiroz, Editors.
• Open Semiotics Resource Center. Journals, lecture courses, etc.
• The Public Journal of Semiotics, Paul Bouissac, Editor in Chief; Alan Cienki, Associate Editor; René Jorna, Winfried Nöth.
• S.E.E.D. Journal (Semiotics, Evolution, Energy, and Development) Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (25. februar 2013) (2001–7), Edwina Taborsky, Editor—from SEE Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (3. maj 2012).
• The Semiotic Review of Books Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (15. decembar 2018), Gary Genosko, General Editor; Paul Bouissac, Founding Editor.
• Semiotica, Marcel Danesi, Chief Editor—from the International Association for Semiotic Studies.
• Semiotiche, Gian Paolo Caprettini, Managing Director; Andrea Valle & Miriam Visalli, Editors. Some articles in English. Home site seems gone from Web, old url [2] no longer good, and Wayback Machine cannot retrieve.
• Semiotics, Communication and Cognition (book series), Paul Cobley & Kalevi Kull, Editors.
• Semiotics: Yearbook of the Semiotic Society of America, Jamin Pelkey, Editor—from the [3] Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (1. septembar 2018).
• SemiotiX New Series: A Global Information Bulletin Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (15. decembar 2018), Paul Bouissac et al.
• Sign Systems Studies, Kalevi Kull, Kati Lindstrom, Mihhail Lotman, Timo Maran, Silvi Salupere, Peeter Torop, Editors—from the Dept. of Semiotics, University of Tartu Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (4. mart 2016), Estonia.
• Signs and Society, Richard J. Parmentier, Editor.
• Signs: International Journal of Semiotics. Martin Thellefsen, Torkild Thellefsen, & Bent Sørensen, chief eds.
• Tartu Semiotics Library Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (4. mart 2016) (book series), Peeter Torop, Kalevi Kull, Silvi Salupere, Editors.
• Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, Cornelis de Waal, Chief Editor—from The Charles S. Peirce Society.
• Versus: Quaderni di studi semiotici, founded by Umberto Eco.