Harold Lojd

Harold Lojd
Harold Lojd
Lični podaci
Puno ime	Harold Klejton Lojd
Datum rođenja	20. april 1893.
Mesto rođenja	Burčard, Nebraska, SAD
Datum smrti	8. mart 1971. (77 god.)
Mesto smrti	Beverli Hils, Kalifornija, SAD
Porodica
Supružnici	Mildred Dejvis (1923—1969)
	Veza do IMDb-a
Oskar
Nagrade
Oskar	1953 Lifetime Achievement

Harold Lojd (engl. Harold Lloyd; Burčard, 20. april 1893 — Beverli Hils, 8. mart 1971) bio je američki glumac. Komičar iz neme epohe, originalnog stila. Filmovi: Bakin momak, Mlađi brat, Ludi četvrtak. Preminuo je u 77. godini 8. marta 1971. od raka prostate na Beverli Hilsu, Kalifornija.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Lojd, zajedno sa Čarli Čaplinom i Basterom Kitonom, se smatra kao jedan od najuticajnijih filmskih komičara iz doba nemog filma. Lojd je snimio skoro 200 komedija, nemih i „zvučnih“, između 1914. i 1947. godine. Njegov lik „Naočara“ u naočarima^[4]^[5] bio je snalažljiv i uspešan u potrazi za uspehom koji se podudarao sa cajtgajstom Sjedinjenih Država iz perioda 1920-ih.

Njegovi filmovi često su sadržavali „uzbudljive sekvence“ produženih scena jurnjave i hrabre fizičke podvige. Scena gde Lojd visi sa kazaljki na satu visoko iznad ulice u filmu Sigurnost na poslednjem mestu (1923) smatra se jednom od najtrajnijih slika u istoriji bioskopa.^[6] Lojd je sam izvodio manje vratolomije, uprkos tome što se povredio u avgustu 1919. radeći reklamne slike za studio Rouč. Nesreća sa bombom koja je pogrešno označena kao rekvizit dovela je do gubitka palca i kažiprsta desne ruke^[7] (povreda je prikrivena na budućim filmovima upotrebom posebne prostetske rukavice, a na ekranu se gotovo nije mogla otkriti).

Detinjstvo

Lojd je rođen 20. aprila 1893. u Burčardu, kao sin Džejmsa Darsija Lojda i Sare Elizabet Frejžer. Njegovi pradeda i deda po ocu bili su Velšani.^[8] 1910. godine, nakon što je njegov otac imao nekoliko neuspeha u poslovnom poduhvatu, Lojdovi roditelji su se razveli i njegov otac se preselio sa sinom u San Dijego. Lojd je od malih nogu glumio u pozorištu, ali je u Kaliforniji počeo da glumi u komedijama sa jednim kolutom oko 1912.

Karijera

Nemi kratki filmovi

Lojd je radio sa filmskom kompanijom Tomasa Edisona, a njegova prva mala uloga bila je indijanac Jaki u produkciji The Old Monk's Tale. Sa 20 godina, Lojd se preselio u Los Angeles, i dobio je uloge u nekoliko komedija Kejstoun film kompanije. Takođe ga je angažovao Univerzal studio kao statistu i ubrzo se sprijateljio sa presperitivnim rediteljem Halom Roučom.^[9] Lojd je započeo saradnju sa Roučom koji je osnovao sopstveni studio 1913. Rouč i Lojd su stvorili lik Usamenika Luka, po uzoru na uspešne filmove Čarlija Čaplina.^[10]

Lojd je 1914. angažovao Bejb Daniels kao sporednu glumicu; njih dvoje su bili u romantičnoj vezi i bili su poznati kao „Dečak” i „Devojčica”. Godine 1919, ona je napustila Lojda kako bi posvetila svojim dramskim aspiracijama. Kasnije te godine, Lojd je zamenio Danielsovu sa Mildred Dejvis, sa kojom će se kasnije oženiti. Hal Rouč je zatražio od Lojda da nadgleda Dejvisovu u filmu. Navodno, što je Lojd više pažnje posvećivao Dejvisovoj to mu se više sviđala. Lojdova prva reakcija kada ju je sreo bila je da je „izgledala kao velika francuska lutka”.^[11]

Filmografija

Godina	Srpski naziv	Izvorni naziv
Uloge Harold Lojd
1981.		Slapstick
1959.		Frankenstein's Daughter
1959.		Girls Town
1953.		The Flaming Urge
1950.		Mad Wednesday
1947.		The Sin Of Harold Diddlebock
1938.		Professor Beware
1936.		The Milky Way
1934.		The Cat's Paw
1932.		Movie Crazy
1930.		Feet First
1928.		Speedy
1927.		The Kid Brother
1926.		For Heaven's Sake/Dr. Jack
1925.		The Freshman
1924.		Girl Shy
1924.		Hot Water
1923.	Sigurnost na poslednjem mestu	Safety Last!
1923.		Why Worry?/Never Weaken

Reference

^ „Died”. Time (magazine). 22. 3. 1971. Arhivirano iz originala 21. 12. 2008. g. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2008. „Harold Lloyd, 77, comedian whose screen image of horn-rimmed incompetence made him Hollywood's highest-paid star in the 1920s; of cancer; in Hollywood. He usually played a feckless Mr. Average who triumphed over misfortune. "My character represented the white-collar middle class that felt frustrated but was always fighting to overcome its shortcomings," he once explained. Lloyd usually did his own stunt work, as in Safety Last (1923), in which he dangled from a clock high above the street; he was protected only by a wooden platform two floors below.”
^ „Harold Lloyd, Bespectacled Film Comic, Dies of Cancer at 77”. Los Angeles Times. 9. 3. 1971. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2008. „Comedian Harold Lloyd, 77, who bumbled through more than 300 films as a bespectacled victim of life's difficulties, died of cancer Monday at his Beverly Hills home.”
^ „Horn-Rims His Trademark; Harold Lloyd, Screen Comedian, Dies at 77”. New York Times. 9. 3. 1971. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2008. „A pair of inexpensive, horn-rimmed eyeglass frames without lenses, the shy expression of a somewhat bewildered adolescent and a single-track ambition made Harold Clayton Lloyd the highest-paid screen actor in Hollywood's golden age of the nineteen twenties.”
^ Austerlitz, Saul (2010). Another Fine Mess: A History of American Film Comedy. Chicago Review Press. str. 28. ISBN 9781556529511.
^ D'Agostino Lloyd, Annette. „Why Harold Lloyd Is Important”. haroldlloyd.com. Arhivirano iz originala 01. 07. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 12. 11. 2013.
^ Slide, Anthony (27. 9. 2002). Silent Players: A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses. Univ. Press of Kentucky. str. 221. ISBN 978-0813122496.
^ An American Comedy; Lloyd and Stout; 1928; page 129
^ „Comedy in the 1920s - 1950s”. alphadragondesign.com. Arhivirano iz originala 24. 7. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 13. 4. 2015.
^ „Encyclopedia of the Great Plains - Lloyd, Harold (1893-1971)”. unl.edu. Pristupljeno 13. 4. 2015.
^ „Hal Roach article”. Silentsaregolden.com. Pristupljeno 2016-07-21.
^ Pawlak, Debra Ann (15. 1. 2011). Bringing Up Oscar: The Story of the Men and Women Who Founded the Academy. New York: Pegasus Books. str. 62. ISBN 978-1605981376.

Literatura

Austerlitz, Saul (2010). Another Fine Mess: A History of American Film Comedy. Chicago Review Press. str. 28. ISBN 9781556529511.
Agee, James (2000) [1958]. "Comedy's Greatest Era" from Life magazine (9/5/1949), reprinted in Agee on Film. McDowell, Obolensky, Modern Library.
Bengtson, John (2011). Silent Visions: Discovering Early Hollywood and New York Through the Films of Harold Lloyd. Santa Monica Press. ISBN 9781595808882. - Total pages: 304
Brownlow, Kevin (1976) [1968]. "Harold Lloyd" from The Parade's Gone By. Alfred A. Knopf, University of California Press.
Byron, Stuart; Weis, Elizabeth (1977). The National Society of Film Critics on Movie Comedy. Grossman/Viking.
Cahn, William (1964). Harold Lloyd's World of Comedy. Duell, Sloane & Pearce.
D'Agostino, Annette M. (1994). Harold Lloyd: A Bio-Bibliography. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-28986-7.
Dale, Alan (2002). Comedy is a Man in Trouble: Slapstick In American Movies. University of Minnesota Press.
Dardis, Tom (1983). Harold Lloyd: The Man on the Clock. Viking. ISBN 0-14-007555-0.
Durgnat, Raymond (1970). "Self-Help with a Smile" from The Crazy Mirror: Hollywood Comedy and the American Image. Dell.
Everson, William K. (1978). American Silent Film. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-502348-0.
Gilliatt, Penelope (1973). "Physicists" from Unholy Fools: Wits, Comics, Disturbers of the Peace. Viking. ISBN 9780670740734.
Hayes, Suzanne Lloyd (1992). 3-D Hollywood with Photography by Harold Lloyd. Simon & Schuster.
Kerr, Walter (1990) [1975]. The Silent Clowns. Alfred A. Knopf, Da Capo Press. ISBN 9780306803871.
Lacourbe, Roland (1970). Harold Lloyd. Paris: Editions Seghers.
Lahue, Kalton C. (1966). World of Laughter: The Motion Picture Comedy Short, 1910–1930. University of Oklahoma Press.
Lloyd, Annette D'Agostino (2003). The Harold Lloyd Encyclopedia. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-1514-2.
Lloyd, Annette D'Agostino (2009). Harold Lloyd: Magic in a Pair of Horn-Rimmed Glasses. BearManor Media. ISBN 978-1-59393-332-6.
Lloyd, Harold; Stout, W. W. (1971) [1928]. An American Comedy. Dover. ISBN 9780486226842.
Lloyd, Suzanne (2004). Harold Lloyd's Hollywood Nudes in 3-D. Black Dog & Leventhal. ISBN 978-1-57912-394-9.
Maltin, Leonard (1978). The Great Movie Comedians. Crown Publishers. ISBN 9780517532416.
Mast, Gerald (1979) [1973]. The Comic Mind: Comedy and the Movies. University of Chicago Press.
McCaffrey, Donald W. (1968). 4 Great Comedians: Chaplin, Lloyd, Keaton, Langdon. A.S. Barnes.
McCaffrey, Donald W. (1976). Three Classic Silent Screen Comedies Starring Harold Lloyd. Associated University Presses. ISBN 0-8386-1455-8.
Mitchell, Glenn (2003). A–Z of Silent Film Comedy. B.T. Batsford Ltd.
Reilly, Adam (1977). Harold Lloyd: The King of Daredevil Comedy. Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-601940-X.
Robinson, David (1969). The Great Funnies: A History of Film Comedy. E.P. Dutton.
Schickel, Richard (1974). Harold Lloyd: The Shape of Laughter . New York Graphic Society. ISBN 0-8212-0595-1.
Vance, Jeffrey; Lloyd, Suzanne (2002). Harold Lloyd: Master Comedian. Harry N Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-1674-6.
„Landmark Estates”. Arhivirano iz originala 18. 8. 2006. g.
Loewen, James W. (29. 9. 2005). Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension Of American Racism. The New Press. ISBN 978-1-59558-674-2. Pristupljeno 19. 8. 2012.
Wiese, Andrew (15. 12. 2005). Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-89625-0. Pristupljeno 19. 8. 2012.

Spoljašnje veze

Zvanični veb-sajt
Harold Lojd na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski)
HaroldLloyd.us—a site with articles and information, maintained by Annette D'Agostino Lloyd
Harold Lloyd Forum Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (17. avgust 2020) part of ComedyClassics.org
Harold Lloyd Photos at Silent Ladies & Gents
BBC Radio Interview with Suzanne Lloyd (2002)
1922 magazine interview.
Harold Lloyd in The Sin Of Harold Diddlebock at The Internet Archive
Photographs and bibliography
Old Gold Comedy Theater Episodes
„Lloyd Buys Noted Home Site: Film Comedian is Said to Have Paid $100,000 for Benedict Property”. Los Angeles Times. 22. 5. 1923. str. 14.
„Harold Lloyd Buys Homesite: Beverly Hills Estate Sold for $100,000”. Los Angeles Evening Express. 22. 5. 1923. str. 8 — preko Newspapers.com.

[time1-1] „Died”. Time (magazine). 22. 3. 1971. Arhivirano iz originala 21. 12. 2008. g. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2008. „Harold Lloyd, 77, comedian whose screen image of horn-rimmed incompetence made him Hollywood's highest-paid star in the 1920s; of cancer; in Hollywood. He usually played a feckless Mr. Average who triumphed over misfortune. "My character represented the white-collar middle class that felt frustrated but was always fighting to overcome its shortcomings," he once explained. Lloyd usually did his own stunt work, as in Safety Last (1923), in which he dangled from a clock high above the street; he was protected only by a wooden platform two floors below.”

[2] „Harold Lloyd, Bespectacled Film Comic, Dies of Cancer at 77”. Los Angeles Times. 9. 3. 1971. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2008. „Comedian Harold Lloyd, 77, who bumbled through more than 300 films as a bespectacled victim of life's difficulties, died of cancer Monday at his Beverly Hills home.”

[3] „Horn-Rims His Trademark; Harold Lloyd, Screen Comedian, Dies at 77”. New York Times. 9. 3. 1971. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2008. „A pair of inexpensive, horn-rimmed eyeglass frames without lenses, the shy expression of a somewhat bewildered adolescent and a single-track ambition made Harold Clayton Lloyd the highest-paid screen actor in Hollywood's golden age of the nineteen twenties.”

[4] Austerlitz, Saul (2010). Another Fine Mess: A History of American Film Comedy. Chicago Review Press. str. 28. ISBN 9781556529511.

[D'Agostino-5] D'Agostino Lloyd, Annette. „Why Harold Lloyd Is Important”. haroldlloyd.com. Arhivirano iz originala 01. 07. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 12. 11. 2013.

[6] Slide, Anthony (27. 9. 2002). Silent Players: A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses. Univ. Press of Kentucky. str. 221. ISBN 978-0813122496.

[7] An American Comedy; Lloyd and Stout; 1928; page 129

[8] „Comedy in the 1920s - 1950s”. alphadragondesign.com. Arhivirano iz originala 24. 7. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 13. 4. 2015.

[9] „Encyclopedia of the Great Plains - Lloyd, Harold (1893-1971)”. unl.edu. Pristupljeno 13. 4. 2015.

[10] „Hal Roach article”. Silentsaregolden.com. Pristupljeno 2016-07-21.

[11] Pawlak, Debra Ann (15. 1. 2011). Bringing Up Oscar: The Story of the Men and Women Who Founded the Academy. New York: Pegasus Books. str. 62. ISBN 978-1605981376.

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