Hyainailouros
Hyainailouros (Hijainailouros — „hijenska mačka”) je izumrli polifiletski rod placentalnih sisara iz izumrlog polifiletskog plemena Hyainailourini unutar izumrle parafiletske potporodice Hyainailourinae i izumrle parafiletske porodice Hyainailouridae), koji je u periodu od ranog do srednjeg miocena nastanjivao područje Afrike, Azije i Evrope.[5][6][7]
Hyainailouros (polifiletski rod) Vremenski raspon: miocen
rani do srednji | |
---|---|
Naučna klasifikacija ![]() | |
Domen: | Eukaryota |
Carstvo: | Animalia |
Tip: | Chordata |
Klasa: | Mammalia |
Red: | †Hyaenodonta |
Natporodica: | †Hyainailouroidea |
Porodica: | †Hyainailouridae |
Potporodica: | †Hyainailourinae |
Pleme: | †Hyainailourini |
Rod: | †Hyainailouros Biedermann, 1863 |
Tipska vrsta | |
†Hyainailouros sulzeri Biedermann, 1863
| |
Vrste | |
| |
Sinonimi | |
sinonimi roda: sinonimi vrste:
|
Etimologija naziva
urediRod: | Porijeklo naziva od: | Značenje naziva: |
---|---|---|
Hyainailouros | hijenska mačka[8] |
Vrste: | Porijeklo naziva od: | Značenje naziva: |
---|---|---|
H. bugtiensis |
|
Hijainailouros sa Bugti brda |
H. napakensis |
|
Hijainailouros iz Napaka |
H. sulzeri |
|
sulcki Hijainailouros |
Opis
urediVrste iz polifiletskog roda Hyainailouros su se kretale poludigitigradno. Vrsta Hyainailouros sulzeri je dostizala visinu od 1 m u ramenima i težila je oko 1185 kg. Vrsta Hyainailouros bugtiensis je težila oko 1192 kg, a Hyainailouros napakensis oko 271 kg.[9]
Hyainailouros sulzeri
Sistematika
urediIstorija klasifikacije
urediRod Hyainailouros je u prošlosti bio uvrštavan kao izumrli predstavnik mačaka,[10] ali je kasnije prepoznat kao predstavnik izumrlog reda Creodonta unutar porodice Hyaenodontidae, da bi na kraju bio uvršten kao predstavnik izumrlog reda Hyaenodonta.
Klasifikacija
urediVrste: | Rasprostranjenost fosila i lokacija: |
Vremenski raspon: |
---|---|---|
†H. bugtiensis (Pilgrim, 1912)[11] | Pakistan (Beludžistan) | 13,7 do 11,3 mil. god. |
†H. napakensis (Ginsburg, 1980)[12] | Kenija[13] Namibija Uganda[14] |
20,0 do 19,0 mil. god. |
†H. sulzeri (Biedermann, 1863)[15] | Namibija[16] Njemačka (Baden-Virtemberg)[17] Francuska (Centar-Dolina Loare i Region Loara) Švajcarska (kanton Argau) Španija |
18,0 do 15,0 mil. god. |
Filogenija
urediDolje prikazan kladogram predstavlja filogenetske veze polifiletskog roda Hyainailouros.[18][9][19][20][21]
†Hyaenodonta |
|
†Lahimia grupa †Arfia grupa †Galecyon grupa †afro-arabijska grupa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vremenska rasprostranjenst polifiletskog roda Hyainailouros unutar parafiletske porodice Hyainailouridae
uredi![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sr/timeline/g10g7d9kt6o45aa9t9fi1g5c5iop68h.png)
Vidi još
urediReference
uredi- ^ A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].
- ^ H. G. Stehlin (1907.) "Notices paléomammalogiques sur quelques dépôts miocènes des bassins de la Loire et de l'Allier" Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, Vol.7
- ^ Rütimeyer, L. (1867.) "Ueber die herkunft unserer thierwelt: Eine zoogeographische skizze.". Basel
- ^ R. J. G. Savage (1965.) "Fossil Mammals of Africa: The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 10(8):241-316
- ^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015.
- ^ Margaret E. Lewis and Michael Morlo (2010.) "Creodonta". In: Lars Werdelin and William Joseph Sanders (eds.) "Cenozoic Mammals of Africa". University of California Press, Berkeley, London, New York, pp. 543-560
- ^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2017). „The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition”. PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0185301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285301B. PMC 5636082 . PMID 29020030. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185301.
- ^ Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals (na jeziku: engleski). U.S. Government Printing Office.
- ^ a b Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). „Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.
- ^ Simpson, George Gaylord (1945). „The principles of classification and a classification of mammals”. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 85: 350. hdl:2246/1104.
- ^ Pilgrim, G. E. (1912.) "The Vertebrate Fauna of the Gaj Series in the Bugti Hills and the Punjab", Memoir of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 4: 1–83
- ^ Ginsburg, L. (1980.) "Hyainailouros sulzeri, mammifère créodonte du Miocène européen." Annales de Paléontologie, 66: 19–73.
- ^ D. T. Rasmussen and M. Gutierrez (2009.) "A Mammalian Fauna from the Late Oligocene of Northwestern Kenya." Palaeontographica Abteilung A 288(1-3):1-52
- ^ Jorge Morales; Martin Pickford (2017). „New hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) from the Early Miocene of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) and Grillental (Namibia)” (PDF). Fossil Imprint. 73 (3–4): 332—359. doi:10.2478/if-2017-0019.
- ^ W. G. A. Biedermann (1863.) "Petrefacten aus der Umgegend von Winterthur. II Heft: Die Braunkohlen von Elgg. Anhang: Hyainailouros sulzeri". Bleuler-Hausheer, Winterthur, 23 pp.
- ^ Morales, Jorge; Pickford, M.; Salesa, Manuel J. (2008). „Creodonta and Carnivora from the Early Miocene of the Northern Sperrgebiet, Namibia”. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia. 20: 291—310.
- ^ V. J. Sach and E. P. J. Heizmann (2001.) "Stratigraphy and mammal faunas of the Brackwassermolasse in the surroundings of Ulm (Southwest Germany)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 310:1-95
- ^ Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). „Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)”. Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776 .
- ^ Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
- ^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). „New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene”. Geobios. 66-67: 119—141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.
- ^ Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). „A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819/full.
Literatura
uredi- L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284
- Egi, N.; Tsubamato, T.; Takai, M. (2007). „Systematic Status of Asian "Pterodon" and Early Evolution of Hyaenaelurine Hyaenodontid Creodonts”. Journal of Paleontology. 81 (4): 770—778. JSTOR 4498825. doi:10.1666/pleo0022-3360(2007)081[0770:SSOAPA]2.0.CO;2.
- M. Morlo, E. R. Miller and A. N. El-Barkooky (2007.) "Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(1):145-159
- Solé, F.; Lhuillier, J.; Adaci, M.; Bensalah, M.; Mahboubi, M.; Tabuce, R. (2013). „The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (?Early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 12 (3): 303—322. doi:10.1080/14772019.2013.795196.
- Floréal Solé; Eli Amson; Matthew Borths; Dominique Vidalenc; Michael Morlo; Katharina Bastl (2015). „A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia)”. PLOS ONE. 10 (9): e0135698. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035698S. PMC 4580617 . PMID 26398622. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135698.