Palaeonictis
Palaeonictis (Palaeoniktis — „drevna lasica”) je izumrli rod placentalnih sisara, iz izumrle potporodice Palaeonictinae unutar izumrle porodice Oxyaenidae, koji je u periodu od kasnog paleocena do ranog eocena nastanjivao područje Sjeverne Amerike i Evrope.[5][6][7][8]
Palaeonictis kasni | |
---|---|
Naučna klasifikacija | |
Domen: | Eukaryota |
Carstvo: | Animalia |
Tip: | Chordata |
Klasa: | Mammalia |
Red: | †Oxyaenodonta |
Porodica: | †Oxyaenidae |
Potporodica: | †Palaeonictinae |
Rod: | †Palaeonictis de Blainville, 1842 |
Tipska vrsta | |
†Palaeonictis gigantea de Blainville, 1842
| |
Vrste | |
| |
Sinonimi[1] | |
sinonimi vrste:
|
Etimologija naziva
urediRod: | Porijeklo naziva od: | Značenje naziva: |
---|---|---|
Palaeonictis | drevna lasica[9] |
Vrste: | Porijeklo naziva od: | Značenje naziva: |
---|---|---|
P. gigantea |
|
drevni Palaeoniktis |
P. occidentalis |
|
zapadni Palaeoniktis |
P. peloria |
|
strašni Palaeoniktis |
P. wingi |
|
vingov Palaeoniktis |
Opis
urediVrste iz roda Palaeonictis su imale robusnu građi tjela, nalikovale su na povećeg žderavca i kretale su se plantigradno. Ove vrste su posjedovale snažne vilice i tupe robusne zube, koji su više bili prilagođeni drobljenju kostiju nego rezanju mesa i tetivi. Zubna formula kod vrsti iz ovog roda je 3.1.4.23.1.4.2.[10] Vrsta Palaeonictis gigantea je težila oko 12,04 kg.[11] Vrsta Palaeonictis peloria je imala vilice dužine oko 20 cm i težila je 11,7 kg.[12] Vrsta Palaeonictis occidentalis je dostizala dimenzije današnjeg mrkog medvjeda, dok je vrsta Palaeonictis wingi dostizala dimenzije današnjeg kojota.
Ponašanje i paleoekologija
urediVrste iz roda Palaeonictis su bile kopneni svaštojedi koji su takođe bili i djelimično lešinari po ishrani.
Sistematika
urediKlasifikacija
urediVrste: | Rasprostranjenost fosila i lokacija: |
Vremenski raspon: |
---|---|---|
†P. gigantea (de Blainville, 1842)[13] | Belgija (pokrajina Flamanski Brabant) UK (Jugoistočna Engleska)[14] Francuska (Grand Est, Il de Frans i O de Frans) |
56,0 do 55,2 mil. god. |
†P. occidentalis (Osborn, 1892)[15] | SAD (Vajoming i Kolorado) | 54,9 do 53,0 mil. god. |
†P. peloria (Rose, 1981)[16] | SAD (Vajoming) | 55,4 do 54,9 mil. god. |
†P. wingi (Chester, 2010)[8] | SAD (Vajoming) | 54,9 do 54,7 mil. god. |
Filogenija
urediDolje prikazan kladogram predstavlja filogenetske veze roda Palaeonictis.[5][8][17][18][19][20]
Pan-Carnivora |
|
†Altacreodus/Tinerhodon grupa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vremenska rasprostranjenost roda Palaeonictis unutar porodice Oxyaenidae
urediVidi još
urediReference
uredi- ^ J. Alroy (2002) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
- ^ Lange-Badré, B. (1987) "Dormalodon woutersi, n. g., n. sp., un Créodonte Paléonictiné nouveau de l’Eocène inférieur de Dormaal (Belgique)." Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, Série II, 305: 829-832
- ^ E. D. Cope (1880) "On the genera of the Creodonta." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19:76-82
- ^ G. E. Quinet (1966) "Les mammifères du Landénien continental belge, second tome. Etude de la morphologie dentaire comparée des carnivores de Dormaal." Mémoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles Belges, 158:1-64.
- ^ a b Gunnel, Gregg F.; Gingerich, Philip D. (30. 9. 1991). „Systematics and evolution of late Paleocene and early Eocene Oxyaenidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming” (PDF). Contributions From the Museum of Paleontology. The University of Michigan. 28 (7): 141—180. Pristupljeno 3. 1. 2010.
- ^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015.
- ^ Stephen Jay Gould, John Barber & Peter Andrews (2001). The Book of Life . W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-32156-8.
- ^ a b v Stephen G. B. Chester; Jonathan I. Bloch; Ross Secord; Doug M. Boyer (2010). „A new small bodied species of Palaeonictis (Creodonta, Oxyaenidae) from the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum”. Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 17 (4): 227—243. doi:10.1007/s10914-010-9141-y.
- ^ Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals (na jeziku: engleski). U.S. Government Printing Office.
- ^ G. F. Gunnell (1998) "Creodonta". In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals", Cambridge University Press, 703 pages ISBN 9780521355193
- ^ Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
- ^ Juhn, M. S.; Balisi, M. A.; Doughty, E. M.; Friscia, A. R.; Howenstine, A. O.; Jacquemetton, C.; Marcot, J.; Nugen, S.; Van Valkenburgh, B. (2024). „Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology”. Paleobiology: 1—10. doi:10.1017/pab.2024.27 .
- ^ de Blaineville (1842) "Ostéographie ou description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des mammifères récents et fossiles pour servir de base à la zoologie et à la géologie." Livraison 10: Des Viverras. J.B. Baillière et Fils, Paris: 1–100
- ^ Jerry J. Hooker (2010). "The mammal fauna of the early Eocene Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood, London". Palaeontographical Society. str. 1—162. ISSN 0269-3445.
- ^ Osborn, H. F. (1892) "Taxonomy and morphology of the primates, creodonts, and ungulates." In: "Fossil mammals of the Wahsatch and Wind River beds. Collection of 1891." (H. F. Osborn and J. L. Wortman), Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4: 81-147
- ^ K. D. Rose (1981) "The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 26:1-197
- ^ F. Solé, E. Gheerbrant and M. Godinot (2011) "New data on the Oxyaenidae from the Early Eocene of Europe; biostratigraphic, paleobiogeographic and paleoecologic implications." Palaeontologia Electronica 14(2):13A:1-41
- ^ Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
- ^ Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies", Springer Geology. Springer, Cham.
- ^ Shawn P. Zack (2019). „A skeleton of a Uintan machaeroidine 'creodont' and the phylogeny of carnivorous eutherian mammals”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (8): 653—689. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1466374.
Literatura
uredi- W. B. Scott (1892) "A revision of the North American Creodonta with notes on some genera which have been referred to that group." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 44:291-323
- O. P. Hay (1902) "Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America." Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179:1-868
- W. J. Sinclair and G. L. Jepsen (1929) "A mounted skeleton of Palaeonictis." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 68(3):163-173
- L. Van Valen (1967) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284
- K. D. Rose (1981) "The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 26:1-197
- T. Smith and R. Smith (2001) "The creodonts (Mammalia, Ferae) from the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Belgium (Tienen Formation, MP7)." Belgian Journal of Zoology 131(2):117-135