Turnicidae

Turnicidae
	Turnix melanogaster
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Aves
Red:	Charadriiformes
Porodica:	Turnicidae; Gray, 1840
Rodovi
	Turnix; Ortyxelos;
	Rasprostranjenost Turnicidae

Prepeličarke (lat.Turnicidae) predstavljaju porodicu ptica koji sadrži samo dva roda i petnaest vrsta.

Opis uredi

To su male, zbijene ptice koje nastanjuju tlo, a žive u tropskim i suptropskim područjima Starog sveta. Imaju kratka i zaokružena krila i kreću se samo retkim i kratkim letovima. Na nogama imaju samo po dva prsta. Sivosmeđe perje nešto većih ženki je svetlije nego kod mužjaka. Na jajima leži samo mužjak, a i svu brigu o mladuncima vodi samo on. Jaja se izlegnu nakon 12 do 13 dana, a mladunci mogu da lete u roku od 2 nedelje od izleganja.^[1]

Taksonomija uredi

Turnicidi su tradicionalno smeštane u Gruiformes^[2] ili Galliformes^[3]^[4] (redove ždralova i fazana). Taksonomija Sibli-Alkvista ih je uzdigla do rednog statusa Turniciformes i bazalnih u druge Neoaves ili zato što je njihova ubrzana stopa molekularne evolucije premašila granice osetljivosti DNK-DNK hibridizacije ili zato što autori nisu izvršili odgovarajuća poređenja u paru ili oboje. Morfološki, DNK-DNK hibridizacija i podaci o sekvenci ukazuju na to da turnicidi ispravno pripadaju primorskim pticama (Charadriiformes).^[5]^[6]^[7]

Vrste uredi

Porodica Turnicidae:

rod Ortyxelos:
- Ortyxelos meiffrenii
rod Turnix:
- Turnix suscitator
- Turnix varia
- Turnix maculosa
- Turnix sylvatica
- Turnix ocellata
- Turnix pyrrhothorax
- Turnix tanki
- Turnix castanota
- Turnix hottentotta
- Turnix melanogaster
- Turnix nigricollis
- Turnix everetti
- Turnix worcesteri
- Turnix velox

Podvrste uredi

Turnix maculosus beccarii Salvadori, 1875
Turnix maculosus floresianus Sutter, 1955
Turnix maculosus furvus Parkes, 1949
Turnix maculosus giluwensis Sims, 1954
Turnix maculosus horsbrughi Ingram, 1909
Turnix maculosus kinneari Neumann, 1939
Turnix maculosus maculosus (Temminck, 1815)
Turnix maculosus mayri Sutter, 1955
Turnix maculosus melanotus (Gould, 1837)
Turnix maculosus obiensis Sutter, 1955
Turnix maculosus salomonis Mayr, 1938
Turnix maculosus saturatus W. A. Forbes, 1882
Turnix maculosus savuensis Sutter, 1955
Turnix maculosus sumbanus Sutter, 1955
Turnix ocellatus benguetensis Parkes, 1968
Turnix ocellatus ocellatus (Scopoli, 1786)
Turnix suscitator atrogularis (Eyton, 1839)
Turnix suscitator bengalensis Blyth, 1852
Turnix suscitator blakistoni (Swinhoe, 1871)
Turnix suscitator fasciatus (Temminck, 1815)
Turnix suscitator haynaldi W. Blasius, 1888
Turnix suscitator interrumpens Robinson & E. C. S. Baker, 1928
Turnix suscitator leggei E. C. S. Baker, 1920
Turnix suscitator nigrescens Tweeddale, 1878
Turnix suscitator okinavensis A. R. Phillips, 1947
Turnix suscitator pallescens Robinson & E. C. S. Baker, 1928
Turnix suscitator plumbipes (Hodgson, 1837)
Turnix suscitator powelli Guillemard, 1885
Turnix suscitator rostratus Swinhoe, 1865
Turnix suscitator rufilatus Wallace, 1865
Turnix suscitator suscitator (Gmelin, 1789)
Turnix suscitator taigoor (Sykes, 1832)
Turnix suscitator thai Deignan, 1946
Turnix sylvaticus bartelsorum Neumann, 1929
Turnix sylvaticus celestinoi McGregor, 1907
Turnix sylvaticus davidi Delacour & Jabouille, 1930
Turnix sylvaticus dussumier (Temminck, 1828)
Turnix sylvaticus lepurana (A. Smith, 1836)
Turnix sylvaticus nigrorum duPont, 1976
Turnix sylvaticus suluensis Mearns, 1905
Turnix sylvaticus sylvaticus (Desfontaines, 1789)
Turnix sylvaticus whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant, 1897
Turnix tanki blanfordii Blyth, 1863
Turnix tanki tanki Blyth, 1843
Turnix varius novaecaledonia Ogilvie-Grant, 1889
Turnix varius scintillans (Gould, 1845)
[[Turnix varius varius (Latham, 1802)

Galerija uredi

Prepaskova triprstka (Turnix suscitator)
Afrička triprstka (Turnix sylvatica)
Obojena triprstka (Turnix varia)
Crvenogruda triprstka (Turnix pyrrhothorax)

Reference uredi

^ Archibald, George W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ur. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. str. 101. 1-85391-186-0.
^ Fain, M. G.; Krajewski, C.; Houde, P. (2007). „Phylogeny of 'core Gruiformes' (Aves: Grues) and resolution of the Limpkin-Sungrebe problem” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (2): 515—529. PMID 17419074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.015. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2008-10-13. g.
^ Chen, D.; Hosner, P.A.; Dittmann, D.L.; O’Neill, J.P.; Birks, S.M.; Braun, E.L.; Kimball, R.T. (2021). „Divergence time estimation of Galliformes based on the best gene shopping scheme of ultraconserved elements”. BMC Ecology and Evolution. 21 (1): 209. doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01935-1  .
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, ur. (jul 2021). „Pheasants, partridges, francolins”. IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Pristupljeno 23. 11. 2021. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF (2003). „RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268—78. PMID 13678682. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8.
^ Fain, Matthew G.; Houde, Peter (2004). „Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds” (PDF). Evolution. 58 (11): 2558—73. PMID 15612298. doi:10.1554/04-235. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2013-04-07. g.
^ Paton TA, Baker AJ (2006). „Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 657—67. PMID 16531074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011.

Literatura uredi

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Spoljašnje veze uredi

Buttonquail videos on the Internet Bird Collection

[EoB-1] Archibald, George W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ur. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. str. 101. 1-85391-186-0.

[2] Fain, M. G.; Krajewski, C.; Houde, P. (2007). „Phylogeny of 'core Gruiformes' (Aves: Grues) and resolution of the Limpkin-Sungrebe problem” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (2): 515—529. PMID 17419074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.015. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2008-10-13. g.

[3] Chen, D.; Hosner, P.A.; Dittmann, D.L.; O’Neill, J.P.; Birks, S.M.; Braun, E.L.; Kimball, R.T. (2021). „Divergence time estimation of Galliformes based on the best gene shopping scheme of ultraconserved elements”. BMC Ecology and Evolution. 21 (1): 209. doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01935-1  .

[ioc-4] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, ur. (jul 2021). „Pheasants, partridges, francolins”. IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Pristupljeno 23. 11. 2021. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[5] Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF (2003). „RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268—78. PMID 13678682. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8.

[6] Fain, Matthew G.; Houde, Peter (2004). „Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds” (PDF). Evolution. 58 (11): 2558—73. PMID 15612298. doi:10.1554/04-235. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2013-04-07. g.

[Paton06-7] Paton TA, Baker AJ (2006). „Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 657—67. PMID 16531074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011.

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[7]

Turnicidae

Turnix melanogaster
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Aves
Red:	Charadriiformes
Porodica:	Turnicidae Gray, 1840
Rodovi
Turnix Ortyxelos

Rasprostranjenost Turnicidae