Filterski mehurić
Filterski mehurić ili ideološki okvir je stanje intelektualne izolacije[1] koje može biti rezultat personalizovanih pretraga, sistema preporuka i algoritamskog razgraničavanja. Rezultati pretrage su zasnovani na informacijama o korisniku, kao što su njihova lokacija, prethodno ponašanje pri klikovima i istorija pretrage.[2] Shodno tome, korisnici postaju odvojeni od informacija koje se ne slažu sa njihovim gledištima, efektivno ih izolujući u njihovim sopstvenim kulturnim ili ideološkim mehurima, što rezultira ograničenim i prilagođenim pogledom na svet.[3] Izbori napravljeni ovim algoritmima su samo ponekad transparentni.[4] Najbolji primeri uključuju Guglove personalizovane rezultate pretrage i Fejsebukov personalizovani tok vesti.
Međutim, postoje oprečni izveštaji o tome u kojoj meri se personalizovano filtriranje dešava i da li je takva aktivnost korisna ili štetna, a različite studije daju neuverljive rezultate.
Termin filterski mehur skovao je internetski aktivista Eli Pariser oko 2010. U Pariserovoj uticajnoj knjizi pod istim imenom The Filterski mehur (2011), predviđeno je da će individualizovana personalizacija algoritamskim filtriranjem dovesti do intelektualne izolacije i društvene fragmentacije.[5] Efekat balona može imati negativne implikacije na građanski diskurs, prema Pariseru, ali suprotna gledišta smatraju da je efekat minimalan[6] i da se može adresirati.[7] Prema Pariseru, korisnici su manje izloženi konfliktnim gledištima i intelektualno su izolovani u svom informacionom balonu.[8] On je naveo primer u kojem je jedan korisnik tražio na Guglu „BP“ i dobio vesti o investicijama o Britiš Petroleumu, dok je drugi pretraživač dobio informacije o izlivanju nafte Dipvater horizont, napominjući da su dve stranice sa rezultatima pretrage „upadljivo različite“ uprkos upotrebi iste ključne reči.[8][9][10][6] Rezultati predsedničkih izbora u SAD 2016. povezani su sa uticajem platformi društvenih medija kao što su Tviter i Fejsbuk,[11] i kao rezultat toga doveli su u pitanje efekte fenomena „filterskih mehurića“ na izloženost korisnika lažnim vestima i eho komorama,[12] što je podstaklo novo interesovanje za taj termin,[13] sa mnogima zabrinutim da bi ovaj fenomen mogao da naškodi demokratiji i blagostanju pogoršavajući efekte dezinformacija.[14][15][13][16][17][18]
Reference
уреди- ^ Technopedia, Definition – What does Filter Bubble mean? Архивирано 2017-10-10 на сајту Wayback Machine, Retrieved October 10, 2017, "....A filter bubble is the intellectual isolation, that can occur when websites make use of algorithms to selectively assume the information a user would want to see, and then give information to the user according to this assumption ... A filter bubble, therefore, can cause users to get significantly less contact with contradicting viewpoints, causing the user to become intellectually isolated...."
- ^ Bozdag, Engin (септембар 2013). „Bias in algorithmic filtering and personalization”. Ethics and Information Technology. 15 (3): 209—227. S2CID 14970635. doi:10.1007/s10676-013-9321-6.
- ^ Huffington Post, The Huffington Post "Are Filter-bubbles Shrinking Our Minds?" Архивирано 2016-11-03 на сајту Wayback Machine
- ^ Encrypt, Search (2019-02-26). „What Are Filter Bubbles & How To Avoid Them”. Search Encrypt Blog. Архивирано из оригинала 2019-02-25. г. Приступљено 2019-03-19.
- ^ Kitchens, Brent; Johnson, Steve L.; Gray, Peter (2020-12-01). „Understanding Echo Chambers and Filter Bubbles: The Impact of Social Media on Diversification and Partisan Shifts in News Consumption”. MIS Quarterly. 44 (4): 1619—1649. S2CID 229294134. doi:10.25300/MISQ/2020/16371.
- ^ а б Boutin, Paul (20. 5. 2011). „Your Results May Vary: Will the information superhighway turn into a cul-de-sac because of automated filters?”. The Wall Street Journal. Архивирано из оригинала 5. 4. 2015. г. Приступљено 15. 8. 2011. „By tracking individual Web browsers with cookies, Google has been able to personalize results even for users who don't create a personal Google account or are not logged into one....”
- ^ Zhang, Yuan Cao; Séaghdha, Diarmuid Ó; Quercia, Daniele; Jambor, Tamas (2012). „Auralist: Introducing serendipity into music recommendation”. Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining. стр. 13—22. ISBN 9781450307475. S2CID 2956587. doi:10.1145/2124295.2124300.
- ^ а б Parramore, Lynn (10. 10. 2010). „The Filter Bubble”. The Atlantic. Архивирано из оригинала 22. 8. 2017. г. Приступљено 20. 4. 2011. „Since December 4, 2009, Google has been personalized for everyone. So when I had two friends this spring Google "BP," one of them got a set of links that was about investment opportunities in BP. The other one got information about the oil spill....”
- ^ Weisberg, Jacob (10. 6. 2011). „Bubble Trouble: Is Web personalization turning us into solipsistic twits?”. Slate. Архивирано из оригинала 12. 6. 2011. г. Приступљено 15. 8. 2011.
- ^ Gross, Doug (19. 5. 2011). „What the Internet is hiding from you”. CNN. Архивирано из оригинала 9. 4. 2016. г. Приступљено 15. 8. 2011. „I had friends Google BP when the oil spill was happening. These are two women who were quite similar in a lot of ways. One got a lot of results about the environmental consequences of what was happening and the spill. The other one just got investment information and nothing about the spill at all.”
- ^ Baer, Drake. „The 'Filter Bubble' Explains Why Trump Won and You Didn't See It Coming”. Science of Us. Архивирано из оригинала 2017-04-19. г. Приступљено 2017-04-19.
- ^ DiFranzo, Dominic; Gloria-Garcia, Kristine (5. 4. 2017). „Filter bubbles and fake news”. XRDS. 23 (3): 32—35. S2CID 7069187. doi:10.1145/3055153.
- ^ а б Jasper Jackson (8. 1. 2017). „Eli Pariser: activist whose filter bubble warnings presaged Trump and Brexit: Upworthy chief warned about dangers of the internet's echo chambers five years before 2016's votes”. The Guardian. Архивирано из оригинала 7. 3. 2017. г. Приступљено 3. 3. 2017. „..."If you only see posts from folks who are like you, you're going to be surprised when someone very unlike you wins the presidency," Pariser tells The Guardian....”
- ^ Mostafa M. El-Bermawy (18. 11. 2016). „Your Filter Bubble is Destroying Democracy”. Wired. Архивирано из оригинала 9. 3. 2017. г. Приступљено 3. 3. 2017. „...The global village that was once the internet ... digital islands of isolation that are drifting further apart each day ... your experience online grows increasingly personalized ...”
- ^ Drake Baer (9. 11. 2016). „The 'Filter Bubble' Explains Why Trump Won and You Didn't See It Coming”. New York Magazine. Архивирано из оригинала 26. 2. 2017. г. Приступљено 3. 3. 2017. „...Trump's victory is blindsiding ... because, as media scholars understand it, we increasingly live in a "filter bubble": The information we take in is so personalized that we're blind to other perspectives....”
- ^ Holone, Harald (јун 2016). „The filter bubble and its effect on online personal health information”. Croatian Medical Journal. 57 (3): 298—301. PMC 4937233
. PMID 27374832. doi:10.3325/cmj.2016.57.298.
- ^ Haim, Mario; Arendt, Florian; Scherr, Sebastian (фебруар 2017). „Abyss or Shelter? On the Relevance of Web Search Engines' Search Results When People Google for Suicide”. Health Communication. 32 (2): 253—258. PMID 27196394. S2CID 3399012. doi:10.1080/10410236.2015.1113484.
- ^ „Medical Misinformation and Social Harm in Non-Science Based Health Practices: A Multidisciplinary Perspective”. CRC Press (на језику: енглески). Архивирано из оригинала 2020-08-04. г. Приступљено 2020-04-22.
Literatura
уреди- Pariser, Eli (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. ISBN 978-1-59420-300-8., Penguin Press (New York).
- Green, Holly (29. 8. 2011). „Breaking Out of Your Internet Filter Bubble”. Forbes. Приступљено 4. 12. 2011.
- Friedman, Ann (2014). „Going Viral”. Columbia Journalism Review. 52 (6): 33—34.
- Bozdag, Engin; van den Hoven, Jeroen (децембар 2015). „Breaking the filter bubble: democracy and design”. Ethics and Information Technology. 17 (4): 249—265. doi:10.1007/s10676-015-9380-y .
- boyd, danah m.; Ellison, Nicole B. (октобар 2007). „Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship”. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 13 (1): 210—230. S2CID 52810295. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x .
- Nguyen, Tien T.; Hui, Pik-Mai; Harper, F. Maxwell; Terveen, Loren; Konstan, Joseph A. (2014). „Exploring the filter bubble: The effect of using recommender systems on content diversity”. Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on World wide web. стр. 677—686. ISBN 9781450327442. S2CID 16747810. doi:10.1145/2566486.2568012.
- Resnick, Paul; Garrett, R. Kelly; Kriplean, Travis; Munson, Sean A.; Stroud, Natalie Jomini (2013). „Bursting your (Filter) bubble: Strategies for promoting diverse exposure”. Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work companion. стр. 95—100. ISBN 9781450313322. S2CID 20865375. doi:10.1145/2441955.2441981.
- Liao, Q. Vera; Fu, Wai-Tat (2013). „Beyond the filter bubble: Interactive effects of perceived threat and topic involvement on selective exposure to information”. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. стр. 2359—2368. ISBN 9781450318990. S2CID 8504434. doi:10.1145/2470654.2481326.
- Holone, Harald (2016). „The filter bubble and its effect on online personal health information”. Croatian Medical Journal. 57 (3): 298—301. PMC 4937233 . PMID 27374832. doi:10.3325/cmj.2016.57.298.
Spoljašnje veze
уреди- Beware Online Filter Bubbles. TED Talks, March 2011