Džek Kilbi
Džek Kilbi (engl. Jack Kilby, 8. novembar 1923 – 20. jun 2005) bio je američki fizičar koji je 2000. godine dobio Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku „za ulogu u pronalasku integrisanih kola”.[1] Kilbi je takođe bio koizumitelj ručnog kalkulatora i termalnog štampača, za koje je imao patente. Takođe je imao patente za još sedam pronalazaka.[2]
Džek Kilbi | |
---|---|
Lični podaci | |
Datum rođenja | 8. novembar 1923. |
Mesto rođenja | Džeferson Siti, Misuri, SAD |
Datum smrti | 20. jun 2005.81 god.) ( |
Mesto smrti | Dalas, Teksas, SAD |
Naučni rad | |
Polje | Fizika Elektrotehnika |
Nagrade | Nobelova nagrada za fiziku (2000) |
Mladost uredi
Kilbi je rođen 1923. godine u Grejt Bendu u Kanzasu u porodici Huberta i Vine Frejtag Kilbi.[3] Oba roditelja su diplomirali na Univerzitetu Ilinois. Njegov otac je bio direktor u lokalnom komunalnom preduzeću.[4] Kilbi je odrastao i pohađao školu u Grejt Bendu u Kanzasu, gde je završio srednju školu. (Putoznaci na ulazima u grad obeležavaju njegovo vreme tamo, a Komons Area u srednjoj školi Great Benda je nazvana Džek Kilbijeva Komons Area.)
Kilbi je diplomirao na Univerzitetu Ilinois u Urbana-Šampejnu, gde je bio počasni član bratstva Akacija. Godine 1947, diplomirao je elektrotehniku. Magistrirao je elektrotehniku na Univerzitetu Viskonsin-Milvoki 1950,[5] dok je radio u Centralabu, odeljenju Globe-Junion korporacije u Milvokiju.
Karijera uredi
Sredinom 1958, Kilbi, novozaposleni inženjer u Teksas Instrumentsu (TI), još nije imao pravo na letnji odmor. Leto je proveo radeći na problemu dizajna kola koji se obično naziva „tiranija brojeva”, i konačno je došao do zaključka da masovna proizvodnja komponenti kola u jednom komadu poluprovodničkog materijala može da pruži rešenje. On je 12. septembra predstavio svoja otkrića upravi kompanije, među kojima je bio i Mark Šepard. Pokazao im je komad germanijuma sa pričvršćenim osciloskopom, pritisnuo prekidač, a osciloskop je pokazao neprekidni sinusni talas, dokazujući da njegovo integrisano kolo radi, i time da je rešio problem.[6] Američki patent 3,138,743[7] za „minijaturizovana elektronska kola”, prvo integrisano kolo, podnet je 6. februara 1959. godine.[8] Zajedno sa Robertom Nojsom[9] (koji je samostalno napravio slično kolo nekoliko meseci kasnije), Kilbi se generalno smatra koizumiteljem integrisanog kola.
Džek Kilbi je nastavio sa pionirskom vojnom, industrijskom i komercijalnom primenom tehnologije mikročipova. Bio je na čelu timova koji su stvorili prvi vojni sistem i prvi računar koji je sadržao integrisana kola. Izmislio je ručni kalkulator (zajedno sa Džerijem Merimenom i Džejmsom Van Taselom[10]). On je takođe bio odgovoran za termalni štampač koji se koristio u ranim prenosivim terminalima za podatke.
Godine 1970, uzeo je odsustvo iz TI da bi radio kao nezavisni pronalazač. Istraživao je, između ostalih predmeta, upotrebu silicijumske tehnologije za generisanje električne energije iz sunčeve svetlosti. Od 1978. do 1984. bio je na poziciji uvaženog profesora elektrotehnike na Teksaškom A&M univerzitetu.
Godine 1983, Kilbi se povukao iz Teksas Instrumentsa.
Nasleđe uredi
Umro je od raka 20. juna 2005. u 81. godini u Dalasu u Teksasu.[11]
Teksas Instruments je 14. decembra 2005. godine stvorio Istorijske TI arhive. Porodica Džek Kilbi poklonila je njegove lične rukopise i ličnu kolekciju fotografija Južnom metodističkom univerzitetu (SMU). Kolekcija je katalogizovana i pohranjena u DeGoljer biblioteci, SMU.
Godine 2008, SMU tehnička škola, sa DeGoljer bibliotekom i Kongresnom bibliotekom, bila je domaćin jednogodišnje proslave 50. godišnjice rođenja digitalnog doba sa Kilbijevim pronalaskom integrisanog kola, za koji je dobio Nobelovu nagradu. Simpozijumi i eksponati ispitivali su mnoge načine na koje su tehnologija i inženjeri oblikovali savremeni svet. Kilbi je imao počasni doktorat nauka iz SMU i bio je dugogodišnji saradnik SMU preko Kilbi fondacije.
Statua Džeka Kilbija stoji u Tekas Instruments plaža u kampusu Univerziteta Teksas u Dalasu.[12]
Nagrade i počasti uredi
Recognition of Kilby's outstanding achievements have been made by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), including the election to IEEE Fellow in 1966, the IEEE David Sarnoff Award in 1966,[13] co-recipient of the first IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award in 1978,[14] the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984 and the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1986.[15] He was co-recipient of the Franklin Institute’s Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1966.[16] In 1982 and 1989, he received the Holley Medal from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).[17] He was elected to member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 1967[18] and received the Academy's Vladimir K. Zworykin Award in 1975. Kilby received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1970[19] and was co-recipient of the first NAE's Charles Stark Draper Prize in 1989.[20] The Kilby Award Foundation was founded in 1980 in his honor, and the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal was created in 1995. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2001.[21]
In 1993, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize by the Inamori Foundation. He was awarded both the Washington Award, administered by the Western Society of Engineers and the Eta Kappa Nu Vladimir Karapetoff Award in 1999. In 2000, Kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his breakthrough discovery, and delivered his personal view of the industry and its history in his acceptance speech. Arhivirano 2008-05-29 na sajtu Wayback Machine
The Jack Kilby Computer Centre at the Merchiston Campus of Edinburgh Napier University in Edinburgh is also named in his honor.[22]
Kilbijevi patenti uredi
- U.S. Patent 2.892.130 Plug-in Circuit Units, filed December 1953, issued June 1959, assigned to Globe-Union, Inc.
- U.S. Patent 3.072.832 Semiconductor Structure Fabrication, filed May 1959, issued January 1963
- U.S. Patent 3.115.581 Miniature Semiconductor Integrated Circuit, filed May 1959, issued December 1963
- U.S. Patent 3.138.721 Miniature Semiconductor Network Diode and Gate, filed May 1959, issued June 1964
- U.S. Patent 3.138.743 Miniaturized Electronic Circuits, filed February 6, 1959, issued June, 1964
- U.S. Patent 3.138.744 Miniaturized Self-contained Circuit Modules, filed May 1959, issued June 1964
- U.S. Patent 3.435.516 Semiconductor Structure Fabrication, filed May 1959, issued April 1969
- U.S. Patent 3.496.333 Thermal Printer, filed October 1965, issued February 1970
- U.S. Patent 3.819.921 Miniature Electronic Calculator, originally filed September 1967, issued June 1974
Reference uredi
- ^ „The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000”. NobelPrize.org (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 28. 12. 2018.
- ^ „The Chip that Jack Built”. IT Invention. Pristupljeno 27. 5. 2014.
- ^ „Jack Kilby | Nobel Prize-Winning Engineer & Inventor | Britannica”. www.britannica.com (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2024-02-03.
- ^ „Jack St. Clair Kilby - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society”.
- ^ „10 Ways UWM Engineers Improved Milwaukee and the World (July)”. Arhivirano iz originala 07. 11. 2019. g. Pristupljeno 05. 09. 2022.
- ^ Das, Saswato R. (2008-09-19). „Opinion | The chip that changed the world (Published 2008)”. The New York Times (na jeziku: engleski). ISSN 0362-4331. Pristupljeno 2021-02-04.
- ^ U.S. Patent 3,138,743
- ^ „The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000”. Nobel Foundation. Pristupljeno 2011-07-14.
- ^ Wolfe, Tom (1983). „The Tinkerings of Robert Noyce”. Esquire Magazine: 346—74. Arhivirano iz originala 27. 2. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 2010-05-07.
- ^ Stengle, Jamie (7. 3. 2019). „Jerry Merryman, co-inventor of handheld electronic calculator, dies at 86”. The Washington Post. Pristupljeno 8. 3. 2019.
- ^ Markoff, John (22. 6. 2005). „Jack S. Kilby, an Inventor of the Microchip, Is Dead at 81”. New York Times. Pristupljeno 9. 1. 2022.
- ^ Statue of Jack Kilby
- ^ „IEEE David Sarnoff Award Recipients” (PDF). IEEE. Pristupljeno 2011-12-06.
- ^ „IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award Recipients” (PDF). IEEE. Pristupljeno 2011-12-06.
- ^ „IEEE Medal of Honor Recipients” (PDF). IEEE. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2015-04-22. g. Pristupljeno 2011-12-06.
- ^ „Franklin Laureate Database – Stuart Ballantine Medal 1966 Laureates”. Franklin Institute. Arhivirano iz originala 10. 12. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 2011-12-06.
- ^ „Holley Medal”. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Pristupljeno 2011-12-06.
- ^ „NAE Members Directory – Mr. Jack S. Kilby”. National Academy of Engineering. Pristupljeno 2011-12-06.
- ^ „Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement”. www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
- ^ „Recipients of The Charles Stark Draper Prize”. National Academy of Engineering. Pristupljeno 2011-12-06.
- ^ „APS Member History”. search.amphilsoc.org. Pristupljeno 2021-10-19.
- ^ „School of Computing – Facilities & Resources”. Edinburgh Napier University. Pristupljeno 2012-07-24.
Literatura uredi
- Berlin, Leslie (2005). The man behind the microchip: Robert Noyce and the invention of Silicon Valley. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-516343-5.
- Lécuyer, Christophe (2006). Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930-1970. MIT Press. ISBN 0262122812.
- Nobel lectures, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2000.
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- Honoring Jack Kilby website, with resource archive of articles, Kilby statue in Great Bend, KS etc.
- "Jack St. Clair Kilby: A Man of Few Words", biography by Ed Millis.
- "Video about Jack Kilby" na sajtu YouTube, video presentation from Texas Instruments.
- "From concept to cosmos: How Jack Kilby's integrated circuit transformed the electronics industry", biography by Texas Instruments.
- Oral history interview with Jack S. Kilby at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Interview covers Kilby's entire career, including his education, work experiences at Centralab, where he worked with Alfred Khouri and Robert Wolff, and Texas Instruments (TI) under Willis Adcock. Kilby discusses TI's development and manufacturing of integrated circuits. He discusses his involvement in the development of the first hand-held calculator at TI. Discusses semiconductor developments at Fairchild Corporation and his independent work after leaving TI in 1970.
- "Jack Kilby, Touching Lives on Micro and Macro Scales" by T.R. Reid, The Washington Post (June 2005).
- Obituary: The Economist, Jul 7th 2005]
- Džek Kilbi na sajtu Find a Grave (jezik: engleski)
- Džek Kilbi na sajtu Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2000 Turning Potential into Reality: The Invention of the Integrated Circuit
- Jack S. Kilby Patents
- „IEEE Global History Network – Jack Kilby: Biography”. IEEE. Pristupljeno 2. 3. 2011.
- The Chip That Jack Built, a short film by public television station KERA profiling Kilby
- "Tribute to Jack Kilby", Dream 2047, November 2005