Gaza
древна левантинска метропола и савремени град у појасу Газе, држава Палестина
Gaza (arap. غزة [Ġazzah]; hebr. עזה ['Azzah]) je najveći grad u Pojasu Gaze koji je deo Palestine. Nalazi se na obali Mediterana i ima oko 400000 stanovnika. Veliki deo populacije čine Palestinske izbeglice. Grad ima dugu istoriju koja seže do 2000. godine p. n. e.[2] U gradu se nalazi veliki broj značajnih građevina od kojih se izdvaja džamija Al Omari iz 12. veka, kao i crkva Svetog Porfirija iz 4. veka.
| Gaza | |
|---|---|
 Pogled na grad | |
| Administrativni podaci | |
| Država |  Palestina |
| Teritorija | Palestinske teritorije |
| Stanovništvo | |
| Stanovništvo | |
| — 2017. | 590.481 |
| Aglomeracija | . |
| Geografske karakteristike | |
| Koordinate | 31° 30′ S; 34° 27′ I / 31.5° S; 34.45° I |
| Površina | 295,1 km²[1] km2 |
  Gaza Gaza na karti Palestinskih teritorija | |
| Ostali podaci | |
| Gradonačelnik | Džamal Abu Mošin |
Ovde se nalazi veći broj arheoloških nalazišta iz duge istorije. Među njima su i ostaci manastira Svetog Ilariona koji se prostiru na dva hektara, a otkriveni su 1999. godine.[3]
Geografija uredi
Gaza leži 78 km jugozapadno od Jerusalema, 71 km južno od Tel Aviva[4] i 30 km južno od Rafaha.[5] Istorijski centar Gaze leži na niskom brežuljku (14 m), veći deo današnjeg grada prostire se po ravnici ispod centra, koji se rastegao prema severu i istoku. Luka i plaža Gaze udaljene su 3 km u smeru zapada. Najveći problem Gaze je nedostatak pitke vode, podzemne vode su jedini, ali danas nedostatni izvor, najbliži vodotok Vadi Gaza ima vode samo zimi, a leti presuši.
Klima uredi
Gaza ima vruću poluaridnu klimu (Kepen: BSh), mediteranskih karakteristika, sa blagim kišovitim zimama i suvim vrućim letima.[6] Proleće stiže oko marta – aprila, a najtopliji meseci su jul i avgust, sa prosečnom najvišom temperaturom od 33 °C (91 °F). Najhladniji mesec je januar sa temperaturama obično od 18 °C (64 °F). Kiše je malo i uglavnom pada između novembra i marta, sa godišnjim stopama padavina približno od 390 mm (15 in).[7]
| Klima Gaze | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pokazatelj \ Mesec | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | Maj | Jun | Jul | Avg. | Sep. | Okt. | Nov. | Dec. | God. |
| Maksimum, °C (°F) | 18,3 (64,9) |
18,9 (66) |
21,1 (70) |
24,4 (75,9) |
27,2 (81) |
29,4 (84,9) |
30,6 (87,1) |
31,7 (89,1) |
30,6 (87,1) |
28,9 (84) |
25,0 (77) |
20,6 (69,1) |
25,6 (78,1) |
| Prosek, °C (°F) | 13,9 (57) |
14,5 (58,1) |
16,4 (61,5) |
19,1 (66,4) |
21,8 (71,2) |
24,5 (76,1) |
26,0 (78,8) |
27,0 (80,6) |
25,6 (78,1) |
23,3 (73,9) |
19,8 (67,6) |
16,1 (61) |
20,67 (69,19) |
| Minimum, °C (°F) | 9,4 (48,9) |
10,0 (50) |
11,6 (52,9) |
13,8 (56,8) |
16,4 (61,5) |
19,5 (67,1) |
21,4 (70,5) |
22,2 (72) |
20,5 (68,9) |
17,7 (63,9) |
14,5 (58,1) |
11,6 (52,9) |
15,7 (60,3) |
| Količina padavina, mm (in) | 104 (4,09) |
76 (2,99) |
30 (1,18) |
13 (0,51) |
3 (0,12) |
1 (0,04) |
0 (0) |
1 (0,04) |
3 (0,12) |
18 (0,71) |
64 (2,52) |
81 (3,19) |
390 (15,35) |
| Relativna vlažnost, % | 85 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 84 | 87 | 86 | 87 | 86 | 74 | 78 | 81 | 83 |
| Sunčani sati — mesečni prosek | 204,6 | 192,1 | 241,8 | 264,0 | 331,7 | 339,0 | 353,4 | 337,9 | 306,0 | 275,9 | 237,0 | 204,6 | 3.288 |
| Sunčani sati — dnevni prosek | 6,6 | 6,8 | 7,8 | 8,8 | 10,7 | 11,3 | 11,4 | 10,9 | 10,2 | 8,9 | 7,9 | 6,6 | 9,1 |
| Izvor: Arab Meteorology Book[8] | |||||||||||||
Vidi još uredi
Reference uredi
- ^ „Gaza City”. Gaza Municipality. Arhivirano iz originala 20. 6. 2008. g. Pristupljeno 2009-02-16.
- ^ „Gaza (Gaza Strip)”. International Dictionary of Historic Places. 4. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. 1996. str. 87—290.
- ^ Arheolozi pokušavaju da sačuvaju drevne ruševine Gaze („Večernje novosti“, 20. avgust 2013)
- ^ Distance from Gaza to Tel Aviv Arhivirano 2011-06-11 na sajtu Wayback Machine and Distance from Gaza to Jerusalem Arhivirano 2011-06-11 na sajtu Wayback Machine Time and Date AS.
- ^ Welcome to Rafah Palestine Remembered.
- ^ „Gaza”. Global Security. Pristupljeno 2009-01-25.
- ^ „Monthly Averages for Gaza, Gaza Strip”. MSN Weather. Arhivirano iz originala 2009-02-10. g. Pristupljeno 2009-01-15.
- ^ „Appendix I: Meteorological Data” (PDF). Springer. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 4. 3. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 25. 10. 2015.
Literatura uredi
- Abu-Lughod, J.; Dumper, Michael (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
- Barron, J.B., ur. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Bitton-Askeloni, Bruria; Kofsky, Arieh (2004). Christian Gaza In Late Antiquity. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-13868-1.
- Butt, Gerald (1995). Life at the crossroads: a history of Gaza. Rimal Publications. ISBN 1-900269-03-1.
- Chilton, John; Hydrogeologists, International Association of (1999). Groundwater in the Urban Environment: Proceedings of the XXVII IAH Congress on Groundwater in the Urban Environment, Nottingham UK, 21–27 September 1997. Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-90-5410-924-2.
- Cohen, Amnon; Lewis, B. (1978). „Population and Revenue in the Towns of Palestine in the Sixteenth Century”. Princeton University Press.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Doumani, B. (1995). Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700–1900. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20370-4.
- Dowling, T.E. (1913). „Gaza: A City of Many Battles (from the family of Noah to the Present Day)”. S.P.C.K.
- Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
- Feldman, Ilana (2008). Governing Gaza: Bureaucracy, Authority, and the Work of Rule, 1917–1967. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4240-3.
- Filiu, J.-P. (2014). Gaza: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-020189-0.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Husseini, Rafiq; Barnea, Tamara (2002). Separate and Cooperate, Cooperate and Separate: The Disengagement of the Palestine Health Care System from Israel and Its Emergence as an Independent System. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-275-97583-5.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- be-Yiśraʼel, Makhon le-minhal tsiburi (1966). „Public Administration in Israel and Abroad”. Israel Institute of Public Administration.
- Jacobs, Daniel; Eber, Shirley; Silvani, Francesca (1998). Israel and the Palestinian territories. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-248-0.
- Lipchin, Clive; Pallant, Eric; Saranga, Danielle (2007). Integrated Water Resources Management and Security in the Middle East. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-5984-1.
- Meyer, Martin Abraham (1907). History of the city of Gaza: from the earliest times to the present day. Columbia University Press.
- Patai, R. (1999). The Children of Noah: Jewish Seafaring in Ancient Times (3rd, illustrated izd.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00968-1.
- Pringle, Denys (1993). The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: Volume I A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39036-2.
- Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; Schellinger, Paul E. (1994). International Dictionary of Historic Places. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-884964-03-9.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. 2. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Sabbagh, K. (2008). Palestine: History of a Lost Nation. Grove Press. ISBN 978-1-900949-48-4.
- Shahin, Mariam (2005). Palestine: A Guide. Interlink Books. ISBN 1-56656-557-X.
- Sharon, M. (2009). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, G. 4. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-17085-8.
- Shatzman, Israel (1991). The armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod: from Hellenistic to Roman frameworks. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-16-145617-6.
- Sheehan, Sean (2000). Israel Handbook: With the Palestinian Authority Areas. Footprint Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-900949-48-4.
- Strange, Le, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Ze'evi, Dror (1996). An Ottoman Century: The District of Jerusalem in the 1600s. SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-2915-6.
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- Internet prezentacija
- Municipality of Gaza Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (19. децембар 2013)
- Gaza at Google Maps
- The achievements of the municipal council for a period of 5 years (2008–2013) in Arabic Arhivirano 2014-08-19 na sajtu Wayback Machine