Википедија

Guljelmo Markoni

италијански инжењер и физичар

Guljelmo Markoni (ital. Guglielmo Marconi; Bolonja, 25. april 1874 — Rim, 20. jul 1937) bio je italijanski[1][2][3][4] inženjer i fizičar, poznat po svom pionirskom radu na radio-prenosu na velike udaljenosti,[5] razvoju Markonijevog zakona i radio-telegrafskom sistemu. Jedan od osnivača bežične telegrafije i izumitelja radija.[6] [a] Od 1896. godine živeo je u Engleskoj, gde je 1897. godine patentirao primenu elektromagnetskih talasa za bežičnu telegrafiju. Godine 1901, Markoni je prvi uspešno prikazao prenos radio-signala preko Atlantskog okeana. Godine 1932, upotrebio je decimetarske radio-talase, a za radove na bežičnoj telegrafiji podelio je 1909. sa Braunom Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku.[8][9][10]

Guljelmo Markoni
Guljelmo Markoni
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja(1874-04-25)25. april 1874.
Mesto rođenjaBolonja, Kraljevina Italija
Datum smrti20. jul 1937.(1937-07-20) (63 god.)
Mesto smrtiRim, Kraljevina Italija
ObrazovanjeUniverzitet u Bolonji
Naučni rad
Poljefizika
Nagrade Nobelova nagrada za fiziku

Markoni je deo svoje karijere proveo radeći kod Nikole Tesle kao tehničar i tu je video i radio sa nekim tehničkim pronalascima koje će nastaviti da razvija samostalno. Iako mu je priznat patent na radio prenos, ubrzo mu je poništen da bi američki patentni zavod 1904. godine ponovo priznao patent za radio prenos zbog čega nastaje dugogodišnji sudski patentni spor oko prava prvenstva na ovaj pronalazak. Tesla podnosi tužbu 1915. godine, ali ubrzo bankrotira, tako da ovaj spor ostaje dugo da se vodi. Vrhovni sud SAD je 1943. godine posle Tesline smrti priznao pravo Nikole Tesle na ovaj patent, mada nije retkost da se još ponegde nađu tvrdnje da je upravo Markoni izumeo radio.

Markoni takođe je bio preduzetnik, biznismen i osnivač kompanije The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company u Velikoj Britaniji 1897. godine (koja je postala kompanija Markoni). On je uspeo je da postigne inženjerski i komercijalni uspeh radija inoviranjem i nadogradnjom na radu prethodnih eksperimenata i fizičara.[11][12] Godine 1929. Markoni je postao plemić, sticanjem zvanja markiz od italijanskog kralja Viktora Emanuela III, a 1931. je za papu Pija XI postavio Vatikanski radio.

Napomene uredi

  1. ^ Od 1943. Nikola Tesla se smatra pronalazačem radija, koji je predložen u patentu[7] predatom Patentnom birou SAD 20. marta 1900.

Reference uredi

  1. ^ „Guglielmo Marconi | Italian physicist”. 
  2. ^ „This week in tech”. The Telegraph. 28. 4. 2017. 
  3. ^ „Guglielmo Marconi”. 
  4. ^ Gavin Weightman, The Industrial Revolutionaries: The Making of the Modern World 1776–1914, Grove/Atlantic, Inc. – 2010, page 357
  5. ^ Bondyopadhyay, Prebir K. (1995). „Guglielmo Marconi – The father of long distance radio communication – An engineer's tribute”. 25th European Microwave Conference, 1995. str. 879. S2CID 6928472. doi:10.1109/EUMA.1995.337090. 
  6. ^ Hong, str. 1
  7. ^ Patent 0645576: "System of Transmission of Electrical Energy", Pristupljeno 12. oktobra 2014.
  8. ^ "Guglielmo Marconi: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909"
  9. ^ Bondyopadhyay, P.K. (1998). „Sir J.C. Bose diode detector received Marconi's first transatlantic wireless signal of December 1901 (the 'Italian Navy Coherer' Scandal Revisited)”. Proceedings of the IEEE. 86: 259. doi:10.1109/5.658778. 
  10. ^ Roy, Amit (8. 12. 2008). „Cambridge 'pioneer' honour for Bose”. The Telegraph. Kolkota. Pristupljeno 10. 6. 2010. 
  11. ^ Icons of Invention: The Makers of the Modern World from Gutenberg to Gates. ABC-CLIO. 2009. str. 162. ISBN 978-0-313-34743-6. 
  12. ^ Mulvihill, Mary (2003). Ingenious Ireland: A County-by-County Exploration of the Mysteries and Marvels of the Ingenious Irish. Simon and Schuster. str. 313. ISBN 978-0-684-02094-5. 

Literatura uredi

  • Bondyopadhyay, Prebir K. (1995). „Guglielmo Marconi – The father of long distance radio communication – An engineer's tribute”. 25th European Microwave Conference, 1995. str. 879. S2CID 6928472. doi:10.1109/EUMA.1995.337090. 
  • Hong, Sungook (2001). Wireless: From Marconi's Black-Box to the Audion (PDF). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-08298-5. 
  • Bussey, Gordon, Marconi's Atlantic Leap, Marconi Communications. 2000. ISBN 0-9538967-0-6.
  • Isted, G.A., Guglielmo Marconi and the History of Radio – Part I, General Electric Company, p.l.c., GEC Review, Volume 7, No. 1, p45, 1991, ISSN 0267-9337
  • Isted, G.A., Guglielmo Marconi and the History of Radio – Part II, General Electric Company, p.l.c., GEC Review, Volume 7, No. 2, p110, 1991, ISSN 0267-9337
  • Marconi, Degna, My Father, Marconi, James Lorimer & Co, 1982. ISBN 0-919511-14-7 (Italian version): Marconi, mio padre, Di Renzo Editore. 2008. ISBN 88-8323-206-2.
  • Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company, Year book of wireless telegraphy and telephony, London: Published for the Marconi Press Agency Ltd., by the St. Catherine Press / Wireless Press. LCCN 14017875 sn 86035439
  • Simons, R.W., Guglielmo Marconi and Early Systems of Wireless Communication, General Electric Company, p.l.c., GEC Review, Volume 11, No. 1, p37, 1996, ISSN 0267-9337
  • Ahern, Steve (ed), Making Radio (2nd Edition) Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2006 ISBN 9781741149128.
  • Aitken, Hugh G. J., Syntony and Spark: The Origins of Radio, New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1976. ISBN 0-471-01816-3.
  • Aitken, Hugh G. J (1985). The Continuous Wave: Technology and American Radio, 1900–1932. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08376-2. 
  • Anderson, Leland I., Priority in the Invention of Radio – Tesla vs. Marconi
  • Baker, W. J., A History of the Marconi Company, 1970.
  • Brodsky, Ira. The History of Wireless: How Creative Minds Produced Technology for the Masses (Telescope Books, 2008)
  • Cheney, Margaret, Tesla: Man Out of Time Laurel Publishing, 1981. Chapter 7, esp pp 69, re: published lectures of Tesla in 1893, copied by Marconi.
  • Clark, Paddy, "Marconi's Irish Connections Recalled," published in 100 Years of Radio, IEE Conference Publication 411, 1995.
  • Coe, Douglas and Kreigh Collins (ills), Marconi, pioneer of radio, New York, J. Messner, Inc., 1943. LCCN 43010048
  • Garratt, G. R. M., The early history of radio: from Faraday to Marconi, London, Institution of Electrical Engineers in association with the Science Museum, History of technology series, 1994. ISBN 0-85296-845-0 LCCN gb 94011611
  • Geddes, Keith, Guglielmo Marconi, 1874–1937, London : H.M.S.O., A Science Museum booklet, 1974. ISBN 0-11-290198-0 LCCN 75329825 (ed. Obtainable in the United States. from Pendragon House Inc., Palo Alto, California.)
  • Hancock, Harry Edgar, Wireless at sea; the first fifty years: A history of the progress and development of marine wireless communications written to commemorate the jubilee of the Marconi International Marine Communication Company, Limited, Chelmsford, Eng., Marconi International Marine Communication Co., 1950. LCCN 51040529 /L
  • Homer, Peter and O'Connor, Finbar, Marconi Wireless Radio Station: Malin Head from 1902, 2014.
  • Hughes, Michael and Bosworth, Katherine, Titanic Calling : Wireless Communications During the Great Disaster, Oxford, Worldcat.org. 2012. ISBN 978-1-85124-377-8.
  • Janniello, Maria Grace, Monteleone, Franco and Paoloni, Giovanni (eds) (1996), One hundred years of radio: From Marconi to the future of the telecommunications. Catalogue of the extension, Venice: Marsilio.
  • Jolly, W. P., Marconi, 1972.
  • Larson, Erik, Thunderstruck, New York: Crown Publishers, 2006. ISBN 1-4000-8066-5 A comparison of the lives of Hawley Harvey Crippen and Marconi. Crippen was a murderer whose Transatlantic escape was foiled by the new invention of shipboard radio.
  • MacLeod, Mary K. (1992). Marconi: The Canada Years – 1902–1946. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Nimbus Publishing Limited. ISBN 1551093308. 
  • Masini, Giancarlo, Guglielmo Marconi, Turin: Turinese typographical-publishing union, 1975. LCCN 77472455 (ed. Contains 32 tables outside of the text)
  • Mason, H. B. (1908). Encyclopaedia of ships and shipping, Wireless Telegraphy. London: Shipping Encyclopaedia. 1908.
  • Perry, Lawrence (1902). „Commercial Wireless Telegraphy”. The World's Work: A History of Our Time. V: 3194—3201. Pristupljeno 10. 7. 2009. 
  • Raboy, Marc. Marconi: The Man Who Networked the World (Oxford University Press, 2016) 872 pp. online review
  • Stone, Ellery W., Elements of Radiotelegraphy
  • Weightman, Gavin, Signor Marconi's magic box: the most remarkable invention of the 19th century & the amateur inventor whose genius sparked a revolution, 1st Da Capo Press ed., Cambridge, MA : Da Capo Press. 2003. ISBN 0-306-81275-4.
  • Winkler, Jonathan Reed. Nexus: Strategic Communications and American Security in World War I. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008). Account of rivalry between Marconi's firm and the United States government during World War I.

Spoljašnje veze uredi

 
Guljelmo Markoni na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.

vs Tesla

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