Zanzibarski arhipelag
Zanzibarski arhipelag (arap. أرخبيل زنجبار, sva. Funguvisiwa la Zanzibar) je arhipelag sačinjen od nekoliko ostrva na pučini istočne Afrike, južno od Somalijskog mora, u Indijskom okeanu. Poznat je i pod nazivom Ostrva začina. Od četiri glavna ostrva koja ga čine, na tri ima ljudske populacije, dok je četvrto koralno ostrvo, koje služi morskim pticama. Osim glavnih, u sastav arhipelaga ulazi i nekoliko manjih ostrva i hridova.[1]
 | |
| Geografija | |
|---|---|
| Površina | 2.654 km2 |
| Visina | 135 m |
| Administracija | |
| Najveći grad | Zanzibar |
| Demografija | |
| Stanovništvo | 1303569 |
| Gustina st. | 491,17 stan./km2 |
Veći deo arhipelaga pripada Zanzibaru, polu-autonomnoj oblasti Tanzanije, dok ostrvo Mafija pripada oblasti Pvani.
Ostrva uredi
Zanzibarski arhipelag čine sledeća 4 glavna ostrva:
- Ungudža — najveće ostrvo[2][3]
- Pemba — drugo po veličini[4][5][6]
- Latam — malo i nenaseljeno[7][8][9]
- Mafija — pripada oblasti Pvani[10][11]
Pembu okružuje još 23 manja ostrva, od kojih su 7 naseljenih.[12]
Vidi još uredi
Reference uredi
- ^ Lizzie Williams (2005). Africa Overland. New Holland Publishers. ISBN 1-77007-187-3.
- ^ Zanzibar (2007). Zanzibar strategy for growth and reduction of poverty (ZSGRP). Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar. str. 2. Pristupljeno 15. 12. 2011.
- ^ „Population Distribution by Administrative Units, United Republic of Tanzania” (PDF). 2013. str. 2. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2013-05-02. g.
- ^ Tanzania in figures 2012, National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance, June 2013, page 7 Arhivirano 2013-11-26 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- ^ „Africa: Dive of a lifetime on Pemba Island”. 2. 3. 2010. Pristupljeno 11. 3. 2012.
- ^ „Divernet: Fun at Fundu”. Arhivirano iz originala 17. 10. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 11. 3. 2012.
- ^ Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, United Republic of Tanzania, Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, United Nations Economic and Social Council, E/C.12/TZA/1-3, 28 March 2011, page 5
- ^ Mahongo, Shigalla. „The Tanzanian National Sea Level Report” (PDF). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 16. 3. 2014. g. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2014.
- ^ „Bird Life International”. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2014.
- ^ Kock, Dieter; Stanley, William T. (2009). „Mammals of Mafia Island, Tanzania”. Mammalia. 73 (4): 339—352. S2CID 83780678. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2009.046.
- ^ „Mafia in Detail: History”. Lonely Planet. Arhivirano iz originala 24. 3. 2021. g.
- ^ Pemba - The clove island 1:100,000, Map & Guide, 2013, Dept. of Surveys and mapping, Chake-Chake
Literatura uredi
- Finke, J. (2006) The Rough Guide to Zanzibar (2nd edition). New York: Rough Guides.
- Gwynne, M. D; Parker, I. S. C; Wood, D. G (1970). „Latham Island: An Ecological Note”. The Geographical Journal. 136 (2): 247—251. JSTOR 1796284. doi:10.2307/1796284.
- „Latham Island”. BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Pristupljeno 27. 2. 2021.
- „Bird Life International”. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2014.
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- Li, Joanna (2018-06-07). „Zanzibar Leopard Captured on Camera, Despite Being Declared Extinct”. Inside Edition. Pristupljeno 2018-08-16.
- Seaburn, Paul (2018-06-12). „Extinct 'Evil' Zanzibar Leopard Seen Alive in Tanzania”. Mysterious Universe. Pristupljeno 2019-06-26.</ref>
- Kalley, Jacqueline Audrey; Schoeman, Elna; Andor, Lydia Eve (1999), Southern African Political History, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-30247-3.*Kuper, Leo (1971), „Theories of Revolution and Race Relations”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 13 (1): 87—107, JSTOR 178199, S2CID 145769109, doi:10.1017/S0010417500006125.
- Myers, Garth A. (1994), „Making the Socialist City of Zanzibar”, Geographical Review, 84 (4): 451—464, JSTOR 215759, doi:10.2307/215759.
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- Triplett, George W. (1971), „Zanzibar: The Politics of Revolutionary Inequality”, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 9 (4): 612—617, JSTOR 160218, S2CID 153484206, doi:10.1017/S0022278X0005285X
- Ingrams, William Harold (1967). Zanzibar, its history and its people. Routledge. str. 43—46. ISBN 0-7146-1102-6.
- Meyer, Carol; Joan Markley Todd; Curt W. Beck (1991). „From Zanzibar to Zagros: A Copal Pendant from Eshnunna”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 50 (4): 289—298. JSTOR 545490. S2CID 161728895. doi:10.1086/373516.
- Fay, Robert (2005-04-07), „Swahili People”, African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.43544
- Ingrams, W. H. (1. 6. 1967). Zanzibar: Its History and Its People. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780714611020 — preko Google Books.
- Lewis, I. M. (1988). A Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa. Westview Press. str. 38. ISBN 978-0-8133-7402-4.
- Hamilton, Janice (1. 1. 2007). Somalia in Pictures
. Twenty-First Century Books. str. 28. ISBN 978-0-8225-6586-4. - Sadallah, Mwinyi (23. 1. 2006), „Revert to single party system, CUF Reps say”, The Guardian, Arhivirano iz originala 2. 8. 2007. g., Pristupljeno 14. 4. 2009
- Said, Salma (8. 4. 2009), „Thousand attend Karume memorial events in Zanzibar”, The Citizen, Tanzania
- Freedom House (2008), Freedom in the World – Tanzania, Pristupljeno 5. 4. 2012
- Commonwealth Secretariat (2005), Tanzania, Arhivirano iz originala 1. 12. 2008. g., Pristupljeno 10. 2. 2009
- „Welcome to VPP Zanzibar, Tanzania”. United States Virtual Presence Post. U.S. Department of State. Arhivirano iz originala 2011-02-03. g. Pristupljeno 27. 8. 2010.
- „2002 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS- General Report”. Arhivirano iz originala 2007-06-10. g. Pristupljeno 2016-02-03.
- Administrator. „Policies”. mca-t.go.tz. Arhivirano iz originala 2012-04-25. g.
- Office of Chief Government Statistician (2016). „Pwani Region: Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile (2012 Population and Housing Census)”. National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania).
- „Mafia Island”. The Africa Specialists. 19. 2. 2013. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 8. 2020. g.
- Kingdom, Sarah (22. 11. 2020). „Why You Should Add Mafia Island To Your Travel Bucket List”. Travel Awaits. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 1. 2021. g.
- „Mafia Island”. Sailing Directions (enroute) for East Africa and the South Indian Ocean. Hydrographic/Topographic Center, Defense Mapping Agency (US). 1983. str. 95.
- Sii, Petrus; Underhill, John R. (2015). „Role of Punctuated Subsidence and Structural Inversion in Creating East African Spice Islands”. 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition. 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers. str. 1—5. ISBN 978-94-6282-146-0. OCLC 7378154858. doi:10.3997/2214-4609.201412973.
- „Mafia Island”. BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Pristupljeno 28. 2. 2021.
- „Kua Ruins - Remains from a medieval Swahili town on Juani Island, Tanzania”. Zamani Project. Pristupljeno 29. 11. 2019.
- „WWF - Rufiji-Mafia-Kilwa Seascape Programme, Tanzania”. panda.org.
- „European Union”. europa.eu. Arhivirano iz originala 2016-03-16. g. Pristupljeno 2013-09-19.
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- Osborne, Hannah (13. 5. 2016). „Diver in Tanzania discovers ancient city submerged beneath the sea off Mafia Island”.
- „Pemba Island”. BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Pristupljeno 27. 2. 2021.
- Fleisher, Jeffrey; LaViolette, Adria (2013). „The early Swahili trade village of Tumbe, Pemba Island, Tanzania, AD 600–950”. Antiquity. 87 (338): 1151—1168. S2CID 163370129. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00049929.
- LaViolette, Adria; Fleisher, Jeffrey (2009). „The Urban History of a Rural Place: Swahili Archaeology on Pemba Island, Tanzania, 700–1500 AD”. International Journal of African Historical Studies. 42 (3): 433—455.
- „Potential MH370 debris found on island off African coast”. The Washington Post. Associated Press. 24. 6. 2016. Arhivirano iz originala 25. 6. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 24. 6. 2016.
- „The Constitution of The United Republic of Tanzania (PDF)”. Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2012-07-22. g. Pristupljeno 2009-09-01.
- „Tanzania Regional Profiles: Kaskazini Pemba Profile”. The United Republic of Tanzania. 2016. Arhivirano iz originala 14. 11. 2017. g.
- „Tanzania Regional Profiles: Kusini Pemba Profile”. The United Republic of Tanzania. 2016. Arhivirano iz originala 14. 11. 2017. g.
- „Pemba Surrounding Islands”. Zanzibar's Airports Authority. Arhivirano iz originala 19. 9. 2020. g.
- „A Trip to Pemba” (PDF). The Fumba Times (June - August, 2019). str. 8. Arhivirano (PDF) iz originala 21. 1. 2021. g.
- „The Pemba Channel Fishing Club”. Arhivirano iz originala 25. 4. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 8. 10. 2011.
