Izdaja

Izdaja je oblik prevare, kada se iznevjeri nečije povjerenje, nečija očekivanja ili se povrijede interesi grupe kojoj subjekat pripada. Najčešće uzrokuje jake osude i nije omiljena ni među onima kojima ide u korist. Kroz vjekove izdaja je smatrana jednim od najgorih činova koje osoba može uraditi za grupu kojoj pripada (državu, narod, pleme, vojsku itd.) i uglavnom se rigorozno kažnjavala.

Politička izdaja

Iako se danas ubistvo smatra najgorim zločinom, u prošlosti se politička izdaja (države, naroda itd.) smatrala gorom.^[1] U engleskom zakonu srednjeg vijeka izdaja se kažnjavala vješanjem, davljenjem i, na kraju, sječenjem na četiri dijela za muškarce, osnosno spaljivanjem na lomači za žene (zakon koji je važio sve do 1814).^[2]^[3]

Književnost

U srpskoj istoriji, književnosti i mitologiji Vuk Branković se smatra velikim grešnikom jer je izdao srpski narod u Kosovskoj bici. U Šekspirovoj predstavi Kralj Lir saznaje da ga je kćerka javno osramotila (što se takođe smatralo izdajom) i kaže: „Nije mogla to učiniti, ne bi ona to, to je gore od ubistva“. U Danteovoj „Božanstvenoj komediji“ najniži krugovi pakla su određeni za izdajnike. U hrišćanstvu, Juda, koji je izdao Isusa Hrista je izložen najgorim mukama i njegovo ime se često koristi za izdajnike, kao i Kvislingovo.

Lična izdaja

U prošlosti se i prevara muža smatrala izdajom. Osoba koja izda blisku ili dragu osobu često pati od svojevrsne traume, slične psihološkom stresu.

Ako izdate nekoga, gubite jedno od najvećih blaga života, gubite sposobnost da vjerujete. Jer, bez povjerenja, ljubav nije moguća
— Radžniš Ošo

Trauma izdaje

Trauma izdaje ima simptome slične posttraumatskom stresnom poremećaju,^[4] iako je element amnezije i disocijacije verovatno veći.

Ključna razlika između tradicionalnog posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja (PTSD) i traume izdaje je u tome što se prvi istorijski posmatra kao uzrokovan prvenstveno strahom, dok je trauma izdaje odgovor na ekstremni bes. Strah i bes su dve strane odgovora bori se ili beži, i kao takvi su naše najjače i najosnovnije psihološke emocije.^[5]^[6]^[7]

U romantičnim vezama

Džon Gotmanov rad Šta čini ljubav trajnom? opisuje izdaju kao „štetnog osvajača, koji dolazi sa velikom prikrivenošću“ koji podriva naizgled stabilne romanse i leži u srcu svake neuspešne veze, čak i ako par toga nije svestan.^[8] Gotman je izračunao metriku izdaje tako što je izračunao koliko je svaki partner bio nevoljan da se žrtvuje za drugog i vezu. Stalno povišena metrika izdaje služila je kao pokazatelj da je par u opasnosti od neverstva ili druge ozbiljne nelojalnosti. Neke vrste izdaje u romantičnim vezama uključuju seksualnu neveru, uslovnu posvećenost, neseksualnu aferu, laganje, formiranje koalicije protiv partnera, odsustvo ili hladnoću, povlačenje seksualnog interesa, nepoštovanje, nepravednost, sebičnost i kršenje obećanja.^[9]

Dvostruka prevara

Dvostruki prevara je fraza koja znači prevariti dvostrukim delom.^[10]

Slepilo izdajstva

Izdajničko slepilo je nesvesnost, nepoznavanje i zaborav koji ljudi pokazuju prema izdaji.^[11]

Termin „slepilo izdaje“ je uveo Frojd 1996. godine, a proširio ga je 1999. Zatim su slepilo izjave ponovo naglasili Frejd i Birel 2013. godine kroz teoriju Traume izdaje.^[11] Ovo slepilo za izdaju može se proširiti i na izdaje koje se ne smatraju tradicionalnim traumama, kao što su preljuba i nejednakosti. Izdajničko slepilo nije isključivo samo za žrtve. Počinioci i svedoci takođe mogu pokazati slepilo za izdaju kako bi sačuvali lične odnose, svoje odnose sa institucijama i društvenim sistemima od kojih zavise.^[11]

Izraz „institucionalna izdaja” odnosi se na nepravde koje je počinila institucija nad pojedincima koji zavise od te institucije. Ovo uključuje neuspeh da se spreče ili reaguje sa podrškom na krivična dela pojedinaca (npr. seksualni napad) počinjen u kontekstu institucije.^[11]

Reference

^ Lear, Floyd Seyward (2013). Treason in Roman and Germanic Law.
^ „Treason Act 1708”. Legislation.gov.uk. Crown. Pristupljeno 17. 11. 2012. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ „Crime and Disorder Act 1998”. Legislation.gov.uk. Crown. Pristupljeno 17. 11. 2012. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ Freyd, Jennifer J. „What is a Betrayal Trauma? What is Betrayal Trauma Theory?”. University of Oregon. Arhivirano iz originala 6. 7. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 2010-09-26. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza) [Link is now: http://pages.uoregon.edu/dynamic/jjf/defineBT.html Retrieved 2014-03-08]
^ Goldsmith, Rachel E.; Freyd, Jennifer J.; DePrince, Anne P. (februar 2012). „Betrayal trauma: associations with psychological and physical symptoms in young adults”. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 27 (3): 547—567. ISSN 1552-6518. PMID 21987504. S2CID 16087885. doi:10.1177/0886260511421672. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ Freyd, Jennifer J. (1998-02-06). Betrayal Trauma: The Logic of Forgetting Childhood Abuse (na jeziku: engleski) (Reprint izd.). Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06806-3.
^ GIESBRECHT, TIMO; MERCKELBACH, HARALD (2009). „Betrayal trauma theory of dissociative experiences: Stroop and directed forgetting findings”. The American Journal of Psychology. 122 (3): 337—348. JSTOR 27784407. PMID 19827703. S2CID 14485573. doi:10.2307/27784407.
^ Reis & Rusbult 2004, str. 296
^ Gottman, John (2012). What Makes Love Last. str. xvii, 14.
^ „double-cross”. Merriam-Webster. Pristupljeno 2010-07-18.
^ ^a ^b ^v ^g „Definition of Betrayal Trauma Theory”. pages.uoregon.edu. Pristupljeno 2016-12-02.

Literatura

Lear, Floyd Seyward (2013). Treason in Roman and Germanic Law.
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55,5, 469–480.
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Freyd, J. J. (1994). Betrayal-trauma: Traumatic amnesia as an adaptive response to childhood abuse. Ethics & Behavior, 4, 307–329.
Freyd, J. J. (1996). Betrayal trauma: The logic of forgetting childhood abuse. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Freyd, J. J., & Birrell, P. J. (2013). Blind to Betrayal: Why we fool ourselves we aren't being fooled Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (3. januar 2023). Somerset, NJ: Wiley.
Freyd, J. J ., Klest, B., & Allard, C. B. (2005) Betrayal trauma: Relationship to physical health, psychological distress, and a written disclosure intervention. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6(3), 83-104.
Hensley, A. L (2004). Why good people go bad: A psychoanalytic and behavioral assessment of the Abu Ghraib Detention Facility staff. An unpublished courts-martial defense strategy presented to the Area Defense Counsel in Washington DC on December 10, 2004.
Hensley, A. L. (2006). „Contracts don't always begin on the dotted line: Psychological contracts and PTSD in female service members in Iraq”. Arhivirano iz originala 24. 11. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 10. 10. 2010. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Hensley, A. L. (2007). Why good people go bad: A case study of the Abu Ghraib Courts-Martials. In G. W. Dougherty, Proceedings of the 5th annual proceedings of the Rocky Mountain Region Disaster Mental Health Conference. Ann Arbor, MI: Loving Healing Press.
Hensley, A. L. (2009a). Gender, personality, and coping: Unraveling gender in military post-deployment wellbeing (preliminary results). In G. Dougherty (Ed.). Return to equilibrium: Proceedings of the 7th Rocky Mountain Region Disaster Mental Health Conference (pp. 105–148). Ann Arbor, MI: Loving Healing Press.
Hensley, A. L. (2009b). Gender, personality and coping: Unraveling gender in military post-deployment physical and mental wellness. Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest UMI.
Hensley, A. L. (2009c). Betrayal trauma: Insidious purveyor of PTSD. In G. Dougherty (Ed.). Return to equilibrium: Proceedings of the 7th Rocky Mountain Region Disaster Mental Health Conference (pp. 105–148). Ann Arbor, MI: Loving Healing Press.
Hersey, B. & Buhl, M.(January/February 1990). The Betrayal of Date Rape. InView.
Jackson, R. L. (2000). „The Sense and Sensibility of Betrayal: Discovering the Meaning of Treachery through Jane Austen”. Humanitas. National Humanities Institute. XIII (2): 72—89.
Johnson-Laird, P. N (1983). Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness. Cambridge. : Cambridge University Press.
Maslow, A (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper. .
McNulty, F. (1980). The burning bed. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Musen, K. & Zimbardo, P. G. (1991). Quiet rage: The Stanford prison study. Videorecording. Stanford, CA: Psychology Dept., Stanford University.
Reis, H. T.; Rusbult, C. E. (2004). Close relationships: key readings. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-86377-596-3.
Robin Marie Kowalski (2009). „Betrayal”. Ur.: Harry T. Reis; Susan Sprecher; Susan K. Sprecher. Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. 1. SAGE. str. 174—176. ISBN 978-1-4129-5846-2.
James Allen Grady (2008). „Betrayal”. Ur.: Yudit Kornberg Greenberg. Encyclopedia of love in world religions. 1. ABC-CLIO. str. 74—76. ISBN 9781851099801.
Freyd, Jennifer J. (2008). „Betrayal trauma”. Ur.: G. Reyes; J.D. Elhai; J.D.Ford. Encyclopedia of Psychological Trauma. New York: John Wiley & Sons. str. 76.
Nachman Ben-Yehuda (2001). Betrayal and treason: violations of trust and loyalty. Crime & society. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-9776-4.
Reyes, Gilbert; Jon D. Elhai; Julian D. Ford (2008). „Betrayal trauma”. The Encyclopedia of Psychological Trauma. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-44748-2.
Alan L. Hensley (2009). „Betrayal Trauma: Insidious Purveyor of PTSD”. Ur.: George W. Doherty. Return to Equilibrium: The Proceedings of the 7th Rocky Mountain Region Disaster Mental Health Conference. Loving Healing Press. ISBN 978-1-932690-86-6.
Åkerström, Malin (1991). Betrayal and betrayers: the sociology of treachery. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-88738-358-8.
Warren H. Jones; Couch, Laurie; Susan Scott (1997). „Trust and Betrayal”. Ur.: Robert Hogan; John A. Johnson; Stephen R. Briggs. Handbook of personality psychology. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 978-0-12-134646-1.
Cosmides, Leda (1989-04-01). „The logic of social exchange: Has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task”. Cognition. 31 (3): 187—276. PMID 2743748. S2CID 26201979. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(89)90023-1.
McNally, Richard J. (april 2007). „Betrayal trauma theory: a critical appraisal”. Memory (Hove, England). 15 (3): 280—294; discussion 295—311. ISSN 0965-8211. PMID 17454665. S2CID 10975052. doi:10.1080/09658210701256506. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
DePrince, Anne P.; Brown, Laura S.; Cheit, Ross E.; Freyd, Jennifer J.; Gold, Steven N.; Pezdek, Kathy; Quina, Kathryn (2012). True and False Recovered Memories. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (na jeziku: engleski). 58. Springer, New York, NY. str. 193—242. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.458.2892  . ISBN 978-1-4614-1194-9. PMID 22303768. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1195-6_7.
Freyd, Jennifer (1996). Betrayal Trauma: The Logic of Forgetting Childhood Abuse. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
A., Ford, Julian D. 1951- Courtois, Christine. Treating complex traumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents : scientific foundations and therapeutic models. OCLC 952748360.
Smith, Carly Parnitzke; Freyd, Jennifer J. (2013-02-01). „Dangerous Safe Havens: Institutional Betrayal Exacerbates Sexual Trauma”. Journal of Traumatic Stress (na jeziku: engleski). 26 (1): 119—124. ISSN 1573-6598. PMID 23417879. S2CID 17532531. doi:10.1002/jts.21778.
Smith, Carly Parnitzke; Freyd, Jennifer J. (2014). „Institutional betrayal”. American Psychologist (na jeziku: engleski). 69 (6): 575—587. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.660.9888  . PMID 25197837. doi:10.1037/a0037564.
Smith, Cunningham Freyd (2016). „Sexual violence, institutional betrayal, and psychological outcomes for LGB college students” (PDF). Translational Issues in Psychological Science. 2 (4): 351—360. doi:10.1037/tps0000094.
Lind, Suris (2008). „Military sexual trauma: A review of prevalence and associated health consequences in veterans”. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse. 9 (4): 250—269. PMID 18936282. S2CID 31772000. doi:10.1177/1524838008324419.
Smith, Brad W.; Holmes, Malcolm D. (2014). „Police Use of Excessive Force in Minority Communities: A Test of the Minority Threat, Place, and Community Accountability Hypotheses”. Social Problems. 61 (1): 83—104. S2CID 9146083. doi:10.1525/sp.2013.12056.
Johnson, Ronn; Jacobs, Eric; Ross, David; Matteson, Rande (2015-01-01). „A Forensic Psychological Perspective on Criminal Looters, Suicide by Police Seekers, and Bad Cops: An Imperfect Cross Cultural Storm”. Faculty Articles. Pristupljeno 2022-07-01.
Klest, Tamaian (2017). „Institutional betrayal in the Canadian medical system: Reliability and validity of a self-report questionnaire”. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma: 1—17.
Scheinkman, Michele (2005-06-01). „Beyond the Trauma of Betrayal: Reconsidering Affairs in Couples Therapy”. Family Process (na jeziku: engleski). 44 (2): 227—244. ISSN 1545-5300. PMID 16013748. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2005.00056.x.
STARK, EVAN; BUZAWA, EVE (2009-06-08). Violence Against Women in Families and Relationships (na jeziku: engleski). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-275-99846-2.
Platt, Barton Freyd (2009). „A betrayal trauma perspective on domestic violence” (PDF). Violence Against Women in Families and Relationships. 1: 185—207.
Johnson, Susan M.; Makinen, Judy A.; Millikin, John W. (2001-04-01). „Attachment Injuries in Couple Relationships: A New Perspective on Impasses in Couples Therapy”. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy (na jeziku: engleski). 27 (2): 145—155. ISSN 1752-0606. PMID 11314548. S2CID 7814810. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2001.tb01152.x.
St. Vil, Noelle M.; Carter, Takisha; Johnson, Susan (2018-06-08). „Betrayal Trauma and Barriers to Forming New Intimate Relationships Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence”. Journal of Interpersonal Violence (na jeziku: engleski). 36 (7–8): NP3495—NP3509. ISSN 0886-2605. PMID 29884098. S2CID 46995709. doi:10.1177/0886260518779596.
PhD, Giovanni Liotti (2006-11-21). „A Model of Dissociation Based on Attachment Theory and Research”. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 7 (4): 55—73. ISSN 1529-9732. PMID 17182493. S2CID 281347. doi:10.1300/J229v07n04_04.
Schore, Allan N. (2002-02-01). „Dysregulation of the right brain: a fundamental mechanism of traumatic attachment and the psychopathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder”. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (na jeziku: engleski). 36 (1): 9—30. ISSN 1440-1614. PMID 11929435. S2CID 7761825. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00996.x.
Cassidy, Jude; Shaver, Phillip R. (2002-07-31). Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (na jeziku: engleski). Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-57230-826-8.
Padrón, Elena; Carlson, Elizabeth A.; Sroufe, L. Alan (2014). „Frightened Versus Not Frightened Disorganized Infant Attachment: Newborn Characteristics and Maternal Caregiving”. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 84 (2): 201—208. ISSN 0002-9432. PMC 4085543  . PMID 24826936. doi:10.1037/h0099390.
Kaehler, Laura; Freyd, Jennifer (2009). „Borderline Personality Characteristics: A Betrayal Trauma Approach”. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 1 (4): 261—268. S2CID 1863746. doi:10.1037/a0017833.
Platt, Melissa G.; Luoma, Jason B.; Freyd, Jennifer J. (2016-09-29). „Shame and Dissociation in Survivors of High and Low Betrayal Trauma”. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma (na jeziku: engleski). 26 (1): 34—49. ISSN 1092-6771. S2CID 51904101. doi:10.1080/10926771.2016.1228020.
Liotti, Giovanni (2006). „A Model of Dissociation Based on Attachment Theory and Research”. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (na jeziku: engleski). 7 (4): 55—73. PMID 17182493. S2CID 281347. doi:10.1300/j229v07n04_04.
Beder, Joan (2005-06-01). „Loss of the Assumptive World—How We Deal with Death and Loss”. OMEGA: Journal of Death and Dying (na jeziku: engleski). 50 (4): 255—265. ISSN 0030-2228. S2CID 146472737. doi:10.2190/GXH6-8VY6-BQ0R-GC04.
Polusny, Melissa A.; Ries, Barry J.; Schultz, Jessica R.; Calhoun, Patrick; Clemensen, Lisa; Johnsen, Ingrid R. (februar 2008). „PTSD symptom clusters associated with physical health and health care utilization in rural primary care patients exposed to natural disaster”. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 21 (1): 75—82. ISSN 0894-9867. PMID 18302175. S2CID 26275573. doi:10.1002/jts.20281. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Gomez, Jennifer; Kaehler, Laura; Freyd, Jennifer (2014). „Are Hallucinations Related to Betrayal Trauma Exposure? A Three-Study Exploration”. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 6 (6): 675—682. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.661.9506  . doi:10.1037/a0037084.
Delker, Brianna; Freyd, Jennifer (2014). „From Betrayal to the Bottle: Investigating Possible Pathways from Trauma to Problematic Substance Use”. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 27 (5): 576—584. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.660.6030  . PMID 25322887. doi:10.1002/jts.21959.
Briere, John; Scott, Catherine; Weathers, Frank (2005-12-01). „Peritraumatic and Persistent Dissociation in the Presumed Etiology of PTSD”. American Journal of Psychiatry. 162 (12): 2295—2301. ISSN 0002-953X. PMID 16330593. S2CID 23774042. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2295.
Putnam, F. W.; Guroff, J. J.; Silberman, E. K.; Barban, L.; Post, R. M. (jun 1986). „The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder: review of 100 recent cases”. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 47 (6): 285—293. ISSN 0160-6689. PMID 3711025. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. ISBN 978-0-89042-559-6. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. hdl:2027.42/138395.
Konkolÿ Thege, Barna; Horwood, Lewis; Slater, Linda; Tan, Maria C.; Hodgins, David C.; Wild, T. Cameron (2017-05-04). „Relationship between interpersonal trauma exposure and addictive behaviors: a systematic review”. BMC Psychiatry. 17 (1): 164. ISSN 1471-244X. PMC 5418764  . PMID 28472931. doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1323-1.
Baer, Judith C.; Martinez, Colleen Daly (2006). „Child maltreatment and insecure attachment: A meta-analysis (PDF Download Available)”. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology (na jeziku: engleski). 24 (3): 187—197. S2CID 146750167. doi:10.1080/02646830600821231. Pristupljeno 2017-11-13.
Kaehler, Laura; Freyd, Jennifer (2009). „Borderline personality characteristics: A betrayal trauma approach”. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 1 (4): 261—268. S2CID 1863746. doi:10.1037/a0017833.
Frías, Álvaro; González, Laura; Palma, Cárol; Farriols, Núria (2017-04-01). „Is There a Relationship Between Borderline Personality Disorder and Sexual Masochism in Women?”. Archives of Sexual Behavior (na jeziku: engleski). 46 (3): 747—754. ISSN 1573-2800. PMID 27600835. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0834-z.
Yalch, Matthew M.; Levendosky, Alytia A. (2020-10-20). „Influence of Betrayal Trauma on Pathological Narcissism”. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma (na jeziku: engleski). 29 (9): 1035—1046. ISSN 1092-6771. S2CID 197746246. doi:10.1080/10926771.2019.1627685.
Varese, Filippo; Smeets, Feikje; Drukker, Marjan; Lieverse, Ritsaert; Lataster, Tineke; Viechtbauer, Wolfgang; Read, John; van Os, Jim; Bentall, Richard P. (jun 2012). „Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies”. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 38 (4): 661—671. ISSN 1745-1701. PMC 3406538  . PMID 22461484. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs050. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Chu, Ann; Anne P. DePrince (2006). „Development of Dissociation: Examining the Relationship Between Parenting, Maternal Trauma and Child Dissociation”. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 7 (4): 75—89. PMID 17182494. S2CID 6809502. doi:10.1300/J229v07n04_05.
PhD, Jennifer J. Freyd; PhD, Anne P. Deprince; PhD, Eileen L. Zurbriggen (2001-10-29). „Self-Reported Memory for Abuse Depends Upon Victim-Perpetrator Relationship”. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 2 (3): 5—15. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.661.4356  . ISSN 1529-9732. S2CID 17149424. doi:10.1300/J229v02n03_02.
Goldberg, Lewis; Freyd, Jennifer (2006). „Self-Reports of Potentially Traumatic Experiences in an Adult Community Sample: Gender Differences and Test-Retest Stabilities of the Items in a Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey”. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 7 (3): 39—63. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.659.2105  . PMID 16873229. S2CID 25982512. doi:10.1300/J229v07n03_04.
Gómez, Jennifer M.; Lewis, Jenn K.; Noll, Laura K.; Smidt, Alec M.; Birrell, Pamela J. (2016). „Shifting the focus: Nonpathologizing approaches to healing from betrayal trauma through an emphasis on relational care”. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 17 (2): 165—185. ISSN 1529-9740. PMID 26460888. S2CID 205869377. doi:10.1080/15299732.2016.1103104.

Spoljašnje veze

[1] Lear, Floyd Seyward (2013). Treason in Roman and Germanic Law.

[2] „Treason Act 1708”. Legislation.gov.uk. Crown. Pristupljeno 17. 11. 2012. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[3] „Crime and Disorder Act 1998”. Legislation.gov.uk. Crown. Pristupljeno 17. 11. 2012. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[freydwhatisbt-4] Freyd, Jennifer J. „What is a Betrayal Trauma? What is Betrayal Trauma Theory?”. University of Oregon. Arhivirano iz originala 6. 7. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 2010-09-26. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza) [Link is now: http://pages.uoregon.edu/dynamic/jjf/defineBT.html Retrieved 2014-03-08]

[:6-5] Goldsmith, Rachel E.; Freyd, Jennifer J.; DePrince, Anne P. (februar 2012). „Betrayal trauma: associations with psychological and physical symptoms in young adults”. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 27 (3): 547—567. ISSN 1552-6518. PMID 21987504. S2CID 16087885. doi:10.1177/0886260511421672. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[:2-6] Freyd, Jennifer J. (1998-02-06). Betrayal Trauma: The Logic of Forgetting Childhood Abuse (na jeziku: engleski) (Reprint izd.). Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06806-3.

[:8-7] GIESBRECHT, TIMO; MERCKELBACH, HARALD (2009). „Betrayal trauma theory of dissociative experiences: Stroop and directed forgetting findings”. The American Journal of Psychology. 122 (3): 337—348. JSTOR 27784407. PMID 19827703. S2CID 14485573. doi:10.2307/27784407.

[ReisRusbult2004-8] Reis & Rusbult 2004, str. 296

[9] Gottman, John (2012). What Makes Love Last. str. xvii, 14.

[MW1-10] „double-cross”. Merriam-Webster. Pristupljeno 2010-07-18.

[Definition_of_Betrayal_Trauma_Theory-11] v ^g „Definition of Betrayal Trauma Theory”. pages.uoregon.edu. Pristupljeno 2016-12-02.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]