Kratki film
Kratkometražni ili kratki film je izraz koji se najčešće koristi za filmove u trajanju od 10 do 20 minuta, dok Akademija filmskih umetnosti i nauka definište svaki kratki film, čije je trajanje 40 ili manje minuta.[1]
Kratki filmovi su bili karakteristični za najraniji period nemog filma, a vremenom su počeli da se snimaju i dugometražni filmovi. Forma kratkog filma je tada korišćena u specifičnim žanrovima, kao što su komedije, dokumentarni filmovi i filmske novosti. Kratki filmovi su priznati kao posebna umetnička forma i posvećeni su im mnogi filmski festivali.[2]
Uprkos tome što su kratki filmovi bili karakteristični za period nemog filma i danas se snimaju u velikoj meri. Razlog je taj što omogućuju anonimnim filmskim stvaraocima da se na relativno jednostavan način „probiju” u svetu filma.
Istorija
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Svi filmovi na početku kinematografije bili su vrlo kratki, ponekad su trajali samo minut ili manje. Tek 1910-ih, filmovi su počeli da traju duže od desetak minuta. Prvi set filmova predstavljen je 1894. godine i to putem uređaja Tomasa Edisona koji se zove kinetoskop. Napravljen je samo za individualno gledanje. Komedije kratkih filmova proizvedeni su u velikom broju u poređenju sa dugačkim filmovima kao što je D. V. Grifitovo Rođenje nacije iz 1915. godine.[3][4][5][6][7] Do 1920-ih, karta je kupovala raznovrstan program, koji je uključivao igrani film i nekoliko pratećih dela iz kategorija kao što su drugi igrani film, kratka komedija, crtani film u trajanju od 5–10 minuta, putopis i filmski žurnal.
Kratke komedije su bile posebno česte i obično su dolazile u serijalima[8] ili serijama (kao što su Our Gang filmovi,[9][10] ili brojna ostvarenja lika Čarlija Čaplina Malog skitnice).[11][12]
Animirani crtani filmovi su uglavnom dolazili kao kratke teme.[13][14] Praktično sve velike filmske produkcijske kompanije imale su jedinice zadužene za razvoj i produkciju kratkih filmova, a mnoge kompanije, posebno u nemoj i vrlo ranoj zvučnoj eri, proizvodile su uglavnom ili samo kratke teme.[15][16]
Vidi još
urediReference
uredi- ^ „Rule Nineteen: Short Films Awards”. AMPAS. Pristupljeno 31. 3. 2011.
- ^ „Short films: ‘An art form in themselves’”. spiked. Pristupljeno 12. 4. 2009.
- ^ „Thomas Dixon Dies, Wrote Clansman”. The New York Times. 4. 4. 1946. str. 23.
- ^ The Birth of a Nation. Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 1. 8. 2022.
- ^ „The Birth of a Nation (1915)”. filmsite.org. Arhivirano iz originala 3. 9. 2011. g.
- ^ Niderost, Eric (oktobar 2005). „'The Birth of a Nation': When Hollywood Glorified the KKK”. HistoryNet. Pristupljeno 7. 6. 2021.
- ^ Hubbert, Julie (2011). Celluloid Symphonies: Texts and Contexts in Film Music History. University of California Press. str. 12. ISBN 978-0-520-94743-6.
- ^ Images – Golden Age of the Serial. Retrieved July 10, 2007
- ^ Maltin, Leonard (1994). The Little Rascals: Remastered and Uncut., vol. 22, introduction. Videorecording. New York: Cabin Fever Entertainment/Hallmark Entertainment.
- ^ Burns, Linda (8. 4. 2005). „Life & Times (Interview with Donald Bogle). Television broadcast.”. KCET. Los Angeles. Arhivirano iz originala 21. 4. 2005. g..
- ^ Tunzelmann, Alex von (22. 11. 2012). „Chaplin: a little tramp through Charlie's love affairs”. The Guardian. Pristupljeno 19. 2. 2018.
- ^ „Little Tramp Becomes Sir Charles”. Daily News. New York. 5. 3. 1975. Arhivirano iz originala
3. 3. 2016. g.
- ^ Cart, Michael (31. 3. 1991). „The Cat With the Killer Personality”. The New York Times (na jeziku: engleski). Arhivirano iz originala 11. 4. 2014. g. Pristupljeno 30. 12. 2022.
- ^ Furniss, Maureen (2007). Art in Motion, Animation Aesthetics (2014 print-on-demand ed., based on 2007 revised izd.). New Barnet: John Libbey Publishing. str. 107. ISBN 9780861966639. JSTOR j.ctt2005zgm.9. OCLC 1224213919.
- ^ „Silent Films”. JSTOR. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 5. 2019. g. Pristupljeno 2019-10-29.
- ^ Dirks, Tim. „Film History of the 1920s, Part 1”. AMC. Pristupljeno 7. 3. 2014.
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Spoljašnje veze
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- Short films: 'An art form in themselves' - Suchandrika Chakrabarti, Spiked (magazin)|Spiked, 4. maj 2006
- Short Films na sajtu Curlie (jezik: engleski)
- British Film Institute: "Writing Short Films" by Phil Parker screenonline, website of the British Film Institute
