Misticizam

Misticizam (od grčkog μυστικός [mystikós] – mistikos = „skriveno“, „tajno“) je verovanje u vrhovne stvarnosti iznad materijalne,^[1]^[2] i nastojanje da se dostigne jednost sa tom Stvarnošću (ili Bogom) neposrednim doživljajem, mimo razumskih shvatanja.^[3]

U misticizam se ubraja svako učenje koje smatra da je osnova stvarnosti nešto natprirodno, nematerijalno i da se do tog božanskog ne dolazi pojmovno, racionalno, već neposrednim osećanjem, intuicijom ili uvidom.^[4] U takvom stanju mističnog istupljenja (ekstaze) mistik se oseća sjedinjen s apsolutnim, božanskim. Misticizam je lično iskustvo i direktan put ka Bogu (ili Stvarnosti), i kao takav predstavlja posebnu vrstu iskustva koje je izvan svakog razumskog znanja. Stoga se mistično često upotrebljava kao sinonim za antiracionalno, nenaučno.

Mistika se javlja u različitim tradicijama (jevrejska, hrišćanska, islamska), a mistici često naginju panteizmu. U judaizmu, misticizam je prisutan u učenju Kabale. Misticizam je bio veoma značajan za razvoj hrišćanstva, razvijajući se i u pravoslavnoj (isihazam) i katoličkoj crkvi (kvijetizam). U islamu, sufizam je mistički aspekt, usmeren ostvarenju Božjeg jedinstva i prisustva kroz ljubav i ekstatičko jedinstvo. I u filozofiji mnogih novovekih filozofa postoje mistički elementi (Šeling, Šlajermaher, Solovjov, Loski i dr.).^[5]

Budući da se mnogi elementi misticizma zasnivaju na starogrčkom gnosticizmu, u nekim naučnim krugovima misticizam se često naziva i teozofija, tj. put na sredini između teologije i filozofije.

Mističke tradicije

Ovo su primeri glavnih tradicija i filozofija sa jakim elementima misticizma:

Izvori

^ McGinn 2005.
^ Moore 2005.
^ „Mysticism”. Encyclopedia Britannica.
^ Misticizam, Filozofijski rečnik, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb 1984.
^ Mistika, Filozofijski rečnik, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb 1984.

Literatura

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Underhill, Evelyn. Mysticism: A Study in the Nature and Development of Spiritual Consciousness. 1911
Stace, Walter Trence (1960), Mysticism and Philosophy
Zaehner, RC (1961), Mysticism sacred and profane: an inquiry into some varieties of praeternatural experience, Oxford University Press

Spoljašnje veze

[FOOTNOTEMcGinn2005-1] McGinn 2005.

[FOOTNOTEMoore2005-2] Moore 2005.

[3] „Mysticism”. Encyclopedia Britannica.

[4] Misticizam, Filozofijski rečnik, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb 1984.

[5] Mistika, Filozofijski rečnik, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb 1984.

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Misticizam

Sadržaj

Mističke tradicije

Hrišćanski mistici

Izvori

Literatura

Spoljašnje veze