Filip Melanhton

Filip Švarcerd poznatiji kao Filip Melanhton što je grčki prevod prezimena Švarcerd-Crna zemlja (nem. Philipp Schwartzerdt, Philipp Melanchthon; 1483 — 1560) je bio nemački teolog i verski reformator. Smatra se jednim od osnivača luteranstva, rame uz rame sa Luterom. Obojica su osuđivali preterivanja u poštovanju svetaca, oprost grehova na osnovu dobročinstva i rituale pokajanja. Tvrdili su da ova dela ne donose spasenje. Melanhton je ustanovio razlikovanje „zakona“ i „jevanđelja“, što je jedna od osnovnih ideja u luteranstvu. Zakon je dat u Starom i Novom zavetu, dok se jevanđelje odnosi na dar božije milosti koji se stiče verom u Isusa Hrista.

Filip Melanhton (Švarcerd)
Filip Melanhton
Datum rođenja	(1497-02-16)16. februar 1497.
Mesto rođenja	Breten
Datum smrti	19. april 1560.(1560-04-19) (63 god.)
Mesto smrti	Vitenberg
Supružnik	Katarina Melanhton
Roditelji	Georg Švarcerd Barbara Rojter

Autor je Augzburške konfesije iz 1530. u kojoj je iznesena centralna luteranska verska doktrina.

Literatura

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• Eby, Frederick (1931). Early Protestant Educators: The Educational Writings of Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Other Leaders of Protestant Thought. New York. 
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• Kirn, Otto (1910). „Melanchthon, Philipp”. Ur.: Jackson, Samuel Macauley. New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. 7 (3rd izd.). New York: Funk and Wagnalls. str. 279—286. Pristupljeno 18. 2. 2021 — preko Christian Classics Ethereal Library. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Kolb, Robert (2012). „Melanchthon's Doctrinal Last Will and Testament: The Responsiones ad articulos Bavaricae inquisitionis as His Final Confession of Faith”. Ur.: Dingel, Irene; Kolb, Robert; Kuropka, Nicole; Wengert, Timothy J. Philip Melanchthon: Theologian in Classroom, Confession, and Controversy. Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. str. 141—160. ISBN 978-3-525-55047-2. 
• Kusukawa, Sachiko (1995). The Transformation of Natural Philosophy: The Case of Philip Melanchthon. Ideas in Context. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47347-7. ISSN 0962-4945. 
•  ———  (1999). „Chronology”. Orations on Philosophy and Education. Od strane Melanchthon, Philip. Kusukawa, Sachiko, ur. Prevod: Salazar, Christine F. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58677-1. 
• Löffler, Klemens (1911). „Philipp Melanchthon”. Ur.: Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company. str. 151—154 — preko Wikisource. 
• Lohrmann, Martin (2012). „Melanchthon, Philip, 1497–1560”. Ur.: Whitford, David M. T&T Clark Companion to Reformation Theology. London: T&T Clark (objavljeno 2014). str. 432—433. ISBN 978-0-567-15366-1. 
• Manschreck, Clyde L. (2011). „Philipp Melanchthon”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2017. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Pauck, Wilhelm, ur. (1969). „Loci Communes Theologici: Editor's Introduction”. Melanchthon and Bucer. Library of Christian Classics. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. str. 3–17. ISBN 978-0-664-24164-3. 
• Richard, James William (1898). Philip Melanchthon: The Protestant Preceptor of Germany, 1497–1560. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pristupljeno 4. 11. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Rupp, Horst F. (1996). „Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560)”. Profiles of Famous Educators. Prospects. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 26 (3): 610—621. ISSN 1573-9090. S2CID 189873577. doi:10.1007/BF02195060. 
• Schofield, John (2006). Philip Melanchthon and the English Reformation. St Andrews Studies in Reformation History. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-5567-1. 
• Whiton, James Maurice (1905). „Melanchthon, Philipp”. Ur.: Gilman, Daniel Coit; Peck, Harry Thurston; Colby, Frank Moore. New International Encyclopedia. 13 (1st izd.). New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. str. 285—286 — preko Wikisource. 
• Andreatta, Eugenio (1996). Lutero e Aristotele (na jeziku: italijanski). Padova, Italy: Cusl Nuova Vita. ISBN 978-88-8260-010-5. 
• Birnstein, Uwe (2010). Der Humanist: Was Philipp Melanchthon Europa lehrte (na jeziku: nemački). Berlin: Wichern-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-88981-282-7. 
• Caemmerer, Richard R. (2000). „Melanchthon, Philipp”. Ur.: Lueker, Erwin L.; Poellot, Luther; Jackson, Paul. Christian Cyclopedia. St. Louis, Missouri: Concordia Publishing House. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2017 — preko Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Cuttini, Elisa (2005). Unità e pluralità nella tradizione europea della filosofia pratica di Aristotele: Girolamo Savonarola, Pietro Pomponazzi e Filippo Melantone (na jeziku: italijanski). Soveria Mannelli, Italy: Rubbettino. ISBN 978-88-498-1575-7. 
• DeCoursey, Matthew (2001). „Continental European Rhetoricians, 1400–1600, and Their Influence in Renaissance England”. Ur.: Malone, Edward A. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Volume 236: British Rhetoricians and Logicians, 1500–1660, First Series. Detroit, Michigan: Gale. str. 309–343. ISBN 978-0-7876-4653-0. 
• Estes, James M. (1998). „The Role of Godly Magistrates in the Church: Melanchthon as Luther's Interpreter and Collaborator”. Church History. Cambridge University Press. 67 (3): 463—483. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3170941. S2CID 162335827. doi:10.2307/3170941. 
• Fuchs, Thorsten (2008). Philipp Melanchthon als neulateinischer Dichter in der Zeit der Reformation (na jeziku: nemački). Tübingen, Germany: Gunter Narr. ISBN 978-3-8233-6340-8. 
• Graybill, Gregory B. (2010). Evangelical Free Will: Philipp Melanchthon's Doctrinal Journey on the Origins of Faith. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-958948-7. 
• Jung, Martin H. (2010). Philipp Melanchthon und seine Zeit (na jeziku: nemački). Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-55006-9. 
• Kusukawa, Sachiko (2004). „Melanchthon”. Ur.: Bagchi, David; Steinmetz, David C. The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. str. 57–67. ISBN 978-0-521-77662-2. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521772249.007. 
• Laitakari-Pyykkö, Anja-Leena (2013). Philip Melanchthon's Influence on English Theological Thought During the Early English Reformation (PhD dissertation). Helsinki: University of Helsinki. ISBN 978-952-10-9447-7. hdl:10138/41764 . 
• Ledderhose, Karl Friedrich (1855). The Life of Philip Melanchthon. Prevod: Krotel, G. F. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston (objavljeno 2012). LCCN 22011423. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2017 — preko Project Gutenburg. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Maag, Karin, ur. (1999). Melanchthon in Europe: His Work and Influence beyond Wittenberg. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books. ISBN 978-0-8010-2223-4. 
• Mack, Peter (2011). „Northern Europe, 1519–1545: The Age of Melanchthon”. A History of Renaissance Rhetoric, 1380–1620. Oxford: Oxford University Press. str. 104–135. ISBN 978-0-19-959728-4. doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199597284.003.0006. 
• Manschreck, Clyde L. (1958). Melanchthon: The Quiet Reformer. New York: Abingdon Press. 
• Meerhoff, Kees (1994). „The Significance of Philip Melanchthon's Rhetoric in the Renaissance”. Ur.: Mack, Peter. Renaissance Rhetoric. New York: St. Martin's Press. str. 46—62. ISBN 978-0-312-10184-8. 
• Melanchthon, Philip (1969). „Loci Communes Theologici”. Ur.: Pauck, Wilhelm. Melanchthon and Bucer. Library of Christian Classics. Prevod: Satre, Lowell J.; Pauck, Wilhelm. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. str. 18–152. ISBN 978-0-664-24164-3. 
•  ———  (2002). „History of the Life and Acts of Dr Martin Luther”. Ur.: Vandiver, Elizabeth; Keen, Ralph; Frazel, Thomas D. Luther's Lives: Two Contemporary Accounts of Martin Luther. Prevod: Frazel, Thomas D. Manchester: Manchester University Press (objavljeno 2003). str. 14—39. ISBN 978-0-7190-6802-7. 
• Rogness, Michael (1969). Philip Melanchthon: Reformer without Honor. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Augsburg Publishing House. OCLC 905626473. 
• Scheible, Heinz (1990). „Luther and Melanchthon”. Lutheran Quarterly. 4 (3): 317—339. ISSN 0024-7499. 
•  ———  (1996). „Melanchthon, Philipp”. Ur.: Hillerbrand, Hans J. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506493-3. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195064933.001.0001. 
• Smith, Preserved (1911). The Life and Letters of Martin Luther. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. LCCN 11015608. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Sotheby, Samuel Leigh (1839). Observations upon the Handwriting of Philip Melanchthon. London. OCLC 13625108. Pristupljeno 5. 11. 2017 — preko Internet Archive. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Servetus, Michael (2015) [1553]. Regarding the Mystery of the Trinity and the Teaching of the Ancients to Philip Melanchthon and his Colleagues. Prevod: Hillar, Marian; Hoffman, Christopher A. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978-1-4955-0336-8. 
• Stupperich, Robert (2006) [1965]. Melanchthon: The Enigma of the Reformation. Prevod: Fischer, Robert H. Cambridge, England: James Clarke & Co. ISBN 978-0-227-17244-5. 
• Wengert, Timothy J. (1998). Human Freedom, Christian Righteousness: Philip Melanchthon's Exegetical Dispute with Erasmus of Rotterdam. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-511529-1. 
• Wengert, Timothy J.; Graham, M. Patrick, ur. (1997). Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560) and the Commentary. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-85075-684-2. 

Spoljašnje veze

• Filip Melanhton
• Filip Melanhton na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
• Filip Melanhton na sajtu Projekat Gutenberg (jezik: engleski)
• Filip Melanhton na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)
• Works at Open Library
• Filip Melanhton na sajtu MGP (jezik: engleski)
• Examen eorum, qui oudiuntur ante ritum publicae ordinotionis, qua commendatur eis ministerium EVANGELLI: Traditum Vuitebergae, Anno 1554, at Opolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa