Štit (sazvežđe)
Štit (lat. Scutum) je sazvežđe južne hemisfere, jedno od 88 savremenih sazvežđa. Po površini je peto najmanje sazvežđe, nema sjajnih zvezda. Sazvežđe je krajem 17. veka definisao poljski astronom Johanes Hevelije u slavu pobede poljskog kralja Jana III Sobjeskog nad Turcima pod Bečom 1683. godine. Hevelije je sazvežđe prvobitno nazvao „Štit Sobjeskog“ (Scutum Sobiescianum). Sobjeski je kasnije pomogao Heveliju da obnovi svoju opservatoriju kada je izgorela u požaru.
| Sazvežđe | |
 | |
| Latinsko ime | Scutum |
|---|---|
| Skraćenica | Sct |
| Genitiv | Scuti |
| Simbolizuje | štit Sobjeskog |
| Rektascenzija | 18,7 |
| Deklinacija | -10[1] |
| Površina | 109 sq. deg. (84) |
| Najsjajnija zvezda | Alfa Štita (3,85m) |
| Meteorski rojevi | nema |
| Susedna sazvežđa | |
| Vidljivo u rasponu +80° i −90°. U najboljem položaju za posmatranje u 21:00 čas u avgustu. | |
Slika je prikazana u ogledalu, u skladu sa ondašnjom praksom da se nebeska sfera prikazuje gledano „spolja“
Zvezde uredi
Najsjajnija zvezda ovog sazvežđa je alfa Štita, nazvana i Ionnina, takođe u slavu Jana Sobjeskog. U pitanju je varijabilni narandžasti džin magnitude 3,85, udaljen 174 svetlosne godine od Sunca.
Druga po sjaju je beta Štita, dvojna zvezda čija je primarna komponenta svetli žuti džin. Magnitude je 4,22, a od Sunca je udaljena 690 svetlosnih godina.
Delta Štita je promenljiva zvezda, prototip svoje klase promenljivih — zvezde čiji se sjaj menja zbog pulsiranja površine. Delta Štita je od Sunca udaljena približno 187 svetlosnih godina, a magnituda joj je 4,72.
Objekti dubokog neba uredi
U Štitu se nalaze dva Mesjeova objekta, rasejana zvezdana jata M11 i M26. M11 je sa svojih 2900 zvezda jedno od najgušćih i zvezdama najbogatijih otvorenih jata ikada otkrivenih. Oko 500 zvezda koje sadrži su sjajnije od četrnaeste magnitude. Otkrio ga je u 17. veku nemački astronom Gotfrid Kirh, a procenjena starost jata je 220 miliona godina.
M26 je od Sunca udaljen oko 5000 svetlosnih godina a ima oko 22 svetlosne godine u prečniku. Starost jata je procenjena na 89 miliona godina. Zanimljiva pojava u jatu M26 je prostor male gustine zvezda oko jezgra jata, najverovatnije zaklonjen tamnom materijom.
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M11 -
M26
Reference uredi
- ^ „Scutum, Constellation Boundary”. The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Pristupljeno 3. 9. 2020.
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Spoljašnje veze uredi
- The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Scutum
- Sazvežđe Štit na TopAstronomer.com (jezik: engleski)
