Tetrapassalus

Tetrapassalus; Vremenski raspon: 50.0–45.7 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ rani do srednji eocen
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Mammalia
Kladus:	Pholidotamorpha
Red:	†Palaeanodonta
Porodica:	†Epoicotheriidae
Potporodica:	†Epoicotheriinae
Rod:	†Tetrapassalus; Simpson, 1959
Tipska vrsta
	†Tetrapassalus mckennai; Simpson, 1959
Vrste
	†Tetrapassalus mckennai; †Tetrapassalus proius;

Tetrapassalus (Tetrapasalus — „četvorostruki klin”) je izumrli rod placentalnih sisara, iz izumrle potporodice Epoicotheriinae unutar izumrle porodice Epoicotheriidae, koji je u periodu od ranog do srednjeg eocena nastanjivao područje Sjeverne Amerike.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Etimologija naziva

Rod:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
Tetrapassalus	starogrčke riječi tetras (stgrč. τέτρὰς), koja znači četiri i starogrčke riječi pasalos (stgrč. πάσσαλος), koja znači klin	četvorostruki klin

Vrste:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
T. mckennai	roda Tetrapassalus i prezimena američkog paleontologa Malkoma C. Mekena	mekenov četvorostruki klin
T. proius	roda Tetrapassalus i starogrčke riječi proinos (stgrč. πρώιμος), koja znači rano	rani četvorostruki klin

Ponašanje i paleoekologija

Vrste iz roda Tetrapassalus su nastanjivale plavne ravnice i kopnene ekosisteme Sjeverne Amerike.

Sistematika

Klasifikacija

Rod: †*Tetrapassalus* (Simpson, 1959)
Vrste:	Rasprostranjenost fosila i lokacija:	Vremenski raspon:
†T. mckennai (Simpson, 1959)^[4]	SAD (Vajoming i Nevada)	50,0 do 46,2 mil. god.
†T. proius (West, 1973)^[5]	SAD (Vajoming)	50,0 do 46,2 mil. god.
†T. sp. A [AMNH 10215] (Rose, 1978)^[6]	SAD (Vajoming)	46,2 do 45,7 mil. god.
†T. sp. B (Robinson, 1963)^[7]	SAD (Vajoming)	50,0 do 46,2 mil. god.

Filogenija

Dolje prikazan kladogram predstavlja filogenetske veze roda Tetrapassalus.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Ferae

Pan-Carnivora

Pholidotamorpha

Pholidota (sensu stricto)

†Palaeanodonta

†Escavadodontidae

?

†Melaniella

	†Ernanodontidae

	†Metacheiromys

†Metacheiromyinae

†Palaeanodon

†Brachianodon

†Mylanodon

†Propalaeanodontinae

?

†Arcticanodon

†Alocodontulum

†Auroratherium

†Pentapassalus

†Tubulodon

†Dipassalus

†Epoicotheriinae

†Tetrapassalus

	†Tetrapassalus mckennai

	†Tetrapassalus proius

?	†Tetrapassalus sp. A (AMNH 10215)

?	†Tetrapassalus sp. B

†Xenocranium

	†Epoicotherium

	†Molaetherium

†Epoicotheriidae

†Amelotabes

(Pholidota [sensu lato])

†Metacheiromyidae

†Epoicotherium/Xenocranium grupa

Vremenska rasprostranjenst roda Tetrapassalus unutar parafiletske porodice Epoicotheriidae

Vidi još

Reference

^ R. M. Schoch (1984.) "Revision of Metacheiromys (Wortman, 1903) and a review of the Palaeanodonta." Postilla 192:1-28
^ Carroll, Robert L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (PDF). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. str. 1—698. ISBN 978-0-7167-1822-2.
^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ G. G. Simpson (1959.) "A new Middle Eocene edentate from Wyoming." American Museum Novitates 1950:1-8
^ West, Robert M. (1973). „An Early Middle Eocene Epoicotheriid (Mammalia) from Southwestern Wyoming”. Journal of Paleontology. 47 (5): 929—931. JSTOR 1303076.
^ Rose, Kenneth D. (1978). „A new Paleocene epoicotheriid (Mammalia), with comments on the Palaeanodonta.”. Journal of Paleontology. 52 (3): 658—674. JSTOR 1303970.
^ Robinson P. (1963.) "Fused cervical vertebrae from the Bridger formation (Eocene) of Wyoming", Univ. Colo. Stud., Ser. Geol. 1:6-9
^ K. D. Rose, L. Krishtalka and R. K. Stucky (1991.) „"Revision of the Wind River faunas, early Eocene of central Wyoming. Part 11. Palaeanodonta (Mammalia)."”. Annals of Carnegie Museum. 60 (1): 63—82.
^ Rose, Kenneth D.; Lucas, Spencer G. (2000). „An early Paleocene palaeanodont (Mammalia, ?Pholidota) from New Mexico, and the origin of Palaeanodonta”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (1): 139—156. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0139:AEPPMP]2.0.CO;2.
^ Rose, K. D. (2008.) "Palaeanodonta and Pholidota"; pp. 135–146 in C. M. Janis, G. F. Gunnell, and M. Uhen (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 2: Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
^ Gaudin, Timothy (28. 8. 2009). „The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis” (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media. 16 (4): 235—305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 25. 09. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 14. 5. 2015.
^ Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). „A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983—1001. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..983K. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319.

[1] R. M. Schoch (1984.) "Revision of Metacheiromys (Wortman, 1903) and a review of the Palaeanodonta." Postilla 192:1-28

[2] Carroll, Robert L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (PDF). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. str. 1—698. ISBN 978-0-7167-1822-2.

[McKenna_&_Bell-3] McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[4] G. G. Simpson (1959.) "A new Middle Eocene edentate from Wyoming." American Museum Novitates 1950:1-8

[5] West, Robert M. (1973). „An Early Middle Eocene Epoicotheriid (Mammalia) from Southwestern Wyoming”. Journal of Paleontology. 47 (5): 929—931. JSTOR 1303076.

[6] Rose, Kenneth D. (1978). „A new Paleocene epoicotheriid (Mammalia), with comments on the Palaeanodonta.”. Journal of Paleontology. 52 (3): 658—674. JSTOR 1303970.

[7] Robinson P. (1963.) "Fused cervical vertebrae from the Bridger formation (Eocene) of Wyoming", Univ. Colo. Stud., Ser. Geol. 1:6-9

[Rose91-8] K. D. Rose, L. Krishtalka and R. K. Stucky (1991.) „"Revision of the Wind River faunas, early Eocene of central Wyoming. Part 11. Palaeanodonta (Mammalia)."”. Annals of Carnegie Museum. 60 (1): 63—82.

[RoseLucas2000-9] Rose, Kenneth D.; Lucas, Spencer G. (2000). „An early Paleocene palaeanodont (Mammalia, ?Pholidota) from New Mexico, and the origin of Palaeanodonta”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (1): 139—156. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0139:AEPPMP]2.0.CO;2.

[KennethRose-10] Rose, K. D. (2008.) "Palaeanodonta and Pholidota"; pp. 135–146 in C. M. Janis, G. F. Gunnell, and M. Uhen (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 2: Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

[web2.utc.edu-11] Gaudin, Timothy (28. 8. 2009). „The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis” (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media. 16 (4): 235—305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 25. 09. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 14. 5. 2015.

[KondrashovAgadjanian2012-12] Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). „A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983—1001. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..983K. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319.

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