Medeja

Za druge upotrebe pogledajte stranicu Medeja (višeznačna odrednica).

U grčkoj mitologiji, Medeja (antgrč. Μήδεια [Mēdeia]) je čarobnica, kćerka kolhidskog kralja Ejeta i Okeanide Idije.

Evelin de Morgan - Medeja

Mit

Medeja je dar vračanja dobila od boginje Hekate. Boginje Hera i Atina su je izabrale da pomogne njihovom ljubimcu Jasonu koji je sa 50 izabranih junaka zaplovio u Kolhidu po zlatno runo. To runo je pripadalo njenom ocu Ejetu, koji nije želeo da ga se odrekne. Njegov plan je bio da uništi stranca, ali su lukave Hera i Atina zatražile od Afrodite da rasplamsa ljubav u Medejinom srcu prema Jasonu.

Kad je Jason došao u Kolhidu, on se prvo najavio kod kralja Ejeta i zamolio ga je da mu preda zlatno runo. Ejet je obećao da će to da uradi, ali pod uslovom da uzore polja gvozdenim plugom sa Hefestovim ognjenim bikovima i poseje zubima svetog zmaja boga Areja. Jedina osoba koja je mogla da pomogne Jasonu da taj zadatak ispuni bila je Medeja.

Uzevši zlatno runo, junaci su se ukrcali na brod i sa sobom poveli i Medeju. Ejet je za njima poslao poteru, ali je tu opet pomogla Medeja ubivši čak i svog polubrata Apsirta. Medeja i Jason su se venčali pre povratka u Jolk, na ostrvu Peuki ili na Kolkiri.

Pri povratku u Jolk Medeja je odlučila da se osveti kralju Peliji, koji je i poslao Jasona u Kolhidu i iskoristivši njegovo odsustvo poubijao celu njegovu porodicu. Njena osveta bila je lukava; pred Pelijinim kćerima je raskomadala jednog ovna, te ga oživela sasvim podmlađenog kao jagnje. Videvši to, a u želji da podmlade svog oca, kćeri su to isto njemu uradile, ali Medeja nije želela da ga oživi. Zbog ovog zločina sin kralja Akast je proterao Medeju i Jasona u Korint.

U Korintu je kralj Kreont Jasonu ponudio ruku svoje kćeri, što je Jason i prihvatio kako bi učvrstio svoj položaj. Ljubomorna i ponižena Medeja je budućoj nevesti poklonila haljinu koja je buknula u plamenu, uništivši i nju i dvorac i njenog oca. Medeja se osvetila i svom mužu Jasonu tako što je ubila sinove koje mu je rodila, Tetala i Alkimena. Onda je Helijevim kočijama, koje su vukli njeni zmajevi, prebegla u Atinu, gde su je srdačno dočekali jer je obećala da će svojim čarolijama omogućiti kralju Egeju da dobije naslednika. Sama mu je rodila sina Meda, ali ju je i Egej proterao kada je pokušala da otruje Tezeja. Sa svojim sinom je otišla u Aziju, ali se kasnije vratila u Kolhidu gde je ubila svog strica Persa koji je bio preoteo vlast Ejetu.

Medeja u umetnosti

Medejina živopisna sudbina bila je česta tema u antičkoj umetnosti. Euripidova tragedija Medeja iz 431. godine p. n. e. je bila uzor i kasnijim tragičarima i pesnicima kao što su Enije, Pakuvije, Ovidije i Seneka.

Na crnofiguralnim i crvenofiguralnim vazama prikazivana je kao čarobnica, a od sredine 5. veka p. n. e. i kao ljubomorna supruga koja namerava da ubije sopstvenu decu.

Pisani izvori

• Ovid

Heroides XII

Metamorphoses VII, 1-450

Tristia iii.9

• Euripides, Medea
• Neophron, Medea (fragments from the play)
• Hyginus, Fabulae 21-26
• Pindar, Pythian Odes, IV
• Seneca: Medea (tragedy)
• Bibliotheca I, 23-28
• Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica
• Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica
• Gaius Valerius Flaccus Argonautica (epic)
• Herodotus, Histories I.2 and VII.62i
• Hesiod, Theogony 1000-2
• Plautus, Pseudolus 869-871

Vidi još

• Medejini zmajevi

Literatura

• Cermanović-Kuzmanović, A. & Srejović, D. 1992. Leksikon religija i mitova. Savremena administracija. Beograd.
• Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.
• Clauss, J. J. and S. I. Johnston (eds), Medea: Essays on Medea in Myth, Literature, Philosophy and Art. (Princeton, Princeton University Press). 1997. ISBN 9780691043760.
• Grant, Michael, and John Hazel.Who's Who in Classical Mythology. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973.
• Griffiths, Emma. Medea. London; New York: Routledge, 2006.
• Knox, B.M.W. Word and Action: Essays on the Ancient Theatre. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979.
• McDermott, Emily, Euripides' Medea: The Incarnation of Disorder. (University Park, PA, Penn State University Press). 1985. ISBN 9780271006475.
• Mossman, Judith, Medea: Introduction, Translation and Commentary. Aris & Phillips, Warminster 2011). ISBN 9780856687884.
• Repath, Ian; Hermann, Fritz-Gregor (2019). Some Organic Readings in Narrative, Ancient and Modern: Gathered and Originally Presented as a Book for John. Groningen University Library. ISBN 9789492444943. 
• Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London (1873). "Medeia or Medea"
• Wygant, Amy. Medea, Magic, and Modernity in France: Stages and Histories, 1553–1797. (Aldershot, Ashgate). 2007. ISBN 9780754659242.
• In Cicero's court case Pro Caelio, the name Medea is mentioned several times, as a way to make fun of Clodia, sister of Publius Clodius Pulcher, the man who exiled Cicero.
• In the 15th-century Italian Arthurian romance La Tavola Ritonda, Medea lives on as the marvelously beautiful mistress of the island Perfida's Cruel Castle (Castello Crudele) in which she imprisons the hero Tristano
• Jean Anouilh, Médée (1946)
• John Gardner, Jason and Medeia
• Robinson Jeffers, Medea
• Hans Henny Jahnn, Medea
• Maxwell Anderson, The Wingless Victory
• Geoffrey Chaucer, The Legend of Good Women (1386)
• Michael Wood, In Search of Myths & Heroes: Jason and the Golden Fleece
• Chrysanthos Mentis Bostantzoglou (Bost), Medea (parody of Medea of Euripides)
• Regina Hansen Willman, Music for Medea
• Robert Graves, Hercules, My Shipmate (novel by the English classicist, 1945)
• Peter Kien, Medea, a play written while Kien was an inmate at the Theresienstadt concentration camp and never performed.
• Medea (Ovid's lost tragedy - two lines are extant)
• Marina Carr, By the Bog of Cats
• A. R. Gurney, The Golden Fleece
• Pierre Corneille, Médée (tragedy, 1635)
• Ernest Legouvé, Médée (1855)
• William Morris Life and Death of Jason (epic poem, 1867)
• Franz Grillparzer, Das goldene Vliess (The Golden Fleece) (play, 1822)
• Dorothy M. Johnson, Witch Princess (novel, 1967)
• Chico Buarque and Paulo Pontes, Gota d'Água (musical play set in 1970s Rio de Janeiro, based on Euripides, 1975)
• Heiner Müller, Medeamaterial and Medeaplay
• Kate Braverman, Lithium for Medea, 1979
• Percival Everett, For Her Dark Skin (novel, 1990)
• H. M. Hoover, The Dawn Palace: The Story of Medea (novel, 1988)
• Christa Wolf, Medea (a novel) (Medea: Stimmen) (published in German 1993, translated to English 1998)
• Cherríe Moraga, The Hungry Woman: A Mexican Medea (combines classical Greek myth Medea with Mexicana/o legend of La Llorona and Aztec myth of lunar deity Coyolxauhqui)
• Stuart Hill, Blade Of Fire (Character portrayed as based on Medea in this Young adult novel)
• Rick Riordan, The Lost Hero; Medea, having been resurrected by vengeful goddess Gaea (Mother Earth), runs a department store in Chicago. She appears again in The Burning Maze and is shown to work under Caligula.
• Kerry Greenwood, Medea: Book III in the Delphic Women Series (1997) a retelling of the Jason and the Argonauts epic, focusing on the Princess and Priestess, Medea of Colchis.
• Dea Loher, Manhattan Medea (1999) in German; play set in modern-day Manhattan;
• Jan Siegel, "The Dragon Charmer" (2000) A side note in an epic trilogy about witchcraft, sorcery, and magic.
• Laurent Gaudé, "Médée Kali" (2003).
• David Vann, "Bright Air Black" (2017) retells Medea's story in prose poetry from a third person perspective.
• Madeline Miller, Circe (2018) narrates Medea's visit to her aunt Circe to be cleansed for the killing of her brother.
• Ben Morgan, 'Medea in Corinth' (2018) is a sequence of poems and dramatic interludes which focus on Medea's religious encounter with Hecate.

Muzika

• Francesco Cavalli Giasone (opera, 1649)
• Jean-Baptiste Lully Thésée (opera, 1674)
• Louis-Nicholas Clerambault composed a cantata for soprano, violin and continuo, called Médée, and was first published in 1710.
• Antonio Caldara Medea in Corinto (cantata for alto, 2 violins and basso continuo, 1711)
• Marc-Antoine Charpentier Médée (tragédie en musique, 1693)
• In George Frideric Handel's opera Teseo [Theseus], 1713, the central character is Medea.
• Georg Anton Benda composed the melodrama Medea in 1775 on a text by Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter.
• Luigi Cherubini composed the opera Médée in 1797 and it is Cherubini's best-known work, but better known by its Italian version, Medea.
• Simon Mayr composed his opera Medea in Corinto to a libretto of Giuseppe Felice Romani. It premiered in Naples in 1813.
• Saverio Mercadante composed his opera Medea in 1851 to a libretto by Salvadore Cammarano.
• Darius Milhaud composed the opera Médée in 1939 to a text by Madeleine Milhaud (his wife and cousin).
• American composer Samuel Barber wrote his Medea ballet (later renamed The Cave of the Heart) in 1947 for Martha Graham and derived from that Medea's Meditation & Dance of Vengeance Op. 23a in 1955. The musical Blast! uses an arrangement of Barber's Medea as their end to Act I.
• Ray E. Luke's Medea won the 1979 Rockefeller Foundation/New England Conservatory Competition for Best New American Opera.
• Jacob Druckman's 1980 orchestral work, Prism, is based on three different renderings of the Medea myth by Charpentier, Cavalli, and Cherubini.
• Star of Indiana—the drum and bugle corps that Blast! formed out of—used Parados, Kantikos Agonias, and Dance of Vengeance in their 1993 production (with Bartók's Allegro from Music for Strings, Percussion and Celeste), between Kantikos and Vengeance.
• In 1993 Chamber Made produced an opera Medea composed by Gordon Kerry, with text by Justin Macdonnell after Seneca.
• Aribert Reimann's composed an opera Medea, which premiered in 2011 at the Vienna State Opera directed by Marco Arturo Marelli with Marlis Petersen in the title role.
• Michael John LaChiusa scored Marie Christine, a Broadway musical with heavy opera influence based on the story of Medea.
• In 1991, the world premiere was held in the Teatro Arriaga, Bilbao of the opera Medea by Mikis Theodorakis.
• Oscar Strasnoy's opera Midea (2), based on Irina Possamai's libretto, premiered in 2000 at Teatro Caio Melisso, Spoleto, Italy. Orpheus Opera Award.
• Rockettothesky medea 2008
• instrumental chamber music piece Medea by Dietmar Bonnen 2008
• Dutch progressive rock band Kayak, with the song "Medea", on their 2008 release Coming Up For Air
• Dutch one-man project Spinvis, with the song "Medea", in his album Goochelaars & Geesten in 2007
• Vienna Teng, with the song "My Medea" on her 2004 album Warm Strangers.
• The Finnish melodic death metal band Insomnium has a song about her called "Medeia" on their album In the Halls of Awaiting, which was released in 2002.
• Greek epic metal band Battleroar has a song named "The Curse of Medea" in their 2014 album Blood of Legends.
• Mauro Lanza composed the music to Le Songe De Médée, a ballet choreographed by Angelin Prelijocaj for the Ballet de l'Opéra national de Paris and featured in the film La Danse.
• Alina Novikova (composer) and Daria Zholnerova, produced an opera Medea, based on Innokentiy Annenskiy, Evripid's translation.
• The southern metal band The Showdown has a song called "Medea - One Foot In Hell" on their album Back Breaker, which was released in 2008.
• English National Opera produced a UK premier staging of Charpentier's opera Médée in 2013. Director, David McVicar, Médée, Sarah Connolly
• In 2014, Dutch symphonic/progressive metal band Ex Libris released their second album Medea.
• Eleni Karaindrou's album Medea (2014, ECM), composition for lavta, ney, clarinets, violoncello, santouri, bendir, and choir
• The Hanslick Rebellion : song Medea my Mistress, from the album the rebellion is here (2005).

Kinematografija i televizija

• In the 1963 film Jason and the Argonauts, Medea was portrayed by Nancy Kovack.
• In 1969, the Italian director Pier Paolo Pasolini directed a film adaptation of Medea featuring the opera singer Maria Callas in the title role.
• In 1978, the film A Dream of Passion in which Melina Mercouri as an actress portraying Medea seeks out Ellen Burstyn, a mother who recently murdered her children.
• In 1988, director Lars von Trier filmed his Medea for Danish television, using a pre-existing script by filmmaker Carl Theodor Dreyer.
• In the 1992 film Highway to Hell, Medea was portrayed by Anne Meara.
• In the 2000 Hallmark presentation Jason and the Argonauts, Medea was portrayed by Jolene Blalock.
• In the 2002 biopic of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera's previous wife Lupe Marín (played by Valeria Golino) and Frida Kahlo (played by Salma Hayek) talk of Lupe's response to Diego's infidelity.
• In the 2005 film L'enfer (Hell) a student Anne (Marie Gillain) takes a formal oral exam on the subject of Medea. Her words are spoken over images of her sister Sophie (Emmanuelle Béart) playing with her two children implying an analogy.
• In the 2004 visual novel as well as the anime adaptations of Fate/stay night, Medea appears as a relatively major character under the title of Caster.
• In 2005, director Theo van Gogh created 6-part miniseries, moving Medea to Dutch politics.
• In 2007, director Tonino De Bernardi filmed a modern version of the myth, set in Paris and starring Isabelle Huppert as Medea, called Médée Miracle.
• In 2009, Medea was shot by director Natalia Kuznetsova.
• In the 2013 television series Atlantis, Medea is portrayed by Scottish actress Amy Manson.
• In the 2015 television series Olympus, Medea is portrayed by actress Sonita Henry.
• In 2016, Olivia Sutherland plays Medea in the MacMillan Films staging of Euripides classic.

Spoljašnje veze

• The Medea of the modern times