Mikloš Roža
Mikloš Roža (mađ. Miklós Rózsa; 18. april 1907 — 27. jul 1995)[1] bio je mađarsko-američki kompozitor koji se školovao u Njemačkoj (1925–1931), a bio je aktivan u Francuskoj (1931–1935), Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu (1935–1940) i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama (1940–1995), a od 1953. godine često je duže vrijeme provodio u Italiji.[2] Najpoznatiji je po svojih gotovo sto filmskih ostvarenja, ali je ipak održavao čvrstu privrženost apsolutnoj koncertnoj muzici tokom onoga što je nazivao svojim „dvostrukim životom”.[3]
Mikloš Roža | |
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Lični podaci | |
Datum rođenja | 18. april 1907. |
Mesto rođenja | Budimpešta, Austrougarska (današnja Mađarska) |
Datum smrti | 27. jul 1995.88 god.) ( |
Mesto smrti | Los Anđeles, Kalifornija, SAD |
Kompozitorski rad | |
Period | 1918–1989 |
Roža je postigao rani uspjeh u Evropi svojim orkestralom Theme, Variations, and Finale iz 1933. godine, a u filmskoj se industriji istakao u filmovima kao što su Četiri pera (1939) i Bagdadski lopov (1940). Posljednji projekat doveo ga je u Ameriku kada je zbog rata produkcija prebačena iz Velike Britanije, a Roža je ostao u SAD postajući američki državljanin 1946. godine.
Njegova zapažena holivudska karijera donijela mu je značajnu slavu, dobivši 17 nominacija za Oskara, uključujući tri uspjeha za filmove Začaran (1945), Dvostruki život (1947) i Ben-Hur (1959), dok su njegove koncertne radove podržali veliki umjetnici poput Jaše Hejfeca, Grigorija Pjatigorskog i Janoša Štarkera.
Detinjstvo i mladost uredi
Mikloš Roža je rođen u Budimpešti.[1] Sa klasičnom i narodnom muzikom ga je upoznala njegova majka Regina Berkovic, pijaniskinja koja je studirala sa učenicima Franca Lista, i njegov otac Đula, dobrostojeći industrijalac i zemljoposednik koji je voleo mađarsku narodnu muziku.
Rožin ujak Lajoš Berkovic, violinista iz Budimpeštanske opere, predstavio je mladom Miklosu njegov prvi instrument kad je imao pet godina. Kasnije je isto tako studirao violu i klavir. Do osme godine je nastupao u javnosti i komponovao.[1] Takođe je sakupljao narodne pesme iz oblasti u kojoj je njegova porodica imala seosko imanje severno od Budimpešte, u kojoj žive mađarski Paloci.
Roža je želeo da studira muziku u Nemačkoj. Na Univerzitet u Lajpcigu se upisao 1925. godine,[1] da studira hemiju po nalogu svog oca. Odlučivši da postane kompozitor, sledeće godine prebacio se u Konzervatorijum u Lajpcigu. Tamo je studirao kompoziciju kod Hermana Grabnera, bivšeg učenika Maksa Regera. Takođe je studirao horsku muziku sa (i kasnije asistirano) sa Karlom Straubom pri Tomaskirču, gde je Johan Sebastijan Bah nekada bio orguljaš. Roža je stekao tokom tih godina duboko poštovanje nemačke muzičke tradicije, koja će uvek ograničavati mađarski nacionalizam njegovog muzičkog stila.
Rožina prva dva objavljena dela, Gudački trio, op. 1 i Klavirski kvintet, op. 2, izdata su u Lajpcigu u strane Brejtkopf & Hertela. Godine 1929. on je stekao diplomu cum laude.[4] Tokom godina u Lajpcigu, on je proizveo koncert za violinu i dugu Simfoniju, op. 6. Ti radovi nisu objavljeni, a Roža je bio obeshrabren na putu u Berlin kada Vilhelm Furtvengler nije našao vremena da razmotri simfoniju. Roža je potisnuo oba dela, ali je kasnije dozvolio da se snimi ta simfonija (bez njenog izgubljenog šerza) 1993. godine.
Muzička dela uredi
Orkestarska muzika uredi
- Theme, Variations and Finale, Op. 13 (1933, revised in 1966 as Op. 13a)
- Three Hungarian Sketches, Op. 14 (1938, revised in 1958 as Op. 14a)
- Concerto for String Orchestra, Op. 17 (1943)
- Hungarian Serenade, Op. 25 (1945)
- Kaleidoscope - six short pieces for small orchestra, Op. 19a (1957)
- The Vintner's Daughter - twelve variations on a French folk song, Op. 23a (1953)
- Overture to a Symphony Concert, Op. 26 (recorded 1955, revised in 1963 as Op. 26a)
- Notturno Ungherese, Op. 28 (1964)
- Tripartita for Orchestra, Op. 33 (1972)
- Festive Flourish (1975)
- Symphony in Three Movements, Op. 6a (1933-1993; unpublished)
Kamerna muzika uredi
- String Trio, Op. 1 (1927)
- Quintet for piano and string quartet, Op. 2 (1928)
- Duo for violin and piano, Op. 7 (1931)
- Duo for cello and piano, Op. 8 (1931)
- Sonata for two violins, Op. 15 (1933, revised in 1973 as Op. 15a)
- String Quartet No. 1, Op. 22 (1950)
- String Quartet No. 2, Op. 38 (1981)
Kamerne verzije koncertnih dela uredi
- Rhapsody for cello and piano, Op. 3
- Variations on a Hungarian Folk Song for violin and piano, Op. 4
- North Hungarian Peasant Songs and Dances for violin and piano, Op. 5
- Violin Concerto for violin and piano, Op. 24
- Piano Concerto for two pianos, Op. 31
- Cello Concerto for cello and piano, Op. 32
- Viola Concerto for viola and piano, Op. 37
Kamerne verzije filmskih partitura uredi
- El Cid Selection for string quartet
- Spellbound Concerto for theremin, piano, oboe and string quartet
Dela za solo instrumente uredi
- Sonatina for clarinet solo, Op. 27 (1951)
- Toccata Capricciosa for cello, Op. 36 (1977)
- Sonata for flute solo, Op. 39 (1983)
- Sonata for violin solo, Op. 40 (1986)
- Sonata for clarinet solo, Op. 41 (1986)
- Sonata for guitar, Op. 42 (1986)
- Sonata for oboe solo, Op. 43 (1987)
- Introduction and Allegro for viola solo, Op. 44 (1988)
- Sonatina for Ondes Martenot, Op. 45 (1989)
Klavirska muzika uredi
- Variations pour piano, Op. 9 (1932)
- Bagatelles (Little Pieces for Play & Dance), Op. 12 (1933)
- Kaleidoscope, Op. 19 (1946)
- Piano Sonata, Op. 20 (1948)
- The Vintner's Daughter - twelve variations on a French folk song, Op. 23 (1952)
Vokalna muzika uredi
- Five Songs for voice and piano
- Invocation, Op. 16a (1940) for contralto
- Beasts of Burden, Op. 16b (1940) for contralto
- My Little Town (1972) for soprano or tenor
- The Land Where My Heart Lies (1972) for soprano or tenor
- High Flight (1942-1974) for tenor
- Two choruses for female voices a cappella, Op. 18 (1946)
- Lullaby
- Madrigal of Spring
- To Everything There Is a Season - motet for 8-part mixed chorus with optional organ or piano, Op. 21 (1946)
- The Vanities of Life - motet for 8-part mixed chorus with optional organ or piano, Op. 30 (1967)
- The Lord Is My Shepherd for 4-part mixed chorus a cappella based on the Psalm 23, Op. 34 (1972)
- Three Chinese Poems for mixed chorus a cappella, Op. 35 (1975)
- Sailing Homeward
- Swallow, Swallow
- The Cuckoo
Filmske partiture uredi
- Knight Without Armour (1937)
- The Squeaker (Murder on Diamond Row) (1937)
- Thunder in the City (1937)
- The Green Cockatoo (1937)
- The Divorce of Lady X (1938); music also by Lionel Salter
- The Four Feathers (1939)
- On the Night of the Fire (The Fugitive) (1939)
- The Spy in Black (1939)
- Ten Days in Paris (1940)
- The Thief of Bagdad (1940)
- New Wine (The Great Awakening) (1941)
- Lydia (1941)
- Sundown (1941)
- That Hamilton Woman (1941)
- Jacaré (As musical director) (1942)
- Jungle Book (1942)
- To Be or Not to Be (1942); music also by Werner R. Heymann
- Five Graves to Cairo (1943)
- Sahara (1943)
- So Proudly We Hail! (1943); music also by Edward Heyman
- The Woman of the Town (1943)
- Dark Waters (1944)
- Double Indemnity (1944)
- The Hour Before the Dawn (1944)
- Blood on the Sun (1945)
- Lady on a Train (1945)
- The Lost Weekend (1945)
- The Man in Half Moon Street (1945)
- A Song to Remember (1945)
- Spellbound (1945)
- Because of Him (1946)
- The Killers (1946)
- The Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946)
- Brute Force (1947)
- Desert Fury (1947)
- A Double Life (1947)
- The Macomber Affair (1947)
- The Other Love (1947)
- The Red House (1947)
- Song of Scheherazade (1947)
- Time Out of Mind (1947)
- Kiss the Blood Off My Hands (1948)
- The Naked City (1948); music also by Frank Skinner
- Secret Beyond the Door (1948)
- A Woman's Vengeance (1948)
- Adam's Rib (1949); music also by Cole Porter
- The Bribe (1949)
- Command Decision (1949)
- Criss Cross (1949)
- East Side, West Side (1949)
- Madame Bovary (1949)
- The Red Danube (1949)
- The Asphalt Jungle (1950)
- Crisis (1950)
- The Miniver Story (1950); music also by Herbert Stothart
- Quo Vadis (1951)
- Ivanhoe (1952)
- The Light Touch (1952)
- Plymouth Adventure (1952)
- All the Brothers Were Valiant (1953)
- Julius Caesar (1953)
- Knights of the Round Table (1953)
- The Story of Three Loves (1953)
- Young Bess (1953)
- Beau Brummell (1954); Main and end titles, score composed by Richard Addinsell
- Green Fire (1954)
- Men of the Fighting Lady (1954)
- Seagulls Over Sorrento (1954)
- Valley of the Kings (1954)
- The King's Thief (1955)
- Moonfleet (1955); music also by Vicente Gómez
- Bhowani Junction (1956)
- Diane (1956)
- Lust for Life (1956)
- Tribute to a Bad Man (1956)
- Something of Value (1957)
- Tip on a Dead Jockey (1957)
- The Seventh Sin (1957)
- A Time to Love and a Time to Die (1958)
- Ben-Hur (1959)
- The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1959)
- King of Kings (1961)
- El Cid (1961)
- Sodom and Gomorrah (1963)
- The V.I.P.s (1963)
- The Power (1968)
- The Green Berets (1968)
- The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970)
- The Golden Voyage of Sinbad (1974)
- The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977)
- Providence (1977)
- Fedora (1978)
- Last Embrace (1979)
- Time After Time (1979)
- Eye of the Needle (1981)
- Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid (1982)
Bibliografija uredi
- Miklós Rózsa: "Quo Vadis?" Film Music Notes, . 11 (2). Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar
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(pomoć) (1951) - Miklós Rózsa. Double Life: The Autobiography of Miklós Rózsa, Composer in the Golden Years of Hollywood. Seven Hills Books. 1989. ISBN 0-85936-209-4.
- Miklós Rózsa: Double Life: The Autobiography of Miklós Rózsa, Composer in the Golden Years of Hollywood, The Baton Press (1984) -. ISBN 0-85936-141-1 (Softcover edition)
- Miklós Rózsa: Életem történeteiből (Discussions with János Sebestyén, edited by György Lehotay-Horváth). Zeneműkiadó, Budapest. . 1980. ISBN 963-330-354-0. Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar
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(pomoć)
Reference uredi
- ^ a b v g Colin Larkin, ur. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise izd.). Virgin Books. str. 1042/3. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
- ^ „Biography”. Miklós Rózsa Society. Arhivirano iz originala 4. 6. 2019. g. Pristupljeno 11. 3. 2012.
- ^ „Miklós Rózsa Papers”. Library.syr.edu. Pristupljeno 11. 3. 2012.
- ^ „David Raksin Remembers his Colleagues”. American Composers Orchestra. Arhivirano iz originala 21. 02. 2019. g. Pristupljeno 11. 3. 2012.
Literatura uredi
- Christopher Palmer: Miklós Rózsa. A Sketch Of His Life And Work. With a foreword by Eugene Ormandy. Breitkopf & Härtel, London, Wiesbaden (1975)
- Miklós Rózsa and Miklós Rózsa on Film Music in Tony Thomas: Film Score. The Art & Craft of Movie Music, Riverwood Press (1991) -. . str. 18—32. ISBN 1-880756-01-3. Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar
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(pomoć) - Miklós Rózsa in William Darby und Jack Du Bois: American Film Music. Major Composers, Techniques, Trends, 1915 - 1990. McFarland (1990) -. ISBN 0-7864-0753-0 - pp. 307–344
- Miklós Rózsa in Christopher Palmer: The Composer In Hollywood. Marion Boyars (1993) -. ISBN 0-7145-2950-8 - pp. 186–233
- From 1950 to the Present in Roy M. Prendergast: Film Music. A Neglected Art. A Critical Study of Music in Films. Second Edition. Norton (1992) -. ISBN 0-393-30874-X - pp. 98–179 (in this chapter, the author analyzes Rózsa's score from Quo Vadis (pp. 126–130), on a few pages more, he also discusses Julius Caesar and King of Kings), a couple of other film works by Miklós Rózsa are merely mentioned)
- Jeffrey Dane: "A Composer's Notes: Remembering Miklós Rózsa", iUniverse. . 2006. ISBN 0-595-41433-8. Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar
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(pomoć)
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- Mikloš Roža na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski)
- The Miklós Rózsa Society
- David Raksin Remembers His Colleagues: Miklós Rózsa Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (21. februar 2019)
- Miklós Rózsa's Filmo/Discography at SoundtrackCollector.com
- Centennial Tribute to Miklos Rózsa
- Guide to The Miklós Rózsa Papers at Syracuse University
- Interview with Miklós Rózsa, June 27, 1987 (Mostly about his concert music)