Suzan B. Entoni
Suzan Braunel Entoni (engl. Susan Brownell Anthony; Adams, Masačusets, 15. februar 1820 — Ročester, Njujork, 13. mart 1906) bila je istaknuti američki lider za građanska i feministička prava. Jedan je od prvih boraca za ženska prava u Americi. Igrala je ključnu ulogu u 19. veku u pokretima za prava žena da se uvede pravo glasa žena u SAD. Rođena u kvekerskoj familiji posvećenoj društvenoj jednakosti, ona je prikupljala peticije protiv ropstva već u svojoj sedamnaestoj godini. Godine 1856, ona je postala njujorški agent Američkog društvo za borbu protiv ropstva.
Suzan B. Entoni | |
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Datum rođenja | 15. februar 1820. |
Mesto rođenja | Adams, Masačusets, SAD |
Datum smrti | 13. mart 1906.86 god.) ( |
Mesto smrti | Ročester, SAD |
Biografija
urediSuzan Entoni je rođena 15. februara 1820, u malom gradu Adams, u Masačusetsu, kao drugo od osmoro dece. Godine 1827, godine se njena porodica preselila u Batenvil, Njujork, i kasnije još jednom, 1845, na Ročester, takođe u Njujorku, gde su i ostali.[1] Još kao vrlo mala, Suzan je bila vrlo pametna i rano je pokazala lidersku sposobnost, pohađajući nastavu u internatima od njene 15 do 30 godine. Postala je predsednica lokalnog pokreta trezvenjaka Kćeri umerenosti (Daughters of Temperance), grupi koja je bila posvećena zabrani alkohola. Ovo joj je bilo prvo u nizu mnogih društava i udruženja kojih je bila član za života.[2]
Godine 1852, napustila je pokret trezvenjaka i pridružila se Elizabeti Kejdi Stenton u borbi za ženska prava i dobijanje prava glasa.[3] Njih dve su objavile novine pod nazivom "Revolucija", sa ciljom prmocije ženskih prava. Pedesetih godina 19. veka priključila se borbi protiv ropstva. Takođe je bila član američkog anti-ropskog društva od 1856. do 1861, a 1863. formirala je Žensku ligu za emancipaciju robova. Pored toga, 1870. je osnovala i postala prvi predsednik Centralne asocijacije zaposlenih žena.
Godine 1872, Entonijeva je zahtevala da se politička prava data crncima u 14. i 15. amandmanu, daju i ženama. Povela je grupu žena na glasanje u Ročesteru, u Njujork, kako bi proverila da li se poštuje pravo žena da glasaju. Uhapšena je, ali je odbila da plati novčanu kaznu zbog kršenja zakona o izborima. Narednih decenija nastavila je da organizuje niz akcija američkog pokreta za pravo glasa žena. Tako je 1878. predala napisan amandman koji je 18. avgusta 1920, tek posle njene smrti, pretvoren u 19. amandman, dajući ženama pravo glasa. Ona je takođe 1888. osnovala Međunarodni savet žena, sastavljen od 48 zemalja, Međunarodni savet žena za pravo glasa 1904, kao i Univerzitet u Ročesteru koji prihvata žene, počev od 1900.[4]
Entonijeva je umrla 13. marta 1906,[5] u svojoj kući u Medison ulici, na Ročesteru, od upale pluća i zatajenja srca, nakon što je vodila jedinu nenasilnu revoluciju koja se desila u SAD, boreći se za prava žena. Njene poslednje reči u javnosti, Neuspeh je nemoguć! (Failure is impossible!), pretvorile su se u slogan pokreta prava glasa. Dana 2. jula 1979, u njenu čast je napravljena kovanica dolara sa njenim likom.
„ | Žena ne sme zavisiti od muške zaštite, već mora naučiti da se sama štiti. | ” |
Galerija
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Kuća Suzan B. Entoni u Ročesteru, danas muzej
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Kovanica dolara sa njenim likom
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Suzan Entoni sa 28 godina
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Suzan Entoni na njen 50. rođendan
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Suzan B. Entoni sa Elizabetom Kejdi Stenton
Vidi još
urediReference
uredi- ^ „Susan B. Anthony - biography“, biography.com. Pristupljeno 26. februara 2014.
- ^ „Susan B. Anthony“, angelfire.com. Pristupljeno 26. februara 2014.
- ^ „Susan B. Anthony“ Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (12. februar 2014), Jone Johnson Lewis, womenshistory.about.com. Pristupljeno 26. februara 2014.
- ^ „Biography of Susan B. Anthony“, susanbanthonyhouse.org. Pristupljeno 26. februara 2014.
- ^ „Dogodilo se na današnji dan - 13. mart“ Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (15. februar 2014), a2-soft.com. Приступљено 26. фебруара 2014.
Литература
uredi- Bacon, Margaret Hope . San Francisco: Harper & Row. Bacon, Margaret Hope (1986). Mothers of Feminism: The Story of Quaker Women in America. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-250043-4.
- Baker, Jean H. Sisters: The Lives of America's Suffragists (2006) pp. 55–92
- Barry, Kathleen . Susan B. Anthony: A Biography of a Singular Feminist. New York: Ballantine Books. 1988. ISBN 978-0-345-36549-1..
- Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn , second edition. New York: Facts on File. Cullen-Dupont, Kathryn (2000). The Encyclopedia of Women's History in America. Infobase. ISBN 978-0-8160-4100-8..
- Debs, Eugene V. "Susan B. Anthony: Pioneer of Freedom," Pearson's Magazine, vol. 38, no. 1 (July 1917), pp. 5–7.
- DuBois, Ellen Carol Ithaca, NY. Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America, 1848–1869.. Cornell University Press. 1978. ISBN 978-0-8014-8641-8..
- Dudden, Faye E . Fighting Chance: The Struggle over Woman Suffrage and Black Suffrage in Reconstruction America. New York: Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-977263-6..
- Flexner, Eleanor . Century of Struggle. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 1959. ISBN 978-0674106536..
- Gordon, Ann D. (2005). „The Trial of Susan B. Anthony” (PDF). Federal Judicial Center. Приступљено 25. 1. 2018.
- Griffith, Elisabeth . In Her Own Right: The Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. New York: Oxford University Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-19-503440-0.
- Hewitt, Nancy A. (2001). Women's Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822–1872. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-0297-8..
- Hull, N. E. H. The Woman Who Dared to Vote: The Trial of Susan B. Anthony. University Press of Kansas. 2012. ISBN 978-0700618491..
- Lutz, Alma Susan B. Anthony: Rebel, Crusader, Humanitarian. . Boston: Beacon Press. 1959. ISBN 978-0-89201-017-2.. Text provided by Project Gutenberg.
- McKelvey, Blake (April 1945). "Susan B. Anthony". Rochester History (Rochester Public Library) VII (2).
- McPherson, James . Princeton, NJ. The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction. Princeton University Press. 1964. ISBN 978-0-691-04566-5..
- Million, Joelle . Westport, CT: Praeger. Woman's Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Woman's Rights Movement. 2003. ISBN 978-0-275-97877-8..
- Ridarsky, Christine L. and Mary M. Huth, eds. Susan B. Anthony and the Struggle for Equal Rights (2012) essays by scholars excerpt
- Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; Anthony, Susan B.; Gage, Matilda Joslyn; Harper, Ida (1881–1922). History of Woman Suffrage in six volumes. Rochester, NY: Susan B. Anthony (Charles Mann Press).
- Tetrault, Lisa. . The Myth of Seneca Falls: Memory and the Women's Suffrage Movement, 1848–1898. University of North Carolina Press. 2014. ISBN 978-1-4696-1427-4.
- Troncale, Jennifer M., and Jennifer Strain. "Marching with Aunt Susan: Susan B. Anthony and the Fight for Women's Suffrage." Social Studies Research & Practice (2013) 8#2.
- Venet, Wendy Hamand . Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia. Neither Ballots nor Bullets: Women Abolitionists and the Civil War. 1991. ISBN 978-0813913421..
- Ward, Geoffrey C., with essays by Martha Saxton, Ann D. Gordon and Ellen Carol DuBois . New York: Alfred Knopf. Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. 1999. ISBN 978-0-375-40560-0..
- Gordon, Ann D., ed. . Vol. 1 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: In the School of Anti-Slavery, 1840 to 1866. Rutgers University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-8135-2317-0..
- Gordon, Ann D., ed. . Vol. 2 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: Against an aristocracy of sex, 1866 to 1873. Rutgers University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8135-2318-7..
- Gordon, Ann D., ed. . Vol. 3 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: National protection for national citizens, 1873 to 1880. Rutgers University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-8135-2319-4..
- Gordon, Ann D., ed. . Vol. 4 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: When clowns make laws for queens, 1880–1887. Rutgers University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8135-2320-0..
- Gordon, Ann D., ed. . Vol. 5 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: Place Inside the Body-Politic, 1887 to 1895. Rutgers University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-8135-2321-7..
- Gordon, Ann D., ed. . Vol. 6 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: An Awful Hush, 1895 to 1906. Rutgers University Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8135-2320-0..
- Harper, Ida Husted (1898–1908). The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony in three volumes. Indianapolis: Hollenbeck Press. Harper's biography was commissioned by and written with the assistance of Susan B. Anthony. The complete text is available on the web:
- Volume I: Internet Archive, Google Books and Project Gutenberg
- Volume 2: Internet Archive, Google Books and Project Gutenberg
- Volume 3: Internet Archive and Google Books
- Rakow, Lana F. and Kramarae, Cheris, editors , Volume 4 of Women's Source Library. The Revolution in Words: Righting Women 1868–1871. New York: Routledge. 2001. ISBN 978-0-415-25689-6..
- Sherr, Lynn . New York: Random House. Failure Is Impossible: Susan B. Anthony in Her Own Words. 1995. ISBN 978-0-8129-2430-5.
- Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. Eighty Years and More (1815–1897): Reminiscences of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1898. European Publishing Company, New York.
- Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; Anthony, Susan B.; DuBois, Ellen Carol (1992). The Elizabeth Cady Stanton-Susan B. Anthony Reader: Correspondence, Writings, Speeches. Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 978-1-55553-143-0. This book provides more than 70 pages of history written by DuBois in addition to important documents by Stanton and Anthony.
Spoljašnje veze
urediBooknotes interview with Lynn Sherr on Failure Is Impossible, May 5, 1995, C-SPAN |
- Susan B. Anthony public domain audiobook at LibriVox
- Detaljna biografija Suzan Braunel Entoni na srpskom jeziku
- Citati Suzan B. Entoni
- Susan B. Anthony: Celebrating "A Heroic Life", a biography and exhibit from the Department of Rare Books at the University of Rochester
- "Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony ", a project of the Public Broadcasting System based on the film by Ken Burns
- "The Trial of Susan B. Anthony: An Account" by Douglas O. Linder, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law
- Susan B. Anthony Papers, 1820–1906 Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (7. јун 2019), Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College.
- Suzan B. Entoni na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
- Michals, Debra "Susan B. Anthony". National Women's History Museum. 2017.