Zagrobni život

Zagrobni život (koji se takođe naziva i život posle smrti) verovanje je da se suštinski deo identiteta pojedinca ili tok svesti nastavlja nakon smrti fizičkog tela. Prema raznim idejama o zagrobnom životu, osnovni aspekt pojedinca koji živi posle smrti može biti neki parcijalni element, ili čitava duša ili duh pojedinca, koji nosi sa sobom i može dodeliti lični identitet ili, naprotiv možda neće, kao u budističkoj nirvani. Vera u zagrobni život suprotna je verovanju u zaborav nakon smrti.

U nekim pogledima, ovo kontinuirano postojanje često se odvija u duhovnom carstvu, a u drugim popularnim pogledima, pojedinac se može preroditi u ovaj svet i ponovo započeti životni ciklus, verovatno bez sećanja na ono što su činili u prošlosti. U ovom poslednjem pogledu, takva ponovna rođenja i smrti mogu se dešavati iznova i iznova kontinuirano, dok pojedinac ne uđe u duhovno carstvo ili zagrobni svet. Glavni pogledi na zagrobni život proizlaze iz religije, ezoterike i metafizike.

Neki sistemi verovanja, poput onih u avramskoj tradiciji, drže da mrtvi odlaze na određeni nivo postojanja posle smrti, kako je to određivao Bog, ili na drugi božanski sud, na osnovu njihovih postupaka ili verovanja tokom života. Suprotno tome, u sistemima reinkarnacije, poput onih u indijskim religijama, priroda kontinuiranog postojanja određuje se direktno postupcima pojedinca u okončanom životu, a ne odlukom različitog bića.

Razni metafizički modeli

Teisti uglavnom veruju da neka vrsta zagrobnog života čeka ljude kada umru. Pripadnici nekih generalno neteističkih religija imaju tendenciju da veruju u zagrobni život, ali bez pominjanja božanstva. Sadukeji su bili drevna jevrejska sekta koja je uglavnom verovala da postoji Bog, ali ne i zagrobni život.

Mnoge religije, bilo da veruju u postojanje duše u drugom svetu poput hrišćanstva, islama i mnogih poganskih sistema verovanja, ili u reinkarnaciju poput mnogih oblika hinduizma i budizma, veruju da je nečiji status u zagrobnom životu nagrada ili kazna za njihovo ponašanje tokom života.

Reinkarnacija

Reinkarnacija je filozofski ili religijski koncept da jedan aspekt živog bićá započinje novi život u različitom fizičkom telu ili obliku nakon svake smrti. Naziva se i ponovnim rođenjem ili transmigracijom, i deo je samsarske doktrine cikličkog postojanja.^[1]^[2] To je centralni princip svih glavnih indijskih religija, a to su budizam, hinduizam, đainizam i sikizam.^[3]^[4]^[5] Ideja o reinkarnaciji postoji u mnogim drevnim kulturama,^[6] i verovanje o ponovnom rođenju/metempsihozi održale su grčke istorijske ličnosti, poput Pitagore, Sokrata i Platona.^[7] To je takođe uobičajeno verovanje raznih drevnih i modernih religija, poput spiritizma, teozofije i ekankara, a postoji i u mnogim plemenskim društvima širom sveta, na mestima kao što su Australija, Istočna Azija, Sibir i Južna Amerika.^[8]

Iako većina denominacija u okviru abrahamskih religija judaizma, hrišćanstva i islama ne veruje da se pojedinci reinkarniraju, određene grupe unutar tih religija podržavaju reinkarnaciju; ove grupe uključuju glavne istorijske i savremene sledbenike kabale, katare, alavite, druze^[9] i rozenkrjcere.^[10] Istorijski odnosi između ovih sekti i verovanja o reinkarnaciji koja su bila karakteristična za neoplatonizam, orfizam, hermetizam, manihejstvo i gnosticizam rimskog doba, kao i indijske religije, bili su predmet nedavnih naučnih istraživanja.^[11] Crkva jedinstva i njen osnivač Čarls Filmor propovedaju reinkarnaciju.

Rozenkrojceri^[12] govore o periodu preispitivanja života koji se dogođa neposredno nakon smrti i pre ulaska u zagrobne ravni postojanja (pre nego što je srebrna vrpca slomljena), nakon čega sledi presuda, što nalikuje na konačni pregled ili završni izveštaj o nečijem životu.^[13]

Reference

^ Norman C. McClelland 2010, стр. 24–29, 171.
^ Mark Juergensmeyer & Wade Clark Roof 2011, стр. 271–72.
^ Mark Juergensmeyer & Wade Clark Roof 2011, стр. 271–272.
^ Stephen J. Laumakis 2008, стр. 90–99.
^ Gross, Rita M. (1993). Buddhism After Patriarchy: A Feminist History, Analysis, and Reconstruction of Buddhism. State University of New York Press. стр. 148. ISBN 978-1-4384-0513-1.
^ Norman C. McClelland 2010, стр. 102–03.
^ see Charles Taliaferro, Paul Draper, Philip L. Quinn, A Companion to Philosophy of Religion. John Wiley and Sons, 2010, p. 640, Google Books
^ Gananath Obeyesekere (2002). Imagining Karma: Ethical Transformation in Amerindian, Buddhist, and Greek Rebirth. University of California Press. стр. 15. ,.
^ Hitti, Philip K (2007). Origins of the Druze People and Religion, with Extracts from their Sacred Writings (New Edition). . Columbia University Oriental Studies. 28. The Origins of the Druze People and Religion. London: Saqi. 2007 [1924]. стр. 13–14. ISBN 978-0-86356-690-5.
^ Heindel, Max (1985) [1939, 1908] The Rosicrucian Christianity Lectures (Collected Works): The Riddle of Life and Death. Oceanside, California. 4th edition. Heindel, Max (април 1985). Rosicrucian Christianity Lectures. Rosicrucian Fellowship. ISBN 978-0-911274-84-4.
^ An important recent work discussing the mutual influence of ancient Greek and Indian philosophy regarding these matters is The Shape of Ancient Thought by Thomas McEvilley
^ Heindel, Max (1908). Rosicrucian Christianity Lectures. Rosicrucian Fellowship. ISBN 978-0-911274-84-4.
^ Max Heindel, Death and Life in Purgatory—Life and Activity in Heaven

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Dodatna literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

„Islamic view on life after death”. Архивирано из оригинала 09. 01. 2019. г.
„Catholic view on life after death”. Архивирано из оригинала 04. 01. 2012. г.
Catholic opinion on the idea of limbo
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Online searchable edition of Swedenborg's Heaven and Hell (Swedenborg Foundation 2000)

[FOOTNOTENorman_C._McClelland201024–29,_171-1] Norman C. McClelland 2010, стр. 24–29, 171.

[FOOTNOTEMark_JuergensmeyerWade_Clark_Roof2011271–72-2] Mark Juergensmeyer & Wade Clark Roof 2011, стр. 271–72.

[FOOTNOTEMark_JuergensmeyerWade_Clark_Roof2011271–272-3] Mark Juergensmeyer & Wade Clark Roof 2011, стр. 271–272.

[FOOTNOTEStephen_J._Laumakis200890–99-4] Stephen J. Laumakis 2008, стр. 90–99.

[Gross1993p148-5] Gross, Rita M. (1993). Buddhism After Patriarchy: A Feminist History, Analysis, and Reconstruction of Buddhism. State University of New York Press. стр. 148. ISBN 978-1-4384-0513-1.

[FOOTNOTENorman_C._McClelland2010102–03-6] Norman C. McClelland 2010, стр. 102–03.

[7] see Charles Taliaferro, Paul Draper, Philip L. Quinn, A Companion to Philosophy of Religion. John Wiley and Sons, 2010, p. 640, Google Books

[8] Gananath Obeyesekere (2002). Imagining Karma: Ethical Transformation in Amerindian, Buddhist, and Greek Rebirth. University of California Press. стр. 15. ,.

[9] Hitti, Philip K (2007). Origins of the Druze People and Religion, with Extracts from their Sacred Writings (New Edition). . Columbia University Oriental Studies. 28. The Origins of the Druze People and Religion. London: Saqi. 2007 [1924]. стр. 13–14. ISBN 978-0-86356-690-5.

[10] Heindel, Max (1985) [1939, 1908] The Rosicrucian Christianity Lectures (Collected Works): The Riddle of Life and Death. Oceanside, California. 4th edition. Heindel, Max (април 1985). Rosicrucian Christianity Lectures. Rosicrucian Fellowship. ISBN 978-0-911274-84-4.

[11] An important recent work discussing the mutual influence of ancient Greek and Indian philosophy regarding these matters is The Shape of Ancient Thought by Thomas McEvilley

[12] Heindel, Max (1908). Rosicrucian Christianity Lectures. Rosicrucian Fellowship. ISBN 978-0-911274-84-4.

[13] Max Heindel, Death and Life in Purgatory—Life and Activity in Heaven

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