Betelgez (α Ori) je druga najsjajnija zvezda sazvežđa Orion [18] i deveta najsvetlija zvezda na noćnom nebu. Udaljenost od Zemlje je 643 ± 146 svetlosnih godina (197 ± 45 parseka). Prečnik Betelgeza iznosi oko 1,4 milijarde kilometara (oko 1.000 Sunčevih prečnika, više od Jupiterove orbite). Prema trenutno dostupnim podacima, naučnici smatraju da će Betelgez za oko milion godina eksplodirati u supernovu, i da će na noćnom nebu Zemlje tokom nekoliko sedmica svetleti intezitetom punog Meseca.[19]

Betelgez (α Ori)
Map of the constellation Orion
Betelgez (zaokružen) u sazvežđu Orion
Položaj na nebu
Epoha J2000.0      Ravnodnevnica J2000.0
Sazvežđe Orion
Izgovor /ˈbɛtəlz, ˈbtəl-, -s/[1][2]
Rektascenzija 05h 55m 10.30536s[3]
Deklinacija +07° 24′ 25.4304″[3]
Karakteristike
Evolucioni stupanj Crveni superdžin
Spektralni tip M1–M2 Ia–ab[4]
Prividna magnituda (V) 0.50[5] (0.0–1.3[6])
Prividna magnituda (J) −3.00[7]
Prividna magnituda (K) −4.05[7]
U−B indeks boja +2.06[5]
B−V indeks boja +1.85[5]
Varijabilni tip SRc[6]
Astrometrija
Radijalna brzina (Rv)+21.91[8] km/s
Sopstveno kretanje (μ) RA: 26.42 ± 0.25[9] mas/g
Dek.: 9.60 ± 0.12[9] mas/g
Paralaksa (π)4.51 ± 0.80[9] mas
Rastojanje222+48
−34
[9] pc
Apsolutna magnituda (MV)−5.85[10]
Detalji
Masa11,6+5,0
−3,9
[11] M
Poluprečnik887 ± 203,[12] 955±217[11] R
Luminoznost90000150000[13] L
Površinska gravitacija (log g)−0.5[14] cgs
Temperatura3590[11][15] K
Metaličnost [Fe/H]+0.05[16] dex
Rotaciona brzina (v sin i)5[17] km/s
Starost8.0–8.5[12] Myr
Druge oznake
Betelgeuse, α Ori, 58 Ori,
HR 2061, BD +7° 1055,
HD 39801, FK5 224,
HIP 27989, SAO 113271,
GC 7451, AAVSO 0549+07,
CCDM J05552+0724AP
Referentne baze podataka
SIMBADdata
Roze strelica u levom delu slike, sa oznakon α pored sebe, pokazuje na Betelgez u okviru sazvežđa Orion.

Uticaj na kulturu uredi

Likovi Ford Prefekt i Zaphod Biblbroks iz Autostoperskog vodiča kroz galaksiju, romana Daglasa Adamsa, dolaze sa sveta „iz okoline Betelgeza“.

Imena uredi

Arapski nazivi:

  • al-Jauzā / الجوزاء :Ovo je žensko ime starih arapskih legendi.

Engleski:

  • Betelgeuse

Japanu:

  • Heike-boši / 平家星 (Zvezda Heike klanova): Crvena zastava Heike klanova.

Procene ugaonih prečnika uredi

Ova tabela sadrži delimični spisak ugaonih merenja sprovedenih od 1920. godine. Takođe je uključena i kolona koja pruža trenutni opseg poluprečnika za svaku studiju na osnovu Betelgezove najnovije procene udaljenosti (Harper et al.) of 197 ± 45 pc.

Članak Godina[a] Teleskop # Spektar λ (μm) (mas)[b] Poluprečnici[v] @
197±45 pc
Napomene
Michelson[20] 1920 Maunt Vilson 1 Vidljivi 0,575 47,0 ± 4,7 3,2–6,3 AJ Ivično zatamnjenje +17% = 55,0
Bonneau[21] 1972 Palomar 8 Vidljivi 0,422–0,719 52,0–69,0 3,6–9,2 AJ Jaka korelacija sa λ
Balega[22] 1978 ESO 3 Vidljivi 0,405–0,715 45,0–67,0 3,1–8,6 AJ Nema korelacije sa λ
1979 SAO 4 Vidljivi 0,575–0,773 50,0–62,0 3,5–8,0 AJ
Buscher[23] 1989 WHT 4 Vidljivi 0,633–0,710 54,0–6,10 4,0–7,9 AJ Otrivene asimetrije
Wilson[24] 1991 WHT 4 Vidljivi 0,546–0,710 49,0–57,0 3,5–7,1 AJ Potvrda žarišta
Tuthill[25] 1993 WHT 8 Vidljivi 0,633–0,710 43,5–54,2 3,2–7,0 AJ Proučavanje žarišta na 3 zvezde
1992 WHT 1 NIR 0.902 42,6 ± 0:03 3,0–5,6 AJ
Gilliland[26] 1995 HST UV 0,24–0,27 104–112 10,3–11,1 FWHM prečnici
0,265–0,295 92–100 9,1–9,8
Weiner[27] 1999 ISI 2 MIR (N traka) 11,150 54,7 ± 0,3 4,1–6,7 AJ Ivično zatamnjenje = 55,2 ± 0,5
Perrin[28] 1997 IOTA 7 NIR (K traka) 2,200 43,33 ± 0,04 3,3–5,2 AJ K i L trake, 11,5 μm kontrast podataka
Haubois[29] 2005 IOTA 6 NIR (H traka) 1.650 44,28 ± 0,15 3,4–5,4 AJ Roseldov prečnik 45,03 ± 0,12
Hernandez[30] 2006 VLTI 2 NIR (K traka) 2,099–2,198 42:57 ± 0:02 3,2–5,2 AJ AMBER rezultati visoke preciznosti.
Ohnaka[31] 2008 VLTI 3 NIR (K traka) 2,280–2,310 43,19 ± 0,03 3,3–5,2 AJ Ivično zatamnjenje 43,56 ± 0,06
Townes[32] 1993 ISI 17 MIR (H traka) 11,150 56,00 ± 1,00 4,2–6,8 AJ Sistematska studija koja obuhvata 17 merenja na istoj talasnoj dužini od 1993. do 2009. godine
2008 ISI MIR (N traka) 11,150 47,00 ± 2,00 3,6–5,7 AJ
2009 ISI MIR (N traka) 11,150 48,00 ± 1,00 3,6–5,8 AJ
Ohnaka[33] 2011 VLTI 3 NIR (K traka) 2,280–2,310 42,05 ± 0,05 3,2–5.2 AJ Ivično zatamnjenje 42,49 ± 0,06
Harper[10] 2008 VLA Takođe je vredno pomena da Harper et al. u zaključku njihove publikacije iznose sledeću napomenu: „U izvesnom smislu, izvedena udaljenost od 200 pc je ravnoteža između 131 pc (425 ly) Hiparkos udaljenosti i radij koji teže ka 250 pc (815 ly)” - stoga uspostavljaju ± 815 ly kao spoljne udaljenosti za zvezdu.
  1. ^ Krajnja godina opservacija, ukoliko drugačije nije napomenuto
  2. ^ Merenje uniformnog diska, ukoliko drugačije nije naznačeno
  3. ^ Poluprečnici proračuna koriste istu metodologiju kao što je izloženo ranije u Napomeni #2 ispod Limovo zatamnjeno merenje

Vidi još uredi

Reference uredi

  1. ^ Simpson, J.; Weiner, E., ur. (1989). „Betelgeuse”. Oxford English Dictionary (2nd izd.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. str. 130. ISBN 978-0-19-861186-8. 
  2. ^ „Merriam-Webster Dictionary: Betelgeuse”. Pristupljeno 23. 4. 2018. 
  3. ^ a b van Leeuwen, F (novembar 2007). „Hipparcos, the New Reduction”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. VizieR. 474 (2): 653—664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. arXiv:0708.1752 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. 
  4. ^ Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989). „The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars”. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 71: 245. Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K. doi:10.1086/191373. 
  5. ^ a b v Nicolet, B. (1978). „Catalogue of Homogeneous Data in the UBV Photoelectric Photometric System”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 34: 1—49. Bibcode:1978A&AS...34....1N. 
  6. ^ a b Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). „VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)”. VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/Gcvs. Originally Published In: 2009yCat....102025S. 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S. 
  7. ^ a b Ducati, J. R. (2002). „VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system”. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D. 
  8. ^ Famaey, B.; Jorissen, A.; Luri, X.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S.; Dejonghe, H.; Turon, C. (2005). „Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 430: 165—186. Bibcode:2005A&A...430..165F. arXiv:astro-ph/0409579 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041272. 
  9. ^ a b v g Harper, G. M.; Brown, A.; Guinan, E. F.; O'Gorman, E.; Richards, A. M. S.; Kervella, P.; Decin, L. (2017). „An Updated 2017 Astrometric Solution for Betelgeuse”. The Astronomical Journal. 154 (1): 11. Bibcode:2017AJ....154...11H. arXiv:1706.06020 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa6ff9. 
  10. ^ a b Harper, Graham M.; Brown, Alexander; Guinan, Edward F. (april 2008). „A New VLA-Hipparcos Distance to Betelgeuse and its Implications” (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 135 (4): 1430—40. Bibcode:2008AJ....135.1430H. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1430. Pristupljeno 10. 7. 2010. 
  11. ^ a b v Neilson, H. R.; Lester, J. B.; Haubois, X. (decembar 2011). Weighing Betelgeuse: Measuring the Mass of α Orionis from Stellar Limb-darkening. 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics. Proceedings of a conference held at Lijiang, China in 14–20 April 2011. ASP Conference Series. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 451. str. 117. Bibcode:2011ASPC..451..117N. arXiv:1109.4562 . 
  12. ^ a b Dolan, Michelle M.; Mathews, Grant J.; Lam, Doan Duc; Lan, Nguyen Quynh; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Dearborn, David S. P. (2016). „Evolutionary Tracks for Betelgeuse”. The Astrophysical Journal. 819 (1): 7. Bibcode:2016ApJ...819....7D. arXiv:1406.3143v2 . doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/7. 
  13. ^ Smith, Nathan; Hinkle, Kenneth H.; Ryde, Nils (mart 2009). „Red Supergiants as Potential Type IIn Supernova Progenitors: Spatially Resolved 4.6 μm CO Emission Around VY CMa and Betelgeuse”. The Astronomical Journal. 137 (3): 3558—3573. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.3558S. arXiv:0811.3037 . doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/3/3558. 
  14. ^ Lobel, Alex; Dupree, Andrea K. (2000). „Modeling the Variable Chromosphere of α Orionis” (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 545 (1): 454—74. Bibcode:2000ApJ...545..454L. doi:10.1086/317784. Pristupljeno 10. 7. 2010. 
  15. ^ Harper, Graham M.; Brown, Alexander; Lim, Jeremy (april 2001). „A Spatially Resolved, Semiempirical Model for the Extended Atmosphere of α Orionis (M2 Iab)”. The Astrophysical Journal. 551 (2): 1073—98. Bibcode:2001ApJ...551.1073H. doi:10.1086/320215. 
  16. ^ Ramírez, Solange V.; Sellgren, K.; Carr, John S.; Balachandran, Suchitra C.; et al. (jul 2000). „Stellar Iron Abundances at the Galactic Center” (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 537 (1): 205—20. Bibcode:2000ApJ...537..205R. arXiv:astro-ph/0002062 . doi:10.1086/309022. Pristupljeno 9. 7. 2010. 
  17. ^ Kervella, P.; Verhoelst, T.; Ridgway, S. T.; Perrin, G.; Lacour, S.; et al. (septembar 2009). „The Close Circumstellar Environment of Betelgeuse. Adaptive Optics Spectro-imaging in the Near-IR with VLT/NACO”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 504 (1): 115—25. Bibcode:2009A&A...504..115K. arXiv:0907.1843 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912521. 
  18. ^ Mišić, Milan, ur. (2005). Enciklopedija Britanika. A-B. Beograd: Narodna knjiga : Politika. str. 141. ISBN 86-331-2075-5. 
  19. ^ Calla Cofield. „Dying Star Betelgeuse Keeps Its Cool ... and Astronomers Are Puzzled”. Space.com. Pristupljeno 25. 1. 2016. 
  20. ^ Michelson, Albert Abraham; Pease, Francis G. (1921). „Measurement of the diameter of Alpha Orionis with the interferometer”. Astrophysical Journal. 53: 249—59. Bibcode:1921ApJ....53..249M. doi:10.1086/142603. „The 0.047 arcsecond measurement was for a uniform disk. In the article Michelson notes that limb darkening would increase the angular diameter by about 17%, hence 0.055 arcseconds 
  21. ^ Bonneau, D.; Labeyrie, A. (1973). „Speckle Interferometry: Color-Dependent Limb Darkening Evidenced on Alpha Orionis and Omicron Ceti”. Astrophysical Journal. 181: L1. Bibcode:1973ApJ...181L...1B. doi:10.1086/181171. 
  22. ^ Balega, Iu.; Blazit, A.; Bonneau, D.; Koechlin, L.; Labeyrie, A.; Foy, R.. (novembar 1982). „The angular diameter of Betelgeuse”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 115 (2): 253—56. Bibcode:1982A&A...115..253B. 
  23. ^ Buscher, D. F.; Baldwin, J. E.; Warner, P. J.; Haniff, C. A. (1990). „Detection of a bright feature on the surface of Betelgeuse”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 245: 7. Bibcode:1990MNRAS.245P...7B. 
  24. ^ Wilson, R. W.; Baldwin, J. E.; Buscher, D. F.; Warner, P. J. (1992). „High-resolution imaging of Betelgeuse and Mira”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 257 (3): 369—76. Bibcode:1992MNRAS.257..369W. doi:10.1093/mnras/257.3.369. 
  25. ^ Tuthill P. G.; Haniff, C. A.; Baldwin, J. E. (mart 1997). „Hotspots on late-type supergiants”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 285 (3): 529—39. Bibcode:1997MNRAS.285..529T. doi:10.1093/mnras/285.3.529. 
  26. ^ Gilliland, Ronald L.; Dupree, Andrea K. (maj 1996). „First Image of the Surface of a Star with the Hubble Space Telescope” (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 463 (1): L29. Bibcode:1996ApJ...463L..29G. doi:10.1086/310043. Pristupljeno 1. 8. 2010. „The yellow/red "image" or "photo" of Betelgeuse commonly seen is not a picture of the red supergiant, but a mathematically generated image based on the photograph. The photograph was of much lower resolution: The entire Betelgeuse image fit within a 10x10 pixel area on the Hubble Space Telescopes Faint Object Camera. The images were oversampled by a factor of 5 with bicubic spline interpolation, then deconvolved. 
  27. ^ Weiner, J.; Danchi, W. C.; Hale, D. D. S.; McMahon, J.; et al. (decembar 2000). „Precision Measurements of the Diameters of α Orionis and ο Ceti at 11 Microns” (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 544 (2): 1097—1100. Bibcode:2000ApJ...544.1097W. doi:10.1086/317264. Pristupljeno 23. 6. 2007. 
  28. ^ Perrin, G.; Ridgway, S. T.; Coudé du Foresto, V.; Mennesson, B.; Traub, W. A.; Lacasse, M. G. (2004). „Interferometric Observations of the Supergiant Stars α Orionis and α Herculis with FLUOR at IOTA”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 418 (2): 675—85. Bibcode:2004A&A...418..675P. arXiv:astro-ph/0402099 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040052. „Assuming a distance of 197 ± 45 pc, an angular distance of 43.33 ± 0.04 mas would equate to a radius of 4.3 AU or 920 R 
  29. ^ Haubois, X.; Perrin, G.; Lacour, S.; Verhoelst, T.; Meimon, S.; et al. (2009). „Imaging the Spotty Surface of Betelgeuse in the H Band”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 508 (2): 923—32. Bibcode:2009A&A...508..923H. arXiv:0910.4167 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912927. 
  30. ^ Hernandez Utrera, O.; Chelli, A (2009). „Accurate Diameter Measurement of Betelgeuse Using the VLTI/AMBER Instrument” (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias). 37: 179—80. Bibcode:2009RMxAC..37..179H. 
  31. ^ A. P. Ohnaka, K.; Hofmann, K.-H.; Benisty, M.; Chelli, A.; et al. (2009). „Spatially Resolving the Inhomogeneous Structure of the Dynamical Atmosphere of Betelgeuse with VLTI/AMBER”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 503 (1): 183—95. Bibcode:2009A&A...503..183O. arXiv:0906.4792 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912247. 
  32. ^ Townes, C. H.; Wishnow, E. H.; Hale, D. D. S.; Walp, B. (2009). „A Systematic Change with Time in the Size of Betelgeuse” (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 697 (2): L127—28. Bibcode:2009ApJ...697L.127T. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/L127. 
  33. ^ Ohnaka, K.; Weigelt, G.; Millour, F.; Hofmann, K.-H.; Driebe, T.; Schertl, D.; Chelli, A.; Massi, F.; Petrov, R.; Stee, Ph. (2011). „Imaging the dynamical atmosphere of the red supergiant Betelgeuse in the CO first overtone lines with VLTI/AMBER”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 529: A163. Bibcode:2011A&A...529A.163O. arXiv:1104.0958 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016279. „We derive a uniform-disk diameter of 42.05 ± 0.05 mas and a power-law-type limb-darkened disk diameter of 42.49 ± 0.06 mas and a limb-darkening parameter of (9.7 ± 0.5) × 10−2 

Spoljašnje veze uredi

  1. Mars and Orion Over Monument Valley
  2. Orion: Head to Toe
  3. The Spotty Surface of Betelgeuse
  4. Simulated Supergiant Star
  5. Why Stars Twinkle