Drakula je izmišljeni lik, verovatno najpoznatiji vampir u literaturi i na filmu. Stvorio ga je irski pisac Brem Stoker 1897. godine napisavši horor roman Drakula. Smatra se da je on prototip i arhetipski vampir u kasnijim delima beletristike. Veruje se da su neki aspekti lika inspirisani vlaškim princom Vladom Cepešom iz 15. veka, koji je takođe bio poznat kao Drakula, i ser Henrijem Irvingom, glumcem kome je Stoker bio lični asistent.[12]

Grof Drakula
Osnovne informacije
Druga imenaDrakula
Grof de Vil[1]
g. de Vil[2]
NadimakZlo oko[3]
Šejtan
Pakao
Veštac
Vukodlak
Vampir[4]
D.[5]
Nosferatu
Drak
TitulaTransilvanijski plemić[6]
Vojvoda[7]
Solomonari[8]
Vampirski kralj[9]
Podaci o liku
VrstaVampir
Nemrtav čovek
Dampir
Vukodlak[10][11]
Bela Lugoši kao grof Drakula

Istorijski lik Drakula, Vlad Drakula III, živio je u 15. veku u Vlaškoj.[13] Na jednom sastanku sa mađarskim orijentalistom Vamberijem, Stoker se zainteresovao za priče i legende o Vladu Drakuli kog je posle toga i uzeo kao uzor za lik u romanu Drakula. Navedenog Vamberija spominje čak i lik romana Van Helsing.

Stokerova kreacija uredi

Roman Brema Stokera poprima formu epistolarne priče, u kojoj o karakteristikama, moćima, sposobnostima i slabostima grofa Drakule pripoveda više naratora, iz različitih perspektiva.[14]

Grof Drakula je nemrtav, vekovima star vampir i transilvanski plemić koji tvrdi da je Sekelj koji potiče od Atile Hunskog.[15] On naseljava oronuli zamak u Karpatskim planinama u blizini prevoja Borgo. Za razliku od vampira istočnoevropskog folklora, koji su prikazani kao odbojna, mrtvačka stvorenja, Drakula je zgodan i harizmatičan, sa furnirom aristokratskog šarma. U razgovorima sa Džonatanom Harkerom, on se otkriva kao duboko ponosan na svoje boljarsko nasleđe i nostalgičan za prošlošću, za koju priznaje da je postala samo sećanje na herojstvo, čast i hrabrost u modernim vremenima.

Adaptacije uredi

Filmovi uredi

Film Originalni naziv Godina Glumac Režiser
Drakula Dracula 1931 Bela Lugosi Tod Brauning
Drakula (španski film) Drácula 1931 Karlos Vilarijas Džordž Melford
Drakulina ćerka Dracula's Daughter 1936 spomenut Lambert Hilijer
Drakulin sin Son of Dracula 1943 Lon Čejni ml. Robert Siodmak
Drakulina kuća House of Dracula 1945 Džon Karadin Erl Kiton
Bud Abbott Lou Costello Meet Frankenstein 1948 Bela Lugosi Čarls Barton,Valter Lanc
Drakulin horor Horror of Dracula 1958 Kristofer Li Terens Fišer
Drakuline neveste The Brides of Dracula 1960 spomenut Terens Fišer
Drakula: Princ tame Dracula: Prince of Darkness 1966 Kristofer Li Terens Fišer
Dečak Bili protiv Drakule Billy the Kid Versus Dracula 1966 Džon Karadin Vilijam Bodin
Drakula je ustao iz groba Dracula Has Risen from the Grave 1968 Kristofer Li Fredi Francis
Okusi Drakulinu krv Taste the Blood of Dracula 1969 Kristofer Li Piter Sasdi
Drakulini ožiljci Scars of Dracula 1970 Kristofer Li Roj Vard Bejker
Grof Drakula Count Dracula 1970 Kristofer Li Hesus Franko
Drakula u 1972. Dracula A.D. 1972 1972 Kristofer Li Alan Gibson
Drakulina saga La saga de los Drácula 1972 Narsiso Ibanjez Menta Leon Klimovski
Drakula protiv Frankenštajna Drácula contra Frankenstein 1972 Hauard Vernon Hesus Franko
Blakula Blacula 1972 Vilijam Maršal Vilijam Krejn
Blakula 2 Blacula 2 1973 Vilijam Maršal Bob Kelijan
Drakulini satanistički rituali The Satanic Rites of Dracula 1973 Kristofer Li Alan Gibson
La saga de los Drácula 1973 Leon Klimovski Narciso Ibáñez Menta
Velika ljubav grofa Drakule Count Dracula's Great Love 1973 Pol Naši Havijer Agire
Legenda o 7 zlatnih vampira The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires 1974 Džon Forbs-Robertson Roj Vord Bejker, Čang Čeh
Drakulina krv Blood for Dracula 1974 Udo Kir Pol Morisej
Evil of Dracula 1974 Michio Yamamoto
Bram Stokerov Drakula Bram Stoker's Dracula 1974 Džek Palans Den Kertis
Stari Drakula Old Dracula 1974 Dejvid Niven Kliv Doner
Dracula père et fils 1976 Kristofer Li Eduard Molinaro
Grof Drakula Count Dracula 1977 Luj Žurdan Filip Savil
Nosferatu: Fantom noći Nosferatu the Vampyre 1979 Klaus Kinski Verner Hercog
Drakula Dracula 1979 Frenk Langela Džon Badam
Fracchia contro Dracula 1985 Edmund Purdom Neri Parenti
Odred protiv čudovišta The Monster Squad 1986 Dankan Reger Fred Deker
Drakula (film iz 1992) Bram Stoker's Dracula 1992 Gari Oldman Fransis Ford Kopola
Drakula: Mrtav i voljen Dracula: Dead and Loving It 1995 Lesli Nilsen Mel Bruks
Princ Drakula: Istinita priča o Drakuli Dark Prince: The True Story of Dracula 2000 Rudolf Martin Džo Šapel
Drakula 2000 Dracula 2000 2000 Džerard Batler Patrik Lusje
Drakula Dracula 2002 Patrik Bergin Rodžer Jang
Vlad Vlad 2003 Frančesko Kvin Majkl D.Selers,Majkl Selers
Drakula 2: Uzdizanje Dracula II: Ascension 2003 Stiven Bilington Patrik Lusje
Drakula 3000 Dracula 3000 2004 Langli Kirkvud Darel Rudt
Van Helsing Van Helsing 2004 Ričard Roksburg Stiven Samers
Drakula 3: Nasleđe Dracula III: Legacy 2005 Rutger Hauer Patrik Lusje
Drakula Dracula 2006 Mark Voren Bil Igls
Drakula: Ponovo rođen Dracula: Reborn 2012 Stjuart Rigbi Matrik Makmanus
Drakula 3D Dracula 3D 2012 Tomas Krečman Dario Arđento
Drakula: Mračni princ Dracula: The Dark Prince 2013 Luk Roberts Piri Redžinald Teo
Drakula: Neispričano Dracula Untold 2014 Luk Evans Gari Šor
Drakula Dracula 2020 Klas Bang Džoni Kembel, Dejmon Tomas, Pol Makgian
Renfild Renfield 2023 Nikolas Kejdž Kris MekKej
The Last Voyage of Demeter 2023 Havier Botet André Øvredal
Nosferatu Nosferatu 2024 Bil Skarsgard Robert Egers
Blakula Blacula 2024

Tv serije uredi

Serija Originalni naziv Godina Glumac
Drakula Dracula: The Series 1990-1991 Geordie Johnson
Mladi Drakula Young Dracula 2006-2014 Keit Li Kestl
Drakula Dracula 2013-2014 Džonatan Mejers
Drakula Dracula 2020 Klas Bang Džoni Kembel, Dejmon Tomas, Pol Makgian

Animirani filmovi uredi

Film Godina Režiser
Dracula: Sovereign of the Damned 1980 Minoru Okazaki,Akihori Nagaoka
Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School 1988 Rej Paterson
Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf 1988 Rej Paterson
The Batman vs. Dracula 2005 Sem Liu, Seung Eun Kim,Brendon Vietti
Hotel Transylvania 2012 Gendi Tartakovski
Dear Dracula 2012 Chad Van De Keere
Hotel Transylvania 2 2015 Gendi Tartakovski
Happy Family 2017 Holger Tappe
Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation 2018 Gendi Tartakovski
Hotel Transylvania: Transformania 2022 Derek Drymon, Jennifer Kluska

Opis lika uredi

Ovaj književni lik opisan je kao bled, dugih očnjaka, šiljatih ušiju, ogrnut crnim plaštom, pije svežu krv, transformiše se u druge životinje, podmlađuje se, čini ljude vampirom. Kao i svaki vampir, Drakula se boji belog luka, krsta, svetlosti, a može umreti ukoliko se probode glogovim kolcem kroz srce.[16]

Reference uredi

  1. ^ Stoker, Bram. Drracula (PDF). Chapter 20, Johnathon Harker's Journal, LETTER, MITCHELL, SONS & CANDY TO LORD GODALMING, October 1st. str. 391. „The purchaser is a foreign nobleman, Count de Ville 
  2. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 6, Johnathon Harker's Journal. str. 500. „He had received a letter from Mr. de Ville of London 
  3. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). str. 10, 14, 499, 517. 
  4. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 2, Johnathon Harker's Journal. str. 9. „‘Ordog’—Satan, ‘Pokol’—hell, ‘stregoica’—witch, ‘vrolok’ and ‘vlkoslak’—both mean the same thing, one being Slovak and the other Servian for something that is either werewolf or vampire. 
  5. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch 23, Dr Seward's Diary. str. 436. „‘Look out for D. He has just now, 12:45, come from Carfax hurriedly and hastened towards the South. 
  6. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 2, Johnathon Harker's Journal. str. 35. „We Transylvanian nobles love not to think that our bones may lie amongst the common dead. 
  7. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). str. 43, 344. 
  8. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Chapter 18, Dr. Seward's Diary. str. 344. 
  9. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). Ch 27, DR. VAN HELSING’S MEMORANDUM, 5 November. str. 531. „DRACULA This then was the Undead home of the King Vampire, to whom so many more were due. 
  10. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula (PDF). str. 9, 42. 
  11. ^ Stoker, Bram. Dracula's Guest (PDF). str. 11. „"A wolf--and yet not a wolf!" another put in shudderingly. "No use trying for him without the sacred bullet." 
  12. ^ Warren, Louis S. (2002). „Buffalo Bill Meets Dracula: William F. Cody, Bram Stoker, and the Frontiers of Racial Decay”. The American Historical Review. Washington DC: American Historical Association. 107 (4): 1124—57. ISSN 0002-8762. doi:10.1086/ahr/107.4.1124 — preko Oxford Journals Online. 
  13. ^ „Koga god Drakula pozove na gozbu, taj neće dobro proći”. Alo. Pristupljeno 27. 1. 2020. 
  14. ^ Senf, Carol N. (jesen 1979). „Dracula: The Unseen Face in the Mirror”. Journal of Narrative Technique. Ypsilanti, Michigan: Eastern Michigan University. 9 (3): 160—70. 
  15. ^ The Cambridge Companion to 'Dracula'. Cambridge University Press. 2018. str. 101. ISBN 9781107153172. 
  16. ^ „Moje ime je Drakula, a vi ste?”. Wannabemagazine. Pristupljeno 27. 1. 2020. 

Literatura uredi

  • Clive Leatherdale (1985) Dracula: the Novel and the Legend. Desert Island Books.
  • Bram Stoker (1897) Dracula. Norton Critical Edition (1997) edited by Nina Auerbach and David J. Skal.
  • Senf, Carol. Dracula: Between Tradition and Modernism (Twayne, 1998).
  • Senf, Carol A. Bram Stoker. University of Wales Press, 2010.
  • Alley, Timothy Dodd (2011). „Introduction - Vampire Bytes and Digital Draculas”. Dracula in Visual Media. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-3365-0. 
  • Bennett, J. (2009). „Total Eclipse: Metal, Mayhem & Murder”. Ur.: Mudrian, Albert. Precious Metal. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81806-6. 
  • Blair, Harry N. (24. 2. 1930). „Short Shots from New York Studios.”. The Film Daily. 
  • Browning, John Edgar; Picart, Caroline Joan (Kay) (2011). Dracula in Visual Media. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-3365-0. 
  • Burrell, James (novembar 2015). „Cryptic Collectibles”. Rue Morgue. Marrs Media. ISSN 1481-1103. 
  • Frye, Mitch (2011). „Introduction - The Darker Cape: Dracula, Vampires, and Superheroes in Comics”. Dracula in Visual Media. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-3365-0. 
  • Hanke, Ken (2014). A Critical Guide to Horror Film Series. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-72642-9. 
  • Marks, Laura Helen (2011). „Introduction- I Want to Suck Your... : Dracula in Pornographic Film”. Dracula in Visual Media. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-3365-0. 
  • Marriott, James; Newman, Kim (2018). The Definitive Guide to Horror Movies. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-78739-139-0. 
  • Muir, John Kenneth (2012). Horror Films of the 1970s. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-9156-8. 
  • Petridis, Alexis (14. 6. 2011). „Bauhaus Invent Goth”. The Guardian. Pristupljeno 11. 1. 2021. 
  • Rhodes, Gary D. (2014). Tod Browning's Dracula. Tomahawk Press. ISBN 978-0-9566834-5-8. 
  • Scivally, Bruce (2015). Dracula FAQ (Kindle izd.). Backbeat Books. ISBN 9781617136009. 
  • Skal, David J. (2011). „Introduction - Dracula: Undead and Unseen”. Dracula in Visual Media. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-3365-0. 
  • Taylor, Markland (8. 10. 2002). „Dracula: A Chamber Musical”. Variety. Pristupljeno 12. 1. 2022. 
  • Weaver, Tom; Brunas, Michael; Brunas, John (2007). Universal Horrors (2 izd.). McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-2974-5. 

Spoljašnje veze uredi